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©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 1
21 rue la Noue Bras de Fer
44200 NANTES - FRANCE +33 2 40 18 09 16 info@systemplus.fr www.systemplus.fr
Apple A11 Application Processor
Second generation of TSMC’s inFO packaging
PACKAGING report by Stéphane ELISABETH
February 2018 – version 1
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 2
Table of Contents
Overview / Introduction 4
o Executive Summary
o Reverse Costing Methodology
Company Profile 8
o Apple
o Apple APE Portfolio
o Fan-Out Packaging
o TSMC inFO Technology
o Apple iPhone 8 & X Teardown
o Fan-Out Market
Physical Analysis 22
o Summary of the Physical Analysis 23
o Packaging 25
 Package Views, Marking & Dimensions
 Package X-Ray
 Package RDL Deprocessing
 Package Memory: X-Ray view & Opening
 Package Opening
 Board Cross-Section: Via Frame, PCB, Dimensions
 Package Cross-Section: TiV, Adhesive, RDLs
 Package Process
 Summary of Physical Data
o Land-Side Capacitor 65
 Die Views & Dimensions
 Die Deprocessing & Delayering
 Die Process
 Die Cross-Section
 Die Process Characteristics
o Application Processor 87
 Die Views, Marking & Dimensions
 Die Cross-Section
 Die Process Characteristics
Physical Comparison 94
o Apple’s APE Series: A9, A10, A11
o APE’s PoP Technology: Standard PoP, MCeP, inFO
Manufacturing Process 98
o APE Die Front-End Process & Fabrication Unit
o Deep Trench Capacitor Die Front-End Process Flow
& Fabrication Unit
o inFO Packaging Process Flow & Fabrication unit
Cost Analysis 117
o Summary of the cost analysis 118
o Yields Explanation & Hypotheses 119
o APE die 122
 Wafer & Die Front-End Cost
 Preparation Wafer Cost
o LSC die 126
 Wafer & Die Front-End Cost
 Frond-End cost per Process Steps
o inFO Packaging 131
 inFO Wafer Cost
 inFO Front-End Cost per Process Steps
 Component Cost
Company services 136
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 3
Overview / Introduction
o Executive Summary
o Reverse Costing
Methodology
o Glossary
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Executive Summary
• This full reverse costing study has been conducted to provide insight on technology data, manufacturing cost and selling price of
the Apple A11.
• Comparing the Apple iPhone X and the Apple iPhone 8, the two flagship has different way to integrate the main board. On the
iPhone X, the main board is using special PCB technology from AT&S to reduce about 53 % of the main board footprint. AT&S has
managed to use two side mounted PCB and a via frame to compact the main board. The APE is located inside the structure under
the DRAM package using PoP technology. This new version comes along with a new land-side decoupling capacitors (LSC)
technology.
• The Apple A11 is a wafer-level package using new generation of TSMC’s packaging technology with copper pillar as Through inFO
Via (TiV) to replace the well-known Through Molded Via (TMV) technology. Compared to standard PoP technology, Apple still have
a head start with the inFO packaging and its innovations: Copper Pillars, Redistribution layer, silicon high density capacitor
integration, …
• In this report, the complete packaging is analyzed from the DRAM memory to the LSC developed by TSMC. The report includes a
complete cost analysis and price estimation of the device based on a detailed description of the packaging. It also features a
complete technology comparison with standard PoP and Shinko’s MCeP PoP packaging used in the market.
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 4
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
o Apple
o Apple APE PortFolio
o TSMC inFO
o Apple 8 & X Teardown
o Fan-Out Market
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Apple iPhone 8 & X Teardown
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 5
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Summary of the Physical Analysis
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 6
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Views & Dimensions
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 7
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package X-Ray View
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 8
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Overview – RDL #3
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 9
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
A11 & Samsung – Package X-Ray
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 10
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Board Cross-Section – Via Frame
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 11
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Cross-Section
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 12
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Cross-Section – RDLs
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 13
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor – Die View & Dimensions
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 14
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor – Die Process
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 15
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor – Die Cross-Section
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 16
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
o Packaging
o Board Cross-Section
o Package Cross-Section
o Land-side Capacitor
o Application Processor
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
APE Die Dimensions
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 17
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
o Apple APE’s Series
o APE’s PoP Technology
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Package Comparison – Apple‘s APE
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 18
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
o APE Die Front-End Process
o Deep Trench Capacitor FE
Process
o inFO Packaging Process
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Deep Trench Capacitor Front-End Process
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 19
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
o APE Die Front-End Process
o Deep Trench Capacitor FE
Process
o inFO Packaging Process
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
Packaging Process
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 20
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
o Synthesis
o Supply Chain
o Yield hypothesis
o APE Wafer & Die Cost
o LSC Wafer & Die Cost
o inFO Packaging Cost
Feedbacks
About System Plus
inFO Packaging Cost
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 21
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
o Company services
o Related reports
o Contact
o Legal
REVERSE COSTING ANALYSES - SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING
Related Reports
REVERSE COSTING ANALYSES - SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING
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PATENT ANALYSIS - KNOWMADE
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• Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging Patent Landscape
COMPLETE TEARDOWN
WITH:
• Detailed photos:
cross-sections
• Precise
measurements
• Materials analysis
• Manufacturing
process flow
• Supply chain
evaluation
• Manufacturing cost
analysis
• Estimated sales price
• Technology
comparison with
standard PoP,
Shinko’s MCeP PoP
and TSMC’s inFO first
generation
Second Generation of TSMC’s Integrated Fan-Out (inFO)
Packaging for the Apple A11 found in the iPhone X
Title: Apple A11 inFO-
PoP
Pages: 140
Date: February 2018
Format: PDF & Excel file
Price: Full report:
EUR 3,490
The latest Apple application processor engine : from the stacked board to the A11,
and reverse costing of TSMC's updated inFO packaging
Until 2015, Apple used to integrate its application processor engine (APE) in standard
Package-on-Package (PoP) packaging. Starting in 2016, with the Apple A10 APE in the
Apple iPhone 7, TSMC has brought a breakthrough fan-out technology called
integrated Fan-Out (inFO) packaging to the market. This is still the most innovative,
powerful and cost-effective fan-out packaging technology for the APE. For its latest
flagships, the Apple iPhone 8 and tenth’s anniversary iPhone X, Apple has renewed
its collaboration with TSMC by using the new generation of inFO packaging for the
Apple A11 APE.
Comparing the iPhone X and the iPhone 8, Apple and its partners have integrated the
two flagships’ main boards differently. In the iPhone X, the main board uses special
printed circuit board (PCB) technology from AT&S to reduce its PCB footprint by about
15%. To do this, AT&S uses two stacked PCBs with components mounted on both sides
and a via frame. The APE is located inside the structure, under the DRAM package,
using PoP technology. This new version also features new land-side decoupling
capacitor (LSC) technology.
The Apple A11 is a wafer-level package using the new generation of TSMC’s packaging
technology. It uses copper pillars, called Through inFO Vias (TiVs), to replace the well-
known Through Molded Via (TMV) technology. Apple still outperforms standard PoP
technology thanks to the inFO packaging and its innovations, which include copper
pillars, redistribution layers and silicon high density capacitor integration.
This report analyzes the complete package, from the DRAM memory to the LSC
developed by TSMC. The report includes a comprehensive cost analysis and price
estimation of the device based on detailed description of the packaging. It also features
a detailed technology comparison with standard PoP and Shinko’s MCeP PoP packaging.
Reverse Costing®
Structure, Process & Cost Analysis
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview/Introduction
Apple Company Profile and
inFO Technology
Apple iPhone 8 and iPhone X
Teardown
Physical Analysis
• Physical Analysis
Methodology
• A11 Packaging Analysis
 Package view and
dimensions: X-ray, RDL
deprocessing, RDL
line/space width
 Package opening: DRAM
memories, APE die
 Board and package cross-
section: via frame, main
board PCB, TiV, adhesives,
RDLs
• Land-Side Decoupling
Capacitor
 Die view and dimensions
 Die overview and
delayering
 Die cross-section
 Die process
Manufacturing Process Flow
• Packaging Fabrication Unit
• inFO Package Process Flow
• Deep Trench Capacitor (DTC)
Chip Fabrication Unit
• DTC Process Flow
Cost Analysis
• Summary of the Cost Analysis
• Supply Chain Description
• Yield Hypotheses
• A11 Die Cost Analysis
 Wafer cost
 Die cost
• DTC Die Cost Analysis
 Wafer cost
 Die cost
• inFO Package Cost Analysis
 inFO wafer front-end cost
 inFO cost per process step
• Final Test Cost
• Component Cost
Estimated Price Analysis
Technology comparison with
Samsung’s PoP, Shinko’s MCeP
and the previous inFO
generation from the Apple A10
Performed by
3D Package CoSim+
ANALYSIS PERFORMED WITH OUR COSTING TOOL 3D PACKAGE COSIM+
System Plus Consulting
offers powerful costing
tools to evaluate the
production cost and selling
price from single chip to
complex structures.
3D Package Cosim+
Cost simulation tool to
evaluate the cost of any
Packaging process: Wafer-
level packaging, TSV, 3D
integration…
AUTHORS:
Dr. Stéphane
E l i s a b e t h
Stéphane has a
deep knowledge
of materials
characterizations
and electronics systems. He holds
an Engineering Degree in
Electronics and Numerical
Technology, and a PhD in
Materials for Microelectronics.
a deep knowledge in chemical
and physical analyses. He
previously worked in
microelectronics R&D for
CEA/LETI in Grenoble and for
STMicroelectronics in Crolles.
Nicolas Radufe
(Lab)
Nicolas is in
c h a r g e o f
p h y s i c a l
analysis. He has
Distributed by
RELATED REPORTS
ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFER
Performed by
NXP SCM-i.MX6 Quad High
Density Fan-Out Wafer-Level
System-in-Package
Qualcomm VIVE® QCA9500
High Density WiGig/WiFi
802.11ad Chipset for the 60
GHz Band
TSMC Integrated Fan-Out
(inFO) Package in Apple’s A10
Application Processor
The first ultra-small multi-die low
power module with boot memory
and power management integrated
in a package-on-package
compatible device for the Internet
of Things.
Disruptive double side molded
system-in-package-based chipset for
millimeter-wave applications
targeting consumer devices,
including integrated antennae.
Reverse engineering and costing of
the new inFOpackaging technology
from TSMC used for Apple’s latest
A10 application processor, found in
the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus.
Pages: 132
Date: June 2017
Full report: EUR 3,490*
Pages: 145
Date: January 2018
Full report: EUR 3,990*
Pages: 100
Date: October 2016
Full report: EUR 3,490*
You can choose to buy over 12
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Each year System Plus Consulting releases a comprehensive collection of new reverse engineering &
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Founded in 1998, Yole Développement has grown to become a group of companies providing marketing, technology
and strategy consulting, media and corporate finance services. With a strong focus on emerging applications using
silicon and/or micro manufacturing, the Yole Développement group has expanded to include more than 50
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4.5 All the Products that the Seller sells may, upon prior notice to the Buyer from time to time be modified by or substituted with similar Products meeting the needs of the Buyer. This modification shall not lead to the
liability of the Seller, provided that the Seller ensures the substituted Product is similar to the Product initially ordered.
4.6 In the case where, after inspection, it is acknowledged that the Products contain defects, the Seller undertakes to replace the defective products as far as the supplies allow and without indemnities or compensation of
any kind for labor costs, delays, loss caused or any other reason. The replacement is guaranteed for a maximum of two months starting from the delivery date. Any replacement is excluded for any event as set out in
article 5 below.
4.7 The deadlines that the Seller is asked to state for the mailing of the Products are given for information only and are not guaranteed. If such deadlines are not met, it shall not lead to any damages or cancellation of the
orders, except for non acceptable delays exceeding [4] months from the stated deadline, without information from the Seller. In such case only, the Buyer shall be entitled to ask for a reimbursement of its first down
payment to the exclusion of any further damages.
4.8 The Seller does not make any warranties, express or implied, including, without limitation, those of sale ability and fitness for a particular purpose, with respect to the Products. Although the Seller shall take
reasonable steps to screen Products for infection of viruses, worms, Trojan horses or other codes containing contaminating or destructive properties before making the Products available, the Seller cannot guarantee that
any Product will be free from infection.
5. Force majeure
The Seller shall not be liable for any delay in performance directly or indirectly caused by or resulting from acts of nature, fire, flood, accident, riot, war, government intervention, embargoes, strikes, labor difficulties,
equipment failure, late deliveries by suppliers or other difficulties which are beyond the control, and not the fault of the Seller.
6. Protection of the Seller’s IPR
6.1 All the IPR attached to the Products are and remain the property of the Seller and are protected under French and international copyright law and conventions.
6.2 The Buyer agreed not to disclose, copy, reproduce, redistribute, resell or publish the Product, or any part of it to any other party other than employees of its company. The Buyer shall have the right to use the
Products solely for its own internal information purposes. In particular, the Buyer shall therefore not use the Product for purposes such as:
- Information storage and retrieval systems;
- Recordings and re-transmittals over any network (including any local area network);
- Use in any timesharing, service bureau, bulletin board or similar arrangement or public display;
- Posting any Product to any other online service (including bulletin boards or the Internet);
- Licensing, leasing, selling, offering for sale or assigning the Product.
6.3 The Buyer shall be solely responsible towards the Seller of all infringements of this obligation, whether this infringement comes from its employees or any person to whom the Buyer has sent the Products and shall
personally take care of any related proceedings, and the Buyer shall bear related financial consequences in their entirety.
6.4 The Buyer shall define within its company point of contact for the needs of the contract. This person will be the recipient of each new report in PDF format. This person shall also be responsible for respect of the
copyrights and will guaranty that the Products are not disseminated out of the company.
6.5 In the context of annual subscriptions, the person of contact shall decide who within the Buyer, shall be entitled to access on line the reports on I-micronews.com. In this respect, the Seller will give the Buyer a
maximum of 10 password, unless the multiple sites organization of the Buyer requires more passwords. The Seller reserves the right to check from time to time the correct use of this password.
6.6 In the case of a multisite, multi license, only the employee of the buyer can access the report or the employee of the companies in which the buyer have 100% shares. As a matter of fact the investor of a company,
the joint venture done with a third party etc..cannot access the report and should pay a full license price.
7. Termination
7.1 If the Buyer cancels the order in whole or in part or postpones the date of mailing, the Buyer shall indemnify the Seller for the entire costs that have been incurred as at the date of notification by the Buyer of such
delay or cancellation. This may also apply for any other direct or indirect consequential loss that may be borne by the Seller, following this decision.
7.2 In the event of breach by one Party under these conditions or the order, the non-breaching Party may send a notification to the other by recorded delivery letter upon which, after a period of thirty (30) days without
solving the problem, the non-breaching Party shall be entitled to terminate all the pending orders, without being liable for any compensation.
8. Miscellaneous
All the provisions of these Terms and Conditions are for the benefit of the Seller itself, but also for its licensors, employees and agents. Each of them is entitled to assert and enforce those provisions against the Buyer.
Any notices under these Terms and Conditions shall be given in writing. They shall be effective upon receipt by the other Party.
The Seller may, from time to time, update these Terms and Conditions and the Buyer, is deemed to have accepted the latest version of these terms and conditions, provided they have been communicated to him in due
time.
9. Governing law and jurisdiction
9.1 Any dispute arising out or linked to these Terms and Conditions or to any contract (orders) entered into in application of these Terms and Conditions shall be settled by the French Commercial Courts of Lyon, which
shall have exclusive jurisdiction upon such issues.
9.2 French law shall govern the relation between the Buyer and the Seller, in accordance with these Terms and Conditions.
Distributed by
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 22
COMPANY
SERVICES
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 23
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
o Company services
o Related reports
o Contact
o Legal
Business Models Fields of Expertise
Custom Analyses
(>130 analyses per year)
Reports
(>40 reports per year)
Costing Tools
Trainings
©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 24
Overview / Introduction
Company Profile & Supply
Chain
Physical Analysis
Physical Comparison
Manufacturing Process Flow
Cost Analysis
Feedbacks
About System Plus
o Company services
o Related reports
o Contact
o Legal
Contact
Headquarters
21 rue La Noue Bras de Fer
44200 Nantes
FRANCE
+33 2 40 18 09 16
sales@systemplus.fr
Europe Sales Office
Lizzie LEVENEZ
Frankfurt am Main
GERMANY
+49 151 23 54 41 82
llevenez@systemplus.fr
America Sales Office
Steve LAFERRIERE
Phoenix
USA
(310) 600-8267
laferriere@yole.fr
www.systemplus.fr
Asia Sales Office
Takashi ONOZAWA
Tokyo
JAPAN
onozawa@yole.fr
Mavis WANG
GREATER CHINA
wang@yole.fr
NANTES
Headquarter
FRANKFURT/MAIN
Europa Sales Office
LYON
YOLE HQ
TOKYO
YOLE KK
GREATER CHINA
YOLE
PHOENIX
YOLE Inc.
KOREA
YOLE

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Second Generation of TSMC’s Integrated Fan-Out (inFO) Packaging for the Apple A11 found in the iPhone X 2018 - teardown reverse costing report published by System Plus Consulting

  • 1. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 1 21 rue la Noue Bras de Fer 44200 NANTES - FRANCE +33 2 40 18 09 16 info@systemplus.fr www.systemplus.fr Apple A11 Application Processor Second generation of TSMC’s inFO packaging PACKAGING report by Stéphane ELISABETH February 2018 – version 1
  • 2. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 2 Table of Contents Overview / Introduction 4 o Executive Summary o Reverse Costing Methodology Company Profile 8 o Apple o Apple APE Portfolio o Fan-Out Packaging o TSMC inFO Technology o Apple iPhone 8 & X Teardown o Fan-Out Market Physical Analysis 22 o Summary of the Physical Analysis 23 o Packaging 25  Package Views, Marking & Dimensions  Package X-Ray  Package RDL Deprocessing  Package Memory: X-Ray view & Opening  Package Opening  Board Cross-Section: Via Frame, PCB, Dimensions  Package Cross-Section: TiV, Adhesive, RDLs  Package Process  Summary of Physical Data o Land-Side Capacitor 65  Die Views & Dimensions  Die Deprocessing & Delayering  Die Process  Die Cross-Section  Die Process Characteristics o Application Processor 87  Die Views, Marking & Dimensions  Die Cross-Section  Die Process Characteristics Physical Comparison 94 o Apple’s APE Series: A9, A10, A11 o APE’s PoP Technology: Standard PoP, MCeP, inFO Manufacturing Process 98 o APE Die Front-End Process & Fabrication Unit o Deep Trench Capacitor Die Front-End Process Flow & Fabrication Unit o inFO Packaging Process Flow & Fabrication unit Cost Analysis 117 o Summary of the cost analysis 118 o Yields Explanation & Hypotheses 119 o APE die 122  Wafer & Die Front-End Cost  Preparation Wafer Cost o LSC die 126  Wafer & Die Front-End Cost  Frond-End cost per Process Steps o inFO Packaging 131  inFO Wafer Cost  inFO Front-End Cost per Process Steps  Component Cost Company services 136
  • 3. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 3 Overview / Introduction o Executive Summary o Reverse Costing Methodology o Glossary Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Executive Summary • This full reverse costing study has been conducted to provide insight on technology data, manufacturing cost and selling price of the Apple A11. • Comparing the Apple iPhone X and the Apple iPhone 8, the two flagship has different way to integrate the main board. On the iPhone X, the main board is using special PCB technology from AT&S to reduce about 53 % of the main board footprint. AT&S has managed to use two side mounted PCB and a via frame to compact the main board. The APE is located inside the structure under the DRAM package using PoP technology. This new version comes along with a new land-side decoupling capacitors (LSC) technology. • The Apple A11 is a wafer-level package using new generation of TSMC’s packaging technology with copper pillar as Through inFO Via (TiV) to replace the well-known Through Molded Via (TMV) technology. Compared to standard PoP technology, Apple still have a head start with the inFO packaging and its innovations: Copper Pillars, Redistribution layer, silicon high density capacitor integration, … • In this report, the complete packaging is analyzed from the DRAM memory to the LSC developed by TSMC. The report includes a complete cost analysis and price estimation of the device based on a detailed description of the packaging. It also features a complete technology comparison with standard PoP and Shinko’s MCeP PoP packaging used in the market.
  • 4. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 4 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain o Apple o Apple APE PortFolio o TSMC inFO o Apple 8 & X Teardown o Fan-Out Market Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Apple iPhone 8 & X Teardown
  • 5. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 5 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Summary of the Physical Analysis
  • 6. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 6 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Package Views & Dimensions
  • 7. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 7 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Package X-Ray View
  • 8. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 8 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Package Overview – RDL #3
  • 9. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 9 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus A11 & Samsung – Package X-Ray
  • 10. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 10 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Board Cross-Section – Via Frame
  • 11. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 11 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Package Cross-Section
  • 12. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 12 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Package Cross-Section – RDLs
  • 13. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 13 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor – Die View & Dimensions
  • 14. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 14 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor – Die Process
  • 15. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 15 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor – Die Cross-Section
  • 16. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 16 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis o Packaging o Board Cross-Section o Package Cross-Section o Land-side Capacitor o Application Processor Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus APE Die Dimensions
  • 17. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 17 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison o Apple APE’s Series o APE’s PoP Technology Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Package Comparison – Apple‘s APE
  • 18. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 18 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow o APE Die Front-End Process o Deep Trench Capacitor FE Process o inFO Packaging Process Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Deep Trench Capacitor Front-End Process
  • 19. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 19 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow o APE Die Front-End Process o Deep Trench Capacitor FE Process o inFO Packaging Process Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus Packaging Process
  • 20. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 20 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis o Synthesis o Supply Chain o Yield hypothesis o APE Wafer & Die Cost o LSC Wafer & Die Cost o inFO Packaging Cost Feedbacks About System Plus inFO Packaging Cost
  • 21. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 21 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus o Company services o Related reports o Contact o Legal REVERSE COSTING ANALYSES - SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING Related Reports REVERSE COSTING ANALYSES - SYSTEM PLUS CONSULTING PACKAGING • NXP SCM-i.MX6 Quad High Density Fan-Out Wafer-Level System-in-Package • Qualcomm VIVE® QCA9500 High Density WiGig/WiFi 802.11ad Chipset for the 60 GHz Band • TSMC Integrated Fan-Out Package MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY REPORTS - YOLE DÉVELOPPEMENT ADVANCED PACKAGING • Fan-Out: Technologies and Market trends 2017 • Equipment and Materials for Fan-Out Packaging 2017 PATENT ANALYSIS - KNOWMADE ADVANCED PACKAGING • Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging Patent Landscape
  • 22. COMPLETE TEARDOWN WITH: • Detailed photos: cross-sections • Precise measurements • Materials analysis • Manufacturing process flow • Supply chain evaluation • Manufacturing cost analysis • Estimated sales price • Technology comparison with standard PoP, Shinko’s MCeP PoP and TSMC’s inFO first generation Second Generation of TSMC’s Integrated Fan-Out (inFO) Packaging for the Apple A11 found in the iPhone X Title: Apple A11 inFO- PoP Pages: 140 Date: February 2018 Format: PDF & Excel file Price: Full report: EUR 3,490 The latest Apple application processor engine : from the stacked board to the A11, and reverse costing of TSMC's updated inFO packaging Until 2015, Apple used to integrate its application processor engine (APE) in standard Package-on-Package (PoP) packaging. Starting in 2016, with the Apple A10 APE in the Apple iPhone 7, TSMC has brought a breakthrough fan-out technology called integrated Fan-Out (inFO) packaging to the market. This is still the most innovative, powerful and cost-effective fan-out packaging technology for the APE. For its latest flagships, the Apple iPhone 8 and tenth’s anniversary iPhone X, Apple has renewed its collaboration with TSMC by using the new generation of inFO packaging for the Apple A11 APE. Comparing the iPhone X and the iPhone 8, Apple and its partners have integrated the two flagships’ main boards differently. In the iPhone X, the main board uses special printed circuit board (PCB) technology from AT&S to reduce its PCB footprint by about 15%. To do this, AT&S uses two stacked PCBs with components mounted on both sides and a via frame. The APE is located inside the structure, under the DRAM package, using PoP technology. This new version also features new land-side decoupling capacitor (LSC) technology. The Apple A11 is a wafer-level package using the new generation of TSMC’s packaging technology. It uses copper pillars, called Through inFO Vias (TiVs), to replace the well- known Through Molded Via (TMV) technology. Apple still outperforms standard PoP technology thanks to the inFO packaging and its innovations, which include copper pillars, redistribution layers and silicon high density capacitor integration. This report analyzes the complete package, from the DRAM memory to the LSC developed by TSMC. The report includes a comprehensive cost analysis and price estimation of the device based on detailed description of the packaging. It also features a detailed technology comparison with standard PoP and Shinko’s MCeP PoP packaging. Reverse Costing® Structure, Process & Cost Analysis
  • 23. TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview/Introduction Apple Company Profile and inFO Technology Apple iPhone 8 and iPhone X Teardown Physical Analysis • Physical Analysis Methodology • A11 Packaging Analysis  Package view and dimensions: X-ray, RDL deprocessing, RDL line/space width  Package opening: DRAM memories, APE die  Board and package cross- section: via frame, main board PCB, TiV, adhesives, RDLs • Land-Side Decoupling Capacitor  Die view and dimensions  Die overview and delayering  Die cross-section  Die process Manufacturing Process Flow • Packaging Fabrication Unit • inFO Package Process Flow • Deep Trench Capacitor (DTC) Chip Fabrication Unit • DTC Process Flow Cost Analysis • Summary of the Cost Analysis • Supply Chain Description • Yield Hypotheses • A11 Die Cost Analysis  Wafer cost  Die cost • DTC Die Cost Analysis  Wafer cost  Die cost • inFO Package Cost Analysis  inFO wafer front-end cost  inFO cost per process step • Final Test Cost • Component Cost Estimated Price Analysis Technology comparison with Samsung’s PoP, Shinko’s MCeP and the previous inFO generation from the Apple A10 Performed by 3D Package CoSim+ ANALYSIS PERFORMED WITH OUR COSTING TOOL 3D PACKAGE COSIM+ System Plus Consulting offers powerful costing tools to evaluate the production cost and selling price from single chip to complex structures. 3D Package Cosim+ Cost simulation tool to evaluate the cost of any Packaging process: Wafer- level packaging, TSV, 3D integration… AUTHORS: Dr. Stéphane E l i s a b e t h Stéphane has a deep knowledge of materials characterizations and electronics systems. He holds an Engineering Degree in Electronics and Numerical Technology, and a PhD in Materials for Microelectronics. a deep knowledge in chemical and physical analyses. He previously worked in microelectronics R&D for CEA/LETI in Grenoble and for STMicroelectronics in Crolles. Nicolas Radufe (Lab) Nicolas is in c h a r g e o f p h y s i c a l analysis. He has Distributed by
  • 24. RELATED REPORTS ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION OFFER Performed by NXP SCM-i.MX6 Quad High Density Fan-Out Wafer-Level System-in-Package Qualcomm VIVE® QCA9500 High Density WiGig/WiFi 802.11ad Chipset for the 60 GHz Band TSMC Integrated Fan-Out (inFO) Package in Apple’s A10 Application Processor The first ultra-small multi-die low power module with boot memory and power management integrated in a package-on-package compatible device for the Internet of Things. Disruptive double side molded system-in-package-based chipset for millimeter-wave applications targeting consumer devices, including integrated antennae. Reverse engineering and costing of the new inFOpackaging technology from TSMC used for Apple’s latest A10 application processor, found in the iPhone 7 and 7 Plus. Pages: 132 Date: June 2017 Full report: EUR 3,490* Pages: 145 Date: January 2018 Full report: EUR 3,990* Pages: 100 Date: October 2016 Full report: EUR 3,490* You can choose to buy over 12 months a set of 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 or 15 Reverse Costing® reports. Up to 47% discount! Each year System Plus Consulting releases a comprehensive collection of new reverse engineering & costing analyses in various domains. • Packaging: 3D Packaging - Embedded - SIP - WLP • Integrated Circuits : IPD - Memories - PMIC - SoC • RF: FEM - Duplexer • Systems: Automotive - Consumer - Energy - Telecom More than 60 reports released each year on the following topics (considered for 2018): • MEMS & Sensors: Accelerometer - Environment - Fingerprint - Gas - Gyroscope - IMU/Combo - Microphone - Optics - Oscillator - Pressure • Power: GaN - IGBT - MOSFET - Si Diode - SiC • Imaging: Camera - Spectrometer • LED & Laser: UV LED - VCSEL - White/blue LED Distributed by
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  • 27. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 22 COMPANY SERVICES
  • 28. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 23 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus o Company services o Related reports o Contact o Legal Business Models Fields of Expertise Custom Analyses (>130 analyses per year) Reports (>40 reports per year) Costing Tools Trainings
  • 29. ©2017 by System Plus Consulting | Apple A11 with TSMC inFO Packaging 24 Overview / Introduction Company Profile & Supply Chain Physical Analysis Physical Comparison Manufacturing Process Flow Cost Analysis Feedbacks About System Plus o Company services o Related reports o Contact o Legal Contact Headquarters 21 rue La Noue Bras de Fer 44200 Nantes FRANCE +33 2 40 18 09 16 sales@systemplus.fr Europe Sales Office Lizzie LEVENEZ Frankfurt am Main GERMANY +49 151 23 54 41 82 llevenez@systemplus.fr America Sales Office Steve LAFERRIERE Phoenix USA (310) 600-8267 laferriere@yole.fr www.systemplus.fr Asia Sales Office Takashi ONOZAWA Tokyo JAPAN onozawa@yole.fr Mavis WANG GREATER CHINA wang@yole.fr NANTES Headquarter FRANKFURT/MAIN Europa Sales Office LYON YOLE HQ TOKYO YOLE KK GREATER CHINA YOLE PHOENIX YOLE Inc. KOREA YOLE