1. STRUCTURE PLAN LANDSCAPE RESOURCES
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2. STRUCTURE PLAN
“A structure plan is a regional level perspective plan supporting a long term vision for development and
related spatial perspective for integrated development in the areas without compromising on its ecology and
natural environment.”
•A structure plan is a framework to guide the development or redevelopment of an area by defining the
future development and land use patterns, areas of open space, the layout and nature of infrastructure
(including transportation links), and other key features and constraints that influence how the effects of
development are to be managed.
•Structure plans comprise one or more maps, plans or diagrammatic representations of the proposed
layout, features, character and links for areas being developed or redeveloped. The maps or plans in
structure plans do not typically go into such detail as to define individual lot boundaries or the physical
form of buildings and structures. The maps, plans or representations are usually supported by text
explaining the background to the issues that initiated the structure plan and the approaches to manage
those issues.
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3. ISSUES MANAGED THROUGH STRUCTURE PLAN
1. Urban consolidation and greenfield expansion
2. The type and location of land uses that will be permitted, including development type, density and staging
3. Multi-modal transport links and connectivity (such as roading, rail, sea and air links, public transport, cycle and
pedestrian access)
4. The location, type, scale and staging of infrastructure required to service an area, including stormwater, water
and sewerage
5. Integration of new development and growth with infrastructure and existing urban development
6. Landscape character and amenity
7. Reserves and open space networks
8. Natural hazards
9. The provision of community facilities
10. The protection of sites, features or values (which may be cultural, ecological, historical or amenity related)
11. Areas of contamination
12. Provision and location of network utilities
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MASTER PLAN STRUCTURE PLAN / BASIC PLAN
Past city plan approach Current city plan approach
Focusing more physical / spatial aspect Focusing Physical / Spatial / Socio – Economic
aspects
20 years 10 years
Rigid / Zoning change not possible Flexible / Zoning change possible wherever
realities become visible
Block level details and Local roads included Structural Plan framework / Basic plan detail
up to block level
Participatory planning was considered as
simple familiarization of the already finalized
urban plans to stakeholders
Highly Participatory
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MASTER PLAN & STRUCTURE PLAN
5. 1. Provide integrated management of complex environmental issues within a defined geographical area (eg,
urban growth, inner city redevelopment, open space planning, natural hazards management, improved
water quality and quantity management, and protection of natural and cultural heritage values)
2. Coordinate the staging of development over time, particularly where large areas are to be developed or
redeveloped
3. Ensure co-ordinated and compatible patterns and intensities of development across parcels of land in
different ownership, and between existing and proposed areas of development and redevelopment
4. Co-ordinate infrastructure provision and other services across land parcels in different ownership, or over
different council boundaries
5. Provide certainty to developers, the council, key stakeholders and the wider public regarding the layout,
character and costs of development in an area earmarked for growth or redevelopment.
6. Promote a better understanding of the inter-relatedness of issues and proposed management approaches
to be used in a particular area (through the use of visual material such as maps, plans and diagrams)
7. Ensure that new development achieves good urban design outcomes by defining the layout, pattern,
density and character of new development and transportation networks
8. Show how economic, social and cultural matters are being provided for and managed alongside
environmental considerations.
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REASONS FOR STRUCTURE PLANNING
6. 1. Scoping and project planning;
2. Community and stakeholder consultation (throughout the process);
3. Engagement with stakeholder;
4. Research and information analysis;
5. Urban design;
6. Generation and evaluation of alternatives and identification of preferred options;
7. Finalising the structure plan;
8. Documentation of structure plan process;
9. Post-structure plan process;
10. Implementation;
11. Monitoring and review.
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PROCESS FOR PREPARING AND IMPLEMENTING
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CASE STUDY 01|BANGALORE STRUCTURE PLANS
•Bangalore
Metropolitan Region
covers an area of
8005 sq.kms and
houses of
population of
approx. 8 million
according to 2001
census.
•Cauvery river is
situated at a
distance of 108 KM
and more crucially,
at the lower
elevation of 450 m.
8. Context
•The 73rd and 74th CAA (Constitutional Amendment Act) provide for a spatial framework for integrated
development and this assumes significances in the current effort of revision of the Structure plan for the
Bangalore Metropolitan region for the horizon year 2031.
•Scoping down to Karnataka, the fourth most urbanised state in the country faces all the above challenges
related to urbanization while attempting to address the same through the emerging planning and governance
framework.
•KA has only one metropolitan region namely the Bangalore Metropolitan Region with Bangalore being the
megacity in the state.
•It is expected that nearly 800 million people out of 1700 million at that time would live in municipal areas in
less than 2 % of the nation’s land.
• In 1985, the Govt. of Karnataka constituted the BMRDA under BMRDA Act and a limit named BMR with an
area of 8005 Sq.km. came into existence.
•In 1997, Preparation of Banglore Structure Plan 2011 was initiated., set out its vision and targets for the
horizon year 2011.
•It was prepared in 1998, approved in 2005.
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CASE STUDY 01|BANGALORE STRUCTURE PLANS
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•Whangarei is the northernmost city
in New Zealand and the regional
capital of Northland Region.
•It is part of the Whangarei District,
a local body created in 1989 to
administer both the city proper and
its hinterland from the former
Whangarei City, Whangarei
County and Hikurangi Town councils.
CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
15. Location: Whangarei District.
Prepared by: BECA Planning for Whangarei District Council.
Timeframe: 2002 with a full revision in 2009.
Description:
•This project involved the development of nine structure plans for coastal settlements aimed at improving coastal
planning, management, development and conservation at a local level.
•These first structure plans were the priority plans identified in the Whangarei Coastal Management Strategy.
•A further 11 structure plans for lower priority planning were identified and are waiting for the RPS to identify
the extent of the coastal environment before being progressed.
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
16. Background
•The rapid coastal development in the early 2000’s resulted in many subdivisions lacking adequate services
and infrastructure.
•As a result, a planned approach to settlements along the coast was needed.
•The typical baches were replaced by holiday homes and the coast became the recreational backyard for the
urban areas, with the population swelling more than threefold during the summer months.
•In most cases property owners still relied on rainwater harvesting but it became necessary to develop local
waste water treatment plants to cater for the increasing population.
•The beauty of the beaches and the ecosystems had to be protected to retain the reason why people flocked
to the coastal settlements.
•Local economic services and entertainment followed which became the fabric of the coastal villages.
•In order to manage these in a planned way, both for the immediate needs as well as for the longer period the
Structure Plans needed to be created to provide the opportunity for growth and servicing.
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
Whangarei District Growth Strategy (Whangarei District Council, 2009).
Coastal Management Strategy, Policy Implementation Direction map, Ocean Beach – Whangarei Heads
(Whangarei District Council, 2002).
18. Structure plan development process
•Step 1 - Confirmation of management direction for the Policy Area and definition of Structure Plan boundaries.
•The definition of the structure plan areas considered the particular resource demands, issues and conflicts that
had been identified for the policy areas in the Coastal Management Strategy process.
•Step 2 - Collation and mapping of existing constraints and opportunities within the Structure Plan area.
•Information was collated and mapped to identify constraints and opportunities. This included current zonings,
natural hazard areas, sites of ecological, heritage and cultural significance, and protected areas identified from
technical studies.
•Step 3 - Workshop with community to identify key Structure Plan concepts and desirable outcomes.
•This first phase of consultation focussed on identifying existing issues in the structure plan area and how the
community wanted the area to look over the next 20 years.
•Step 4 - Validation of the Structure Plan direction.
•The community feedback was validated against the earlier Coastal Management Strategy and policy area
visions.
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
19. Structure plan development process
•Step 5 - Structure Plan concept development including mapping and identification of key infrastructure
components.
•The community feedback was collated and the structure plan elements mapped including infrastructure
requirements, future land use patterns, development initiatives, sense of place features, and areas for
protection.
•Step 6 - Workshop with community to review Structure Plan and key outcomes.
•An informal open day was held to allow the community to review and provide feedback on the draft structure
plan, and proposals for the implementation measures and programme.
•Step 7 - Development of implementation programme (including 'triggers', timeframes and statutory changes to
the District Plan).
•Step 8 - Finalise Structure Plan and presentation to Council for adoption.
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
20. Content of structure plan
The structure plans provided for a wide range of future land uses, including:
•Future residential areas, differentiating between clustered settlement areas, low density residential areas, and rural living
environments;
•Economic development opportunities and business expansion areas;
•Rural development opportunities while addressing reverse sensitivity issues;
•Areas for protection, including future recreation and conservation reserves;
•Management of existing reserves, including improved access and maintenance;
•Preliminary identification of hazard issues (based on available information).
In addition, the structure plans identified a number of other desirable outcomes to be delivered by a range of methods, including
by the community and other agencies working collaboratively. Those outcomes included, for example:
•Measures to enhance the sense of place, including signage and place making;
•Recognition and promotion of the heritage values of an area;
•Protecting and enhancing biodiversity through community led initiatives, or in collaboration with the department of conservation.
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
21. Current Scenario of structure plan :
As a result of the following structure plans, a number of implementation
initiatives have occurred (as at September 2014):
Ruakaka Structure Plan:
•Marsden Town Centre – Operative;
•Ruakaka Equine Centre with residential – Decisions made (under appeal);
•Marsden Cove Marina – adjustment of land uses – Operative;
•Rail Designation – Finalised, which protects a corridor of land for a future
railway extension from the main trunk line to the port and refinery;
•Various Resource Consent applications approved or declined according to
the Structure Plan process;
•Phasing of the sewer outfall designed according to the phasing in the
Structure Plan – guided by Development Contributions.
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CASE STUDY 02|WHANGAREI COASTAL MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE PLANS
Marsden Point – Ruakaka Structure Plan (Whangarei District Council, 2009)
