3.1 Ump ( Unified Mysql Platform ) Essay

3.1 Ump ( Unified Mysql Platform ) Essay
2.5 UMP (Unified MySQL Platform):
It has a low cost and high performance MySQL cloud scheme, which is developed by the core
database team of Taobao. Its key module is realized by the Erlang programming language. The
system including controller server, proxy server, agent server, API/Web server, analysis and
optimization server and log analysis server.
Developers can apply for MySQL instance resources from the platform, and access the data through
a single entrance provided by the platform. UMP system maintains and manages a resource pool, to
provide master–slave hot standby, data backup, disaster recovery, R/W splitting, database sharding
and other service to user transparently. Its limitations are 1) it has a single point of failure and
doesn't balance the workload between the nodes. 2) It uses shared nothing architecture and so it will
migrate data between servers for executing large transactions. 3) it provides static resource
allocation and bad isolation algorithm using Cgroup.
2.6 Database placement and partitioning:
Beside cloud DBMS there are new database placement and partitioning software that support ACID.
2.6.1 Accordion:
It represents a dynamic data placement system for partition–based DBMSs that support ACID
transactions (local or distributed). It does so by explicitly considering the affinity between partitions,
which indicates the frequency in which they are accessed together by the same transactions.
Accordion estimates the capacity of a server by
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Nt1330 Unit 3
1) The response "sensitive value; response suppressed" is itself a disclosure. Suggest a manner in
which a database management system could suppress responses that reveal sensitive information
without disclosing that the responses to certain queries are sensitive.
It is every company mandatory requirement to make sure sensitive data is protected from public
access at all times. In large organization sensitive information such as employee salary and
performance should be kept confidential from most of the DBA users. For this DBMS uses database
security and authorization subsystems that is responsible for security to the portions of database or
to restrict the access to the sensitive information.
Below are some of the methods of database security ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So, classified or sensitive information can be only access by the people who have that level of
security clearance.
– DBA security – Controlling the access on the DB level can also serve as a mechanism to protect
sensitive data. In this type, there is always an administrator who controls the process of Account
creation, granting access, revoking roles and assigning appropriate security level assignment.
If a user wants to extract data and if it contains sensitive information, the DBMS should mention an
user friendly error message like "Cannot have access to this data" so that user will not try to dig the
information further.
2) Cite a situation in which the sensitivity of an aggregate is greater than that of its constituent
values. Cite a situation in which the sensitivity of an aggregate is less than that of its constituent
values. Example where aggregate data is having higher sensitivity can be easily found in the case of
financial transaction. An individual transaction may have little importance or significance on its
own. However collected history of transactions could reveal underlying pattern, other proprietary
information or even illegal

Advantages And Disadvantages Of BFSI Management
DLT–DRIVEN BFSI TECHNOLOGICAL CONVENTIONS INTRODUCTION Globally, the BFSI
sector is of immense prominence to the world economy as it generates over a third of global service
sector revenues. BFSI is standard–industry terminology for Banking, Financial Services &
Insurance, that spans across companies and banks that provide a wide range of financial products &
services, other than transaction settlement. Today, banks are being challenged over banking the
unbanked, credit disbursement, increasing number of non–performing assets, technological hurdles,
risk management and contingency planning... etc. Similarly, Insurance and other financial services
are facing challenges such as rural market penetration, pricing risks, transaction settlement issues, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The chain is a timeline of all transaction blocks as discussed above. This chain itself is a ledger that
records in real–time all events associated with the block and makes it publicly visible. A new block
can be added to the chain only when one of the network nodes (participant) successfully solves a
complex mathematical problem that often requires high computing power, and gains the right to add
the next block. These complex, algorithm–rich computations can also be called as proof–of–
work/stake computations, which make blockchain almost Sybil–resistant, and its decentralized
nature gives it a high–level of 'Byzantine Fault Tolerance'. Complex, algorithm–rich proof–of–work
computations also act as the 'consensus mechanism' that ensures a high–level of data integrity to the
transactions on blockchain and reduces chances of falsified entries. People who use high–
computational power to solve proof–of–work computations and add the blocks to the chain are
called miners in blockchain; they are also the network nodes. To briefly anatomize blockchain
transactions, transactions are initially encrypted and added to an online ledger. It is further sent into
the blockchain network where network nodes take them up in a block and solve complex proof–of–
work computations to add the next block onto the

Advantages And Disadvantages Of The DBMS System
ta are actually stored is described and entries and relationship among them.
View level: This is the highest level of abstraction at which one describes only part of the database.
ADVANTAGES OF RDBMS
Redundancy can be avoided
Inconsistency can be eliminated
Data can be Shared
Standards can be enforced
Security restrictions ca be applied
Integrity can be maintained
Conflicting requirements can be balanced
Data independence can be achieved.
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS A significant disadvantage of the DBMS system is cost. In addition
to the cost of purchasing of developing the software, the hardware has to be upgraded to allow for
the extensive programs and the workspace required for their execution and storage. While
centralization reduces duplication, the lack of duplication requires that the database be adequately
backed up so that in case of failure the data can be recovered.
FEATURES OF SQL SERVER (RDBMS) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most widespread use of multi–tier architecture is the three–tier architecture.
N–tier application architecture provides a model by which developers can create flexible and
reusable applications. By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of
modifying or adding a specific layer, instead of reworking the entire application. A Three–tier
architecture is typically composed of a presentation tier, a domain logic tier, and a data storage tier.
While the concepts of layer and tier are often used interchangeably, one fairly common point of
view is that there is indeed a difference. This view holds that a layer is a logical structuring
mechanism for the elements that make up the software solution, while a tier is a physical structuring
mechanism for the system

Information System Changed Ways Of Corporate Working
Information System Changed Ways of Corporate Working
Information technology refers to the use of computers, telecommunication, and related technologies
the gather, store, and process data into meaningful information that can be retrieved. Modern
businesses uses information technology to augment their processes in order to achieve cost
effectiveness and edge over rivals. Several information system vendors offers state of the art system
and equipment to deal with information and knowledge sharing needs of businesses. These
information systems are capable to easing operational burden which allow business to focus on other
organizational goals and objectives. Globalization, industrialization, international trade, and
business transformation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Information system can also enable workers across different hierarchies in organizational structure
to understand the common goals and objectives of the organization. A culture of advancement and
information sharing can boost the potentials of information system.
Organization, that has implement latest information system based on improve information
technological but do not possess the human skills to operate the system effective, would not able to
achieve its desired goals and objectives. In addition, culture of support and advancement would
support initiatives to achieve organizational objectives. Most important function of information
system is to sustain competitive advantage of organization by delivering organizational information
services. Organization determine trends of competitors and customers by employing competitive
intelligence. IS aims to enhance decision making quality along with change management, customer
relations and optimized efficiency.
Functions of Information System
It is interesting to consider that information management system works out specific problem of
organization. Likewise, particular functional department develops its own system or application in
accordance with its needs. For example, companies develop their dedicated information system
related to functional departments say accounting, finance, manufacturing, operations handling,
marketing and human

Legal Supplement For Give You Fit Body Essay
Legal Supplement To Give You Fit Body
There is lot of questions about best human growth hormone supplement to lose weight and to build
muscle in faster way. As a solution, people mostly prefer steroid supplement. It has proven to be
dangerous and also often illegal. HGH supplements are safe and also legal. It is not only available
for body builders. In order to use as a product to get rid of weight loss, a product needs to be safe. In
this way, Genf20 plus has been lying as most competitive product. As this product is said to derive
more benefits, its reviews are very nicely written. HGH supplements are free from actual hormones.
They are designed with the aim as to increase the natural hormone production. Though more number
of products is being available to achieve the same purpose, the method of preparation varies. HGH
supplements are made up of natural herbs, not with chemicals. This will not come under the
category of steroid. Its ingredients stay as the proof for it. In order to buy the product, doctor's
prescription is not necessary. Benefits caused by this supplement may look similar to steroid based
therapy. This benefits may be same, risks are not same as steroid.
Filled With Useful Ingredients:
The genf20 ingredients are effective and trusted. It is one of the most researched products which
exhibit more benefits. It is not as same as product which is filled with normal sugar. It is really
different from supplements which just give ingredients in the label. It is

Ibm Db2 vs Oracle
For this week 's paper I have chosen to do a comparison between IBM 's DB2 database management
system (DBMS) product and Oracle. Realistically, making such a comparison is akin to discussing
religion with friends. Each person will have their own biases based on their own experiences.
Looking for an unbiased opinion is much like looking for the Holy Grail, every bit as speculative
and subjective with the results jaundiced by the outlook of the reporter (Lim, 2002).
A decision between DB2 and Oracle should be based on what resources are available for use at the
site. Is there specific hardware or software already onsite that can or will be used in the installation,
if so this will have a major impact on the decision making process. Does the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Then the TPC can produce benchmarks to measure transaction processing and database
performance. Typical performance measures are transactions per second and transactions per minute
on a given system and database (Chigrik, 2003).
For Online Transaction Processing (OLTP), the TPC–C benchmark is the most current and is the
standard that DBMS 's are measured against. When Oracle 9i and IBM DB2 v8.1 were ran head to
head processing the same transactions, Oracle held all of the top 5 spots in the TPC–C. Unless an
organization runs a very large database, the key areas that Oracle won the TPC–C benchmarks on
won 't matter to the same degree as they would in for a large database. Newer versions of both
RDBMS have made the field more competitive with the top five positions split between them,
Oracle holding only three of five currently (TPC, 2005).
With a statistical dead heat in performance except in very large databases, pricing becomes an issue
for both DBMS. Comparing the standard edition of Oracle 9i to the workgroup edition of DB2 v8.1,
Oracle is double the cost all the way from one processor up to thirty two. When comparing Oracle 9i
Enterprise Edition to DB2 Enterprise Edition v8.1; pricing for Oracle is just slightly less than double
that of DB2 until you go above four processors then difference shifts

Computer Management System And Its Impact On Business...
1.2 According to David Ingram (2015) CMS refers to systems and processes to collect data from
different sources in order to present information in a more understandable layout. Beynon–Davies
(2015,p.2) argues Computer management system it's extremely significant for business activities
overall, because for businesses data it's the most powerful factor as information its critical to create
competiveness among private sector, as through systems information organisations are always aware
of anything related to sales, orders, stock control and records , and this information it's what it
contributes for businesses realisation overall due to the ability that each systems has on gathering up
to date data. CMS minimizes overload data, because the system has the ability to modify the larger
amount of information data by summarizing everything in order to avoid managers to get confused
and get flooded with exhaustive details (Management hub,2016). CMS function at some point its
mainly to focus on helping organisations functions such forecasting ,payroll or costing to develop
more efficiently, as CMS role is to make sure that only correct information its collected from
different sources and then processed and delivered to the right departments , because MIS function
is to fulfil managers necessities at all levels (Role of the management information systems,2012).
For example MC Donald's uses CIS to look after financial management, inventory management
,forecasting, time and

Annotated Bibliography On Database Algorithms
Replication: An approach to enhance
consistency in large Database clusters.
Ayyapa Reddy Pasam, ayyappayouth@gmail.com
Abstract
Database systems implemented in parallel computers is
called Database clustering. Clustering Databases provides us
with an advantage of Cost effectiveness. "A grouping of
related items stored together for efficiency of access and
resource utilization." In Relational Database the notion of
clustering is straight forward. The physical clustering of data
in this environment is extremely important to database
performance since the architecture of RDBMS systems is
heavily server–centric. In this we describe the Advantages
done for clustering through replication. The ways in which
Replication ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The process of creating and managing duplicate
versions of a database. Replication not only copies a
database but also synchronizes a set of replicas that changes

made to one replica are reflected in all the others. One good
feature of the replication is User can access the Local copy
of old version of database even if it is updated. Replication
is often good method of data access in database. By the
concept of replication in clusters, even if single cluster is
destroyed it does not affect all the clusters. Each cluster is
independent of other clusters. They function using their own
hardware interfaces. A replication service is required to
Maintain data consistency across these diverse
environments. Distribution reduces the network costs for
query access, and it improves application availability and
consistency. In this we first discuss about cluster
architecture, replication, types in the next section,
Implementation of replication, Tools available in next
section, problems with replication, how to overcome those
problems and ensure consistency.
2. Multi master cluster architecture
Coming to this architecture, it consists of group of N nodes
which indeed are clusters each having connection to a fast
network. Let us know about node interior.
Request router takes care of user requests. User
authentication is done at the request router. It takes care of
routing the user requests to specific application

A Computerized Payroll System
Abstract
1.0 Introduction 1–1
1.1 Statement of the Problem 1–1
1.2 Current state of the Technology 1–2–1–4
1.3 Objectives 1–5
1.3.1 General Problem 1–5
1.3.2 Specific Problem 1–5 – 1–6
1.3.3 General Objectives 1–6
1.3.4 Specific Objectives 1–6 – 1–7
1.3.5 Scope and Limitations 1–7 – 1–9
2.0 Theoretical Framework 2–1
2.1 Introduction 2–1
2.2 Database Management 2–2
2.3 Information System 2–2
2.4 Transaction Processing System 2–3
2.5 Computer 2–3
2.5.1 Hardware 2–3
2.5.2 Software 2–4
2.5.3 Microsoft Access 2–4
2.5.4 Microsoft Word 2–4
3.0 A Computerized Payroll System for Arias Garments 3–1
3.1. Introduction 3–1
3.2 System Design ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Failure to manage a payroll effectively may cause many problems for the company and its
employees. It could mean loss of money, integrity, and trust between both parties.
Oftentimes, it takes many hours of work and manpower to get the job done. In certain cases,
effective payroll management is compromised by the lack of an effective system. Most companies
may have enough manpower and resources. However, with an effective information technology,
managing a payroll will be simpler, cost–effective, timely and reliable.
One of the companies that use manual payroll system is the Arias Garments. It was established last
September 18, 1994 at #88 Bargy. Latag, Lipa City, under the management of Mr. Alex Arias
together with his wife Mrs. Anita Carol Katigbak. It started with only forty machines and ten
employees. The capital of Arias Garments is Php 500,000.00. By 1996, Arias Garments became the

subcontractor of Champan Garments. Champan Garments produce and transport products like Gap,
Banana Republic, Old Navy, Tommy, and Hilfinger.
As of now, Arias Garments have 176 machines and 100 employees (40 regular and 60 contractual).
8:00AM is the time–in of employees, 4:00PM is the time out, and they consider 8:15AM as late.
Employees who are late or either log–out earlier than 4:00PM will have a deduction on their wages
(deduction is 0.61 per minutes late or under time). First offense, for late and employees who under
time, will be given

Advantages And Disadvantages Of DDBMS
Contents:
1. Classification of DDBMS
2. Distributed Database Architecture
Introduction
Distributed database brings the advantages of distributed computing to the database management
domain. A distributed computing system consists of the number of processing elements that are
connected in the computer network which performing certain tasks.
Classification of DDBMS:
1. Distributed Fragmentation and Replication
2. Degree of homogeneity/Heterogeneity
3. Degree of autonomy
4. Degree of Distribution transparencies
5. DDBMS query processing and optimization
6. DDBMS concurrent control
7. DDBMS Transaction processing
Distributed Database Architecture
Database is distributed at the DBMS
In a distributed database system (DDS), multiple Database Management Systems run on multiple
servers (sites or nodes) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This copy of the data item is where all locks are applied. The concurrency controller should look to
this copy to determine if any locks are held.
Several variations of distinguished copy:
1. All distinguished copies reside on the same node: Primary Site
2. Distinguished copies may reside on different sites: Primary Copy
There are problems with this approach: o What if the primary site fails or if the node where the
primary copy resides fails? o One solution is to designate a backup site that will automatically take
over. o Another solution is to "elect" a new primary site/copy.
Another overall approach (aside from distinguished copy), is to use a Voting protocol: To lock a data
item:
0. Send a message to all nodes that maintain a replica of this item.
1. If a node can safely lock the item, then vote "Yes", otherwise, vote "No".
2. If a majority of participating nodes vote "Yes" then the lock is granted.

3. Send the results of the vote back out to all participating sites.
With the voting approach, nodes can fail and recover while allowing transaction processing to

Case study week 3
Aaron Blakey
Professor Phillip O 'Meally
Survey of Software Systems
26 July 2015
Week 3 Questions Assignment
1. Describe the difference between transactional and analytical information, and determine which of
these types Spotlight used to identify its 10 tribes.
The difference between transactional and analytical information is that transactional is a current
transaction, whereas analytical looks at long term trends. In order to identify people as one of ten,
Spotlight uses analytical information. Analytical information is so important because with it,
companies are able to organize and analyze their data. Transactional data is important also, and is
necessary to help businesses make short term and immediate decisions to alter current ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Partial information only refers to a small part of the picture, and thus is incomplete. In order to put
anything into any sort of database, information should always be complete. Consistency is important
and you may have noticed it in use by websites. When you 're asked to input a phone number and it
won 't let you continue unless the amount of characters are met, and you are also unable to input any
number higher than the normal amount of

Snapshot Isolation And There Validation Steps For Update...
TERM REPROT
SNAPSHOT ISOLATION
Abstract:
This paper mainly describes about the snapshot isolation and there validation steps for update
transactions and serializability issues of snapshot isolation. To maintain more than one version of a
data items it can possible to permit a single transaction to read an existing version of a data item
rather than the more update version created by an uncommitted transaction or by a transaction that
ought to come later in serialization order. To obtain this there are different types of multi–version
concurrency control techniques one of those techniques which widely used in the real world is
snapshot isolation. It has been used by major database management system to obtain high
throughput. It also provides better performance than the serialzability so it's gained wide acceptance
in commercial and open source systems such as Oracle, SQL, PostgreSQL, Interbase, Firebird.
Introduction:
Snapshot isolation is a multi–version concurrency control that is very popular and intensely utilized.
The snapshot isolation technique was first introduced by the critique of ANSI isolation levels in a
paper in 1995. The work on multi–version concurrency control which derived snapshot isolation.
Multi–version concurrency is nothing but every transaction is conceded consistent views of the data
from the transaction begin and the database will use the existing version of the data to guarantee
isolation level is achieved without locking the data. According to

Essay on Week 8 Case Study: Database Development
Running head: DATABASE DEVELOPMENT
Week 8 Case Study: Database Development
Professor – Dr. Hossein Besharatian
CIS 512
September 14, 2013
Table of Contents
Abstract This paper defines the Software Development Life Cycle phases specifically the Waterfall
method with a review of tasks to improve the quality of datasets throughout the cycle. It includes
recommendations of actions to be performed for full optimization for enhancing performance from
data quality assessment. Although full optimization may be reached throughout the process of
SDLC, continued maintenance must be in sued to properly retain the database error–free and
protected. An evaluation of three methods and activities to ensure maintenance ... Show more
Automating process controls to ensure systems correctly process and record information. (FFIEC IT
Examination Handbook InfoBase – Design Phase., n.d.). Quality management techniques that
improve quality assessments include error detection, process control, and process design. These
processes detect missing values, improve recurring errors, and help optimize effeciency. (Even, A.,
& Shankaranarayanan, G., 2009).
Three Maintenance Plans and Three Activities to Improve Data Quality Three types of maintenance
plans include: preventative, corrective, and adaptive maintenance which improve the data quality.
Activities to improve data quality include database backups, integrity checks, optimizing the index.
Preventative maintenance incorporates creating and continuously maintaining daily and/or weekly
backups for data loss prevention, corrective maintenance ensures system errors are corrected. One
activity associated to corrective maintenance includes resolving deadlocks, which occurs when two
or more tasks permanently block each other. Adaptive maintenance includes enhancing system and
database performance via based on utility assessments and optimized queries to improve
performance. (Coronel, Morris, & Rob., 2013).
Methods for Planning Proactive Concurrency Control and Lock Granularity Concurrency issues
revolve around conflicts that occur when simultaneous tasks are performed on multiple systems, the
conflict may cause

Bitcoin Essay
Around 1,200 years ago, the pound sterling was created. Serving Great Britain and its territories to
this present day, it is one of the most traded currencies in the world. Some 1,000 years later, the
dollar came in to existence followed by the Euro at the turn of the millennium. In 2008, a new
paradigm, Bitcoin, reared its head into the world economy. Bitcoin sets itself apart from the
aforementioned currencies because it doesn't exist; it is one of many digital currencies, albeit the
most popular by far. Bitcoin is a private, peer–to–peer cryptocurrency that is slowly gaining
prominence. Sitting at over 16 million bitcoins in circulation, the question must be asked whether
Bitcoin should be seriously considered as a viable currency as it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This verification–reward system is both a method for maintaining the integrity of bitcoin
transactions and also a way to introduce more bitcoins into the system at a metered rate. Bitcoin,
then, is a system which may be intended for clients: those who transact bitcoin with other users and
companies, and verifiers: who confirm these transactions in hopes of earning more bitcoin (Barber
et al. 409). Once obtained, bitcoins behave as normal currency in that they can be used to purchase
goods from vendors who accept it, or exchanged for another currency. Those who are convinced that
Bitcoin will become popular believe so because Bitcoin offers a number of unique benefits over
conventional currency. Bitcoin is not controlled by any governments, banks, or authorities,
appealing to those who prefer a freely–traded currency. In Bitter to Better – How to Make Bitcoin a
Better Currency, the paper's authors explain that, "such a decentralized system guarantees that no
single entity, no matter how initially benevolent, can succumb to the temptation or be coerced by a
government into subverting it for its own benefit" (Barber et al. 400). Bitcoin transactions are also,
by design, quickly irreversible, preventing credit card fraud. (Barber et al. 401). Yunyoung Hur, in
Investigation into the Market Viability of Bitcoin: Measuring the Digital Currency's Speculative
Nature, adds to the list of benefits including, "[Bitcoin's] instant

Request For Online Student Registration System
Request for Proposal for Online Student Registration System By
Sunil Kumar Kandanuru ID–1059809
Arun Teja Tiyyagura ID– 1053771
Contents:
Project Summary: Project description:
 Introduction and Scope
 Technical Aspects
 Architectural Analysis
Plan of Work:
 Layers and their design
 Database Approach
 Database Design
 Diagrams (ER, Schema and Dataflow Diagrams)
 Web forms development
 Project Implementation Flow
 Testing
 Learning
Conclusion
Project Summary: Field of education over the years has seen lot of revolutionary implementations
which entirely updated it to an easily approachable platform. The mode of education which began in
a classroom with benches ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Automation of this process focuses mainly on developing a web interactive site/application for the

prospective students to perform their college activities on the go like registration process, keeping in
track with their day to day course schedules, view course work materials online, make financial
transactions securely, view their semester results and registering for upcoming semester. Team
Member Contribution:
 The architectural design of implementation and Dataflow, ER diagrams and database approach is
developed by Arun Teja.
 Database physical implementation and ASP.NET (From Design), C# coding and documentation
are developed by Sunil Kumar.
2.Technical Aspects:
There are couple of Microsoft served technologies utilized in automating the registration process.
Below are the details of the same
2.1 Front End:
ASP.NET, C# and JQuery
2.2 Development IDE:
Microsoft Visual Studio 2012 Ultimate
2.3Back End:
SQL Server 2012
2.4 DB Window:
SQL Server 2012 Management Studio
Plan of Work:
1. Architectural Analysis:
In the present technological stand point, almost all of the business organizations implemented their
own web services for their customers to make the services easily accessible at their finger tips on
internet. Most of us are making financial transactions online without worrying much about the
fraudulent practices. This context has gained lot of importance in the design and architectural phases
of any application or website development tending to keep their

Database and Page Ref
Database Processing, 13e (Kroenke/Auer)
Chapter 9: Managing Multiuser Databases
1) Database administration tasks have to be performed for single–user, personal databases.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 396
2) Database administration is more important but less difficult in multiuser database systems than in
single–user database systems.
Answer: FALSE
3) In general, the overall responsibility of the DBA is to facilitate the development and use of the
database system.
Answer: TRUE
4) The DBA has to find a balance between the conflicting goals of maximizing availability of the
database to users and protecting the database.
Answer: TRUE
5) The DBA ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 403–404
31) The transaction boundaries are the essential information that the DBMS needs from the
application programs to enforce different locking strategies.
Answer: TRUE
32) A durable transaction is one for which all committed changes are permanent.
Answer: TRUE

33) Transaction level consistency means that all rows impacted by any actions in a transaction are
protected from change during the entire transaction.
Answer: TRUE
34) A dirty read happens when one transaction reads a changed record that has not been committed
to the database.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 407–408 Fig 9–11
35) Nonrepeatable reads occur when a transaction rereads data it has previously read and finds
modifications or deletions caused by a committed transaction.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 407–408 Fig 9–11
36) Repeatable Read isolation is the most restrictive level of isolation.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 408 Fig 9–12
37) According to ANSI SQL, the serializable isolation level will not allow phantom reads, dirty
reads, and nonrepeatable reads.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 408 Fig 9–12
38) A static cursor processes a snapshot of the relation that was taken when the cursor was opened.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref:

Essay about Design of a Reconfigurable Hybrid Database System
Design of a Reconfigurable Hybrid Database System.
"Disc Resident database systems (DRDBS)" are conventional databases systems in which data is
permanently stored on discs. In "Main Memory Database Systems (MMDBS)", the databases are
stored onto the main memory. As the memory locations can be accessed directly using addresses,
they allow very fast access to the data stored on them. They show better throughput in processing
transactions and respond much more quickly than DRDBS. Because of the fast data access, the
performance of MMDBS tends to rely on the computing power of the machine being used. In
"Reconfigurable Hardware Database Systems (RHWDBS)" transaction processing speeds are
boosted using reconfigurable computing platforms that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Execution plan further has various sub–execution plans for targeting any of the three execution
engines. These are forwarded to the "Scheduler", which allocates when each of the operations are to
start executing on their respective engines keeping interdependencies in view. The execution plans
wait for their turn in a queue in the scheduler, from where they are directed to the execution engines.
The Storage Management component manages access to data sources (data dictionary, records from
tables, logs, index data and backup etc.). Common transcation processing tasks are performed by the
Transaction Management unit. When data is requierd during transactions, the Transaction
Management unit sends requests to the Storage Management component, which in–turn provides the
data's location's address.
The research paper being summarized only explains the "Reconfigurable Hardware execution
engine (RHW–EXE)" (Figure 3). The other two are "Main Memory Execution Engine (MM–EXE)"
and the "Disc Resident Execution Engine (DR–EXE)".
Data enters RHW–EXE through the Execution Controller component from the Scheduler. The
scheduler forwards it a "data–flow" graph,using which the execution controller can orchestrate its
execution. All of this then is passed onto the "Re–/configuration Controller" as transformed
sequential instructions. This controller configures the hardware algorithms of the operators. The
Controller can perform placement,

Five Characteristics Of High Quality Information To Zillow
Justification
The Importance of the Five Characteristics of High–Quality Information to Zillow
According to Baltzan (2012), the five common characteristics of high–quality information are
accurate, complete, consistent, timely, and unique. The data is accurate when the value is correct, it
is complete when there is no missing values such as missing state or zip code. The data is consistent
when looking at different views arrive at the same total, e.g. the aggregated total agree with the total
of the individual items. The data is timely when it is current with respect to the business needs, such
as with weekly, daily, or hourly frequency. It is unique when there is no duplication of data.
Based on Zillow's business needs of presenting accurate, up–to–date data to the users, the order of
importance of these five characteristics to Zillow (from high to low level of importance) would be
accurate, timely, consistent, complete, and unique. Accuracy can be assured when Zillow takes data
from reliable authenticated sources (e.g. the land office), and timeliness can be assured with daily
updates (or hourly where applicable). Consistency can be assured with a proper design of the
database structure, and the presentation layer. Completeness and uniqueness could something be
missed, as data completeness depends on the availability of the information provide by home
owners to the land office, and some amount of attributes might be missing. Uniqueness of data is a
challenge when some

Analysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval...
1. Functions of a Database Management System
Database Management System (DBMS) Information Retrieval System (IRS)
Storage, Access And Provide
DBMS provide services such as storage, access and update data in the database. Acquisition of the
necessary and appropriate documents.
Provide Free Catalog
DBMS provides a catalog that contains information about the data and catalogs that can be accessed
by users. Preparation and representation of the content of those in documents.
Supports Transactions
The transaction is a unit of work that contains several commands up–date the data. Coding of the
content indicators.
Concurrency control
Database Management System (DBMS) to ensure accurate updated database correctly if many users
update the database simultaneously. Organized storage of those documents and their indicators in
separate files.
Recovery From Failure System
Database Management System (DBMS) provides facilities to restore the database in the event of
damage Development of operational search strategies.
Authorization Services
The facility is to ensure that the right people are allowed to achieve its data. Physical dissemination
of the retrieval result.
Utility Services
Facilities for maintaining databases through data editing, deletion of records, build new files and so
on.
Integrity Services
Change data must follow the constraints or conditions that have been determined. This facility is to
maintain data consistency.
2. 0 Differences between

A Survey On Nosql Database And Relational Database
ABSTRACT
MIN HE. A survey on NoSQL database and relational database. (Under the direction of DR.
JIANPING FAN)
NoSQL database, also called as not only SQL database, is using a different data storage and retrieval
mechanism from the relational tables adopted by traditional relational database management system.
In the sense of CAP (Consistency, availability and tolerance) theorem, NoSQL database sacrifices
some consistency features to get more availabilities and partition tolerances. In most cases, NoSQL
database systems are distributed and parallel, although the RDBMS is still dominating the database
market, the NoSQL databases are becoming more and more popular and in a tendency of catching
up, especially in the domains of SNS and major Internet companies, which requires large–scale data
storage for massively–parallel data processing across a large number of commodity servers. The
purpose of this report is to understand main characteristics of the NoSQL database and compare the
strengths and weaknesses of NoSQL databases over the RDBMS. NoSQL database has witnessed
rapid development since it was first used by Carlo Strozzi in 1998. Various systems were
implemented by using different approaches: column, document, key–value, graph, etc. In this report,
I will also present the main features of those different models and compare their advantages and
disadvantages. Introduction Not only the development of Big Data brings big opportunities, but it
also brings big

A Report On Relational Databases
NoSQL was created in the response to relational databases not being able to handle the scale and
changing challenges of modern applications, they also cannot take advantage of the cheap, easy
storage abilities and also the processing power accessible now. NoSQL includes a variety of
different technologies that were developed in response to the surge of data stored by users, objects
and products. They were also developed to contend with the rising frequency that the data is
accessed and the performance and processing needs. [7]
NoSQL databases can be set into different categories such as
Document databases – Document databases pair each key with a complex data structure known as a
document. Documents can contain many different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The architecture used by NoSQL databases allows for the databases to be scaled efficiently rather
than the more strict architecture found in relational databases.
Pros and Cons
When comparing the benefits to downfalls of both SQL and NoSQL, there are 6 areas which need to
be looked at. These are how the systems allow for querying, how transactions are carried out, the
consistency the systems offer, how saleable they are, also how easily managed the systems are and
finally the schemas which are used by the systems.
SQL based databases support a ever expanding set of languages for queries, as well as the a massive
number of filters, sorting options, projections and index queries. NoSQL on the other hand allows
for all this as well but does not have the more powerful aggregation options which are available to
SQL based databases.
Transactions allow for changes to be made to databases and atomicity ensures that these changes are
done entirely. Having atomically made changes guaranties that these changes are never done
partially, this is important because without it multiple users could make transactions relating to the
same data and be working with different result causing data to be lost or new data being created,
some NoSQL platforms do not support transactions but most SQL platforms do.
Following the atomicity of the transactions consistency is also a big part of both types of platforms.
MySQL

Sidpers
STANDARD INSTALLATION DIVISION PERSONNEL SYSTEM (SIDPERS) SECURITY
PLAN
Gladys Turnbull
Submitted to: Professor Kevin Reynolds
SEC 574 Database Security
Keller Graduate School of Management
Submitted: 22 August 2012
Abstract: SIDPERS Security Plan developed for the Virgin Islands National Guard is procedural
protection of this highly sensitive database holding the personnel records of over 960 active service
members and over 10,000 retirees' skeleton military personnel records. It is with great err on caution
that we recommend and enforce the highest level of tiered defense in depth security measure to
maintain the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of this data; because we know its'
compromise and/or loss will reap ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other security elements are in reference to data recovery, database administration, handling a breach
in security and administrative security policies such as access procedure, employee transfer and
excessive user access. As I assume the role of the chief security officer, database designer, database
administrator, and chief applications designer this project is very important to the armed services
and the Virgin Islands National Guard as we strive to provide global security. II. Architecture and
Operating System Considerations
SIDPERS Architecture
The database runs on the Oracle 11g platform and the CIO has task me to prepare a responsive
database security plan. If personnel data is compromise identity theft can ensue and millions of
dollars will be lost in repairing the wronged individual and rebuilding soldiers' confidence in
Department of Defense commitment to protecting their private information. It is not just the soldier
information stored here but every dependent information and legal responsibility of single soldiers.
The Standard Installation Division Personnel System Version 3 (SIDPERS–3) is a Standard Army
Management Information System developed in 1991 with more automated personnel actions than
ever before. The system consists of a relational data base, application software written in Ada, and a
hardware suite. The hardware architecture is a host–based design with a

Recovery System Dbms
17. Recovery System in DBMS – Presentation Transcript 1. Chapter 17: Recovery System * Failure
Classification * Storage Structure * Recovery and Atomicity * Log–Based Recovery * Shadow
Paging * Recovery With Concurrent Transactions * Buffer Management * Failure with Loss of
Nonvolatile Storage * Advanced Recovery Techniques * ARIES Recovery Algorithm * Remote
Backup Systems 2. Failure Classification * Transaction failure : * Logical errors : transaction cannot
complete due to some internal error condition * System errors : the database system must terminate
an active transaction due to an error condition (e.g., deadlock) * ... Show more content on
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* Buffer blocks are the blocks residing temporarily in main memory. * Block movements between
disk and main memory are initiated through the following two operations: * input ( B ) transfers the
physical block B to main memory. * output ( B ) transfers the buffer block B to the disk, and
replaces the appropriate physical block there. * Each transaction T i has its private work–area in
which local copies of all data items accessed and updated by it are kept. * T i 's local copy of a data
item X is called x i . * We assume, for simplicity, that each data item fits in, and is stored inside, a
single block. 8. Data Access (Cont.) * Transaction transfers data items between system buffer blocks
and its private work–area using the following operations : * read ( X ) assigns the value of data item
X to the local variable x i . * write ( X ) assigns the value of local variable x i to data item { X } in
the buffer block. * both these commands may necessitate the issue of an input (B X ) instruction
before the assignment, if the block B X in which X resides is not already in memory. * Transactions
* Perform read ( X ) while accessing X for the first time; * All subsequent accesses are to the local
copy. * After last access, transaction executes write ( X ). * output ( B X ) need not immediately
follow write ( X ).

Relational Table : Relational Tables
Relational Tables:
The relation between numbers of tables in a database is called Relational tables.
By using relational tables we can perform join operations on database tables and get optimized
results which are required.
Relational tables solve the joining of table's problem by verifying the combination of primary and
foreign key in the tables being joined.
I used these relational tables in assignments like working with chinook database, where the queries
are written for optimizing various results by joining tables.
Joining of tables in SQL Databases we generally use these concepts. Data Retrieval form database
by comparing different tables these concept is very helpful.
These concept goes down where the joining is applied on very large ... Show more content on
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Using of Index values where the size of database increases for storing these values separately and
separate handling should be there for these values when alter to a data occurs.
Altering of data may be update, delete or change of the complete structure of table.
Covering Index:
A Covering Index contains possibly more, the columns you need for your query to perform faster.
A covering index is that which contains all the data needed for a query and original table is never
needed to be consulted.
Covering index solve the problem of more tables in database and query search delays.
These is achieved by creating a covering index, where tables are combined into one with common in
between both and the new column is also given as index value.
These concept I used when performing assignments of TODO.
Good for reducing the size of Database that is optimization by reduction. Also bad thing is creation
of another table for maintaining these index values.
Foreign Key: Foreign key is a constraint that is used to enforce exists relationship between tables.
These Foreign key is enforced on a table while creation itself where it simplify that it is creating an
connection between two tables as its importing the data properties.
Foreign key constraint has an exception if the table in which the key is primarily defined is NULL
then the table corresponding to it should have entry.
We used these concept in very

Computerizimg the Regitration Process at Universities
The University Student Registration System: a Case Study in Building a High–Availability
Distributed Application Using General Purpose Components
M. C. Little, S. M. Wheater, D. B. Ingham, C. R. Snow, H. Whitfield and S. K. Shrivastava
Department of Computing Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU,
England.
Abstract
Prior to 1994, student registration at Newcastle University involved students being registered in a
single place, where they would present a form which had previously been filled in by the student
and their department. After registration this information was then transferred to a computerised
format. The University decided that the entire registration process was to be computerised for the
Autumn of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The high availability requirement implies that the computerised registration system must be able to
tolerate a 'reasonable' number of machine and network related failures, and the consistency
requirement implies that the integrity of stored data (student records) must be maintained in the
presence of concurrent access from users and the types of failures just mentioned. It was expected
that most human errors, such as incorrectly inputting data, would be detected by the system as they
occurred, but some "off–line" data manipulation would be necessary for errors which had not been
foreseen. Tolerance against catastrophic failures (such as complete electrical power failure, or a fire
destroying much of the University infrastructure) although desirable, was not considered within the
remit of the registration system. A solution that would require the University buying and installing
specialist fault–tolerant computing systems, such as Tandem [1] or Stratus [2] was not considered
economically feasible. The only option worth exploring was exploiting the University 's existing
computing resources. Like most other universities, Newcastle has hundreds of networked computers
(Unix workstations, PCs, Macs) scattered throughout the campus. A solution that could make use of
these resources and achieve availability by deploying software–implemented fault–tolerance
techniques certainly looked attractive.

What Is A Database And Where Are They Used?
INTRODUCTION
Throughout the history of mankind, there has always been a need to record information. For
thousands of years 'physical' records were used, whether it be an Ancient Egyptian chiselling
hieroglyphics onto stone tablets in 4500BC, or a bank teller in the 1940's writing bank account deals
in a paper customer account book. It wasn't until 1956 that the first computer, the LEO 1 (Lyons
Electronic Office 1) was used for a commercial business application. It was a very simple system, it
was used by Ford Motors for payroll calculations as well as being used by the Met Office
(Wikipedia, 2015) Over the last 50 years since then computers have revolutionised businesses
allowing for billions of records to be stored and accessed in a ... Show more content on
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THE ADVANTAGES OF USING DATABASES WITHIN BUSINESSES
There are significant advantages to using databases in a business, especially in large companies. The
main benefit of databases is that they save time. With the use of a simple queries, millions of records
can be searches in a matter of seconds to give the information needed. Think about how long it
would take to go through a million paper records held in files.
Another great benefit is that the databases can be accessed by multiple users in multiple locations at
the same time. For instance, Specsavers may have 1700 branches across the UK, which need to
order frames from a central warehouse. In order to know if the frame a customer requires is in stock,
every branch needs to access the central database containing the stock values.
Furthermore the users of databases can be assigned restrictions as to what they can view and update,
which also relates to how databases can actually be a lot more secure than paper records with the use
of passwords and encryption.
THE RANGE OF THREATS TO A DATABASE
Although databases are an excellent tool for companies to utilise, they also have their drawbacks.
The most prevalent is unauthorised access, which can result in data be stolen or damaged, costing a
company huge sums of money. SONY has been victim to multiple security breaches recently, in the
most notable of which "hackers obtained some 100 terabytes of data

Comparing Relational Database And Data Storage Essay
Introduction
This paper will discuss the main difference between the relational database optimized for on line
transactions and a data warehouse optimized for processing and summarizing large amounts of data.
Next this author will outline the difference database requirements for operational data for decision
support data. Next this paper will describe three example in which databases could be used to
support decision making in a large organizational environment. Lastly this author will describe three
other examples in which data warehoused and data mining could be used to support data processing
and trend analysis in a large organizational environment.
Difference between Relational Database and Data Warehouse Optimized
What are the main differences between the structure of a relational database optimized for online
transactions versus a data warehouse optimized for processing and summarizing large amounts of
data? Relational database online transaction consist a unit of work performed within a database
management system and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions.
Many types of organization use this type of transaction, consumer use this type of transaction when
using their ATM. The short answer is, these types of transaction are great at collecting data. OLTP
are fast transactions recording process like sales transaction or ATM machines. Also, used in Health
Care recording patient information.
What is a data warehouse optimized for

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Database...
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
When we learning about Database Management System we have to learn their advantages and
disadvantages too. After many researches and developments DBMS become very flexible to use. So
there are many advantages using DBMS.
Let us see what are the advantages that using a DBMS.
 Data Independence :
It's not exposed data of Data representation and storage ideally in application program.
 Efficient Data access :
Using variety technical functions to store data efficient.
 Data Integrity and Security :
DBMS enforce integrity to get protection from prohibited access Data.
 Concurrent access and Crash Recovery : This help to users think that the data being access by one
person in one ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keep up to date with emerging database technologies.
Manage projects and contractors.
Supervising works of Data analyst
Above duties are the some of responcibliteas from Data Administrator Job roll.
DATABASE ADMINISTRATOR (DBA)
Database Administrators roles are depending with the type of database. He or She has to responsible
for the performance, security and integrity of the Database Management System. They are the
developers and designers of these Database Management Systems. As well as they are the trouble
shooters in these DBMS. As a Database Administrator he has to make sure some qualities in the
Database.
Data is clearly defined;
Users access data according to their needs;
Data remains consistent across the database;
Provision for data security and recovery control; are the qualities that DBA has to submit.
Now let us give our eye to Database Administrators job responsibilities,
Set up the needs of users and monitoring user access and security.
Managing parameters and monitoring performance to supply quick responses to front–end users.

Mapping out the conceptual design for a planned database.
Deliberating both back–end organization of data and front–end accessibility for

The Developmental History Of Nosql And The Fundamental...
Abstract
The demands on database technology have been ever expanding since its introduction in the 1960's.
Today traffic on the internet requires that millions upon millions of records be stored and queried
each second. Data must be highly available and quickly retrievable. These requirements put together
have given rise to new forms of database technologies collectively called "NoSQL" or "Not Only
SQL". NoSQL eschews the strict guidelines that govern the creation and function of traditional
relational databases. These guidelines are put aside in order to rise to the new demands of an
increasingly interconnected world. The rigorous standards and data definitions of relational
databases give way in order to provide the ability to rapidly ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
NoSQL is able to address the massive traffic loads experienced by database servers at corporations
that specialize in data processing like Google, Facebook and Amazon. NoSQL technologies can
provide near constant availability, massive user concurrency and lightning fast responses. There are
four primary NoSQL database implementation types being used today: document based, wide
column (or columnar), key–value and graph. The different properties of SQL and NoSQL databases
will be examined and an overview of each NoSQL implementation type along with an example will
be given.
ACID v. BASE: Eventual consistency Standard SQL databases adhere to what are commonly called
the "ACID" properties. This means that the database must be atomic, consistent, isolated and
durable. Atomic means that each attribute cannot be broken into sub groups. Consistent means that
the database displays only the latest data; there are no older versions of data present within the
database unless by design. Isolated means that no transactions will interfere with one another; i.e.
two concurrent users changing the same data in the database will not end with incorrect results; the
transactions will be processed separately. Durable means that once changes have been made they
will remain in place and not revert to their prior state (Pritchett, 2008). The ACID properties can be
crucial to certain business models; financial transactions might require

E-Commerce Transaction Transforming Framework
E–commerce Transaction Transforming Framework (ETTF) will give distinctive easy to use
interfaces for the clients and staff since their needs to get to the framework is diverse. The
framework stays informed regarding all the transactions made on the record. The computerized
charging framework produces month to month explanations for each one record and keeps record of
the installments and equalization levy on the record. For staying informed regarding all the client
administration demands and points of interest of the 4 move made, the framework gives a novel
client administration number to every client. The social database that secures all these information
might be gotten to by the managerial staff and the client administration agents through structure
based interfaces. The Robotization of Online transaction handling includes 5 modules to be dealt
with. They are 1) Recognizable proof 2) Capability 3) Assignment 4) EMI 5) Catch up and
conclusion Suspicions that are included in the online transaction handling framework and issues
general guidelines, security governs, and contracts of the installment passages organizations must be
taken after actualizing every single interface. In the case that Open bravo POS peruses the Visa data,
the card numbers and other installment data should not be put away for all time in the database.
After a transaction has been acknowledged or rejected all the installment data must be erased; just
the transaction ID must be put away. In the

Document Information & Sign Off Sheet
JUBILEE INSURANCE
Use of Actisure Medical Accounting.
Alfred Kipruto
4/30/2015
Document Information & Sign–off Sheet
About this Document: This document identifies the current system challenges and proposals on the
way forward on the Actisure receipting and payment.
Author: Alfred K. Kipruto – Project Manager Financial Systems
Related Documents:
Revision History: Version Changed By Date Revision Description 1.0 Alfred Kipruto 10th April
2015. 1.1 Alfred Kipruto 29th April 2015.
Document Approval: Name Title Date Signature James Muritu Group IT Manager Selvaraj Chelliah
Head of Applications, IT. Julius Orayo Regional Head of CSG, Project Manager – Actisure System.
Johannes Kitaka CFO
Distribution: Name Title Version Date
1. Introduction
The report captures the findings and interface gaps on the current usage of Sun System, Actisure,
Medis and Ilanga systems compared to the potential benefits envisaged if medical receipting and
payments were done wholly under one core system i.e. Actisure.
This report puts forwards the justification for consolidating all the medical receipting and payments
processing into the core medical system, to improve the efficiency of operations and eliminate most
of the manual related processes in the current scenario. The Actisure Medical system already has the
accounting functionalities within itself, thus it will be beneficial to utilize these functions and
eventually improve

Online Reservation System and Booking
Chapter I
Introduction
Rationale of the Study
Every problem has a solution. In order to come up with a good
solution, the root of the problem has to be determined. The scope of
the problem must be established well before making the first few steps
of the study. One has to get a hold of the basic theories and principles
regarding the problem, justify the impact of the problem to the
society, and consider the future customers of that "would–be "solution.
Before designing solutions, related literature must be examined first.
This may ease off confusion as to where and how to start. Lastly, a
standard and appropriate methodology must guide everything until the
solution is achieved.
Technology has gone a long way, improving ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The proponents make use of some tools
and techniques to build the project. The system uses Graphical User
Interface(GUI) to help the user give instruction to the computer. The
system once implemented it will solve the most common problems

that the Hotels encounter.
Features:
– online reservation
– add/edit/delete guest reservation information
– prepaid card
– reloadable
– guest account numbers
– generate monthly sales income(reports)
Objectives of the project
The goal of the study is to analyze, design, develop and implement a online reservation system for
Sogo Hotel that will help improve the current system. This study aims to solve the problem with low
guest occupancy of the hotel by offering affordable and accessible online reservation prepaid
system.
Specifically, this study aims to create a reservation system that offers the following:
1. to increase the number of hotel guests;
2. to lessen the time consumed during reservation.
3. to highly integrate data.
4. to spend less time in searching and retrieving of files.
5. to create monthly sales report; and
6. to keep up with competitors by cater wider markets.
Scope and limitation of the project
The study focuses only on the hotel reservation system area, both the server and the client. For the
server, it tries to eliminate booking complexities through the use of an internet in doing a reservation
request, since

Cloud Database : A Shift Toward New Paradigm
Cloud Databases : A shift towards new paradigm.
ABSTRACT
.In this paper, we analyze the design choices that allowed modern scalable data management
systems to achieve orders of magnitude higher levels of scalability compared to traditional
databases. The challenge of building consistent, available, and scalable data management systems
capable of serving petabytes of data for millions of users has confronted the data management
research community as well as large internet enterprises. Current proposed solutions to scalable data
management, driven primarily by prevalent application requirements, limit consistent access to only
the granularity of single objects, rows, or keys, thereby trading off consistency for high scalability ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cash–strapped organizations look for alternatives which can reduce their capital investments
involved in purchasing and maintaining IT hardware and software so that they can get maximum
benefits of IT. Cloud computing (CC) becomes a natural and ideal choice for such organizations and
customers. Cloud computing takes benefit of many technologies such as server consolidation, huge
and faster storage, grid computing, virtualization, N–tier architecture and robust networks. It
delivers highly scalable and expensive infrastructure with minimal set up and negligible
maintenance cost. It provides IT–related services such as Software–as–a–Service, Development
Platforms–as–a–Service and Infrastructure–asa–Service over the network on–demand anytime from
anywhere on the basis of "pay–as–you–go" model. It is a fast growing concept changing the IT
related perceptions of its users. Elasticity, scalability, high availability, priceper–usage and multi–
tenancy are the main features of Cloud computing. It reduces the cost of using expensive resources
at the provider's end due to economies of scale. Quick provisioning and immediate deployment of
latest applications at lesser cost are the benefits which force people to adopt Cloud computing.
Cloud computing has brought a paradigm shift not in the technology landscape, but also in the
database landscape. With more usage of Cloud computing,

OIG: A Case Study
The Position of the OIG The OIG contends that the Individual intentionally violated the SNAP
program regulations, nine (9) occasions during the period of April 19, 2013 through March 14,
2014, by debiting her SNAP card in exchange for cash or non–food items through a vendor known
as P & C Deli. The total amount of the violating SNAP transactions was $1,390.66. The Department
is seeking recoupment of this amount and requesting that a twelve (12) month disqualification
period from the SNAP program be imposed. The OIG Representative called IMCWS, JG from the
Philadelphia County Assistance Office, as her first witness. He testified that he has received initial
training and periodically receives ongoing training in his position as IMCWS. His ... Show more
This is an analysis of all of the approved transactions completed in the EBT system for the vendor P
& C Deli. The store average was determined by calculating all of the approved SNAP transaction
amounts and dividing them by the amount of transactions made during that period. There were 7,458
transactions made during the trafficking period. The dollar amount of the total transactions made in
P & C Deli during April 1, 2013 through March 31, 2014 was $124,663.17. In the OIG Store
Analysis, the transactions were broken down into average transaction amount ranges from .01 to
$25.00 to $100.01 to $318.19. 3.3% of the store's transactions fell into the highest range; all nine (9)
of the Individual's transactions fell into this 3.3 % range. The OIG argues that this is another
indication of the Individual's involvement in SNAP

Software Modeling And Analysis Project
CSE 681 – Software Modelling and Analysis
Project #1
KEY/VALUE DATABASE
Operational Concept Document (OCD)
Version: 1.0
Saurabh Agrawal
SUID: 388519331
Date: 09–16–2015
Instructor: Dr. Jim
1 Executive Summary
Lately with the development of distributed computing, issues services that utilizes web and require
enormous amount of data come to forefront. For Organizations like Facebook and Google the web
has developed has a vast, distributed data repository for which handling by conventional DBMS is
not sufficient. Rather than extending on the hardware capabilities, a more realistic approach has
been accepted. Technically, it is an instance of scaling through dynamic adding servers from the
reasons increasing either information volume in the repository or the number of users of this
repository. In this scenario, the big data problem is frequently examined and in addition explained
on a technological level of web databases.
Dealing with this issue was more and more difficult using relational database technology. Pioneering
work from large companies generated tremendous interest and open source NoSQL database
projects formed to leverage the work of the pioneers. Today, the use of Key/Value database based on
NoSQL technology is increasingly viewed as a practical alternative to relational databases,
particularly as more organizations recognize that working at scale is all the more effectively
accomplished running on clusters of standard and a schema less data model

The Database Dilemma Essay
The Database Dilemma Personal privacy today is a controversial and complex topic, which is
influenced by a number of factors. There is an integral role that databases play in this highly debated
topic. The fact that many people now carry out their transactions electronically is another important
factor. There is also pressure on personal privacy for increased national security around the world to
combat terrorism. In addition, personal privacy is even threatened by commercial factors and the
Internet. Personal information can consist of anything from a home address, telephone number,
social security number, income, credit card history, etc, any piece of information that can be tied to a
distinct individual. Once personal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Databases allow us to easily store and retrieve data in a purely digital format. The strength of this is
that large amounts of data can be stored and retrieved with minimal effort on the part of the user.
Opposed to manually flipping through files, one can quickly pull up the requested data through a
computer program. Many systems that were conventionally paper and file based have been
converted to a digital format which are now stored in one or more databases. Databases can be used
by businesses for managing accounts, inventory, personnel information, customer information, and
any other record keeping needs. Phone companies have extensive databases for keeping track of
customer's calls for monthly statements, likewise with mobile phone companies. Banks transactions
are all recorded in databases. The DMV has records of all drivers and motor vehicles. IRS databases
contain income related information of everyone in the country. Ultimately, databases are
everywhere. One can only wonder how many records relating to you are stored across what is now a
forest of databases. The New Consumer During the past decade, we have undergone enormous
changes in the way that we conduct business. ATM check cards, credit cards, and preferred customer
cards are the most common buying tools today. Check, or debit, cards are ATM cards that function
just like cash. Customers can now make payments with their check cards

IBM DB2 vs Oracle Essay
For this week's paper I have chosen to do a comparison between IBM's DB2 database management
system (DBMS) product and Oracle. Realistically, making such a comparison is akin to discussing
religion with friends. Each person will have their own biases based on their own experiences.
Looking for an unbiased opinion is much like looking for the Holy Grail, every bit as speculative
and subjective with the results jaundiced by the outlook of the reporter (Lim, 2002).
A decision between DB2 and Oracle should be based on what resources are available for use at the
site. Is there specific hardware or software already onsite that can or will be used in the installation,
if so this will have a major impact on the decision making process. Does the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Oracle 9i comes in three versions enterprise, standard, and personal. Oracle also requires the
following patch levels on Windows operating systems (OS) for installation; Windows NT, service
pack (sp) 5; Windows 2000, sp 1; Windows XP, none needed. Oracle 9i is also available for HP
AIX, Compaq Tru64 Unix, Linux, and Sun Solaris (Chigrik, 2003).
The DB2 Universal Database v8.1 comes in six flavors, DB2 Enterprise Server Edition, DB2
Workgroup Server Edition, DB2 Workgroup Server Unlimited Edition, DB2 Personal Edition, DB2
Universal Developers Edition, and DB2 Personal Developers Edition. The following patch levels are
required based on the Windows OS it is installed on. Windows NT, sp 6a; Windows 2000, sp 2 is
required for terminal services; Windows XP, none. As with Oracle, DB2 is also available for the
following UNIX based OS's, AIX, Linux, Sun Solaris, and adds support for HP UX (Chigrik, 2003).
Performing a flat out performance comparison between these two RDBMS is difficult mostly
because both can be used to build a stable and efficient system. Most of the difference in
performance can usually be traced back to the developer and the administrators for the respective
systems. But, that said, a direct comparison is possible once a set of typical transactions have been
defined, that can then be run under the different DBMS on different hardware and software
platforms (Chigrik, 2003).
In fact, this is what has been done by the

Personal Trainer, Inc. Essay
Background
Personal Trainer, INC. is a success and fast growing fitness center. They operate many different
fitness facilities that offer different types of services. Not all fitness centers contain every service
offered. They are about to open a new fitness center that does offer all the services they provide,
including some new ones such as web based access for their customers. They are looking for a
services that will accompany and their needs to help their business run as smoothly as possible.
Business Functions and Processes:
Listed below are the different functions and their process in order for the new Personal Trainer, Inc.
to run successfully:
Accounts Payable: This account is responsible for making payments to suppliers.
Accounts Receivable: This count is responsible for receiving payments from memberships and
different services they provide.
Membership List: This list keeps track of all members of the gym and their information.
Microsoft Office: These collection of programs handles membership information and word
processing.
Exercise Area with Equipment: This area provides exercise service to its members. Equipment is
provided for members to be able to exercise.
Swimming Pool: The pool provides different services such as pool classes provided by Personal
Trainer, Inc., or just to swim. This service can be included in the membership price or paid
separately when utilized.
Child Care with Special Programs: Functions as a day care that also provides a

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