The document summarizes the anatomy and structure of the abdomen. It describes the abdominal cavity and layers of muscles that form the abdominal wall. It details the location of the major internal organs by abdominal quadrant. The liver, stomach, intestines, kidneys, spleen, and other organs are located and described. Variations in abdominal anatomy are discussed for infants, children, pregnant women, and aging adults.
This document provides guidance on performing a neurological examination. It outlines the components of the exam including mini-mental status testing, cranial nerve assessment, muscle strength testing, reflex testing, sensory function assessment, coordination tests, and gait observation. The cranial nerve assessment section describes how to test each of the 12 cranial nerves.
1) The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and describes methods for assessing cardiovascular status including health history, physical exam techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, and diagnostic tests.
2) The physical exam involves assessing things like vital signs, jugular vein pulsations, heart sounds and murmurs auscultated over the precordium.
3) Diagnostic tests discussed include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests and cardiac catheterization.
This document provides information on assessing the chest and lungs, including the functions of the respiratory system, anatomical structures and landmarks, examination techniques, normal and abnormal findings, and developmental variations. It describes ventilation, diffusion, gas exchange, and breathing control. Topics covered include inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, breath sounds, and examining infants, children, pregnant patients and older adults. Videos are referenced for demonstrations of examination.
This document provides information on assessing the chest and lungs through physical examination. It discusses the relevant anatomy, history taking, and examination techniques. The physical examination involves inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the chest. Normal and abnormal findings are outlined. Variations in examination based on age are also reviewed.
This document provides information on performing a respiratory assessment, including objectives, the process of respiratory assessment, signs and symptoms to assess for, abnormal breath sounds, and common respiratory illnesses like asthma, pneumonia, COPD, and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. The key steps are to inspect the chest, auscultate breath sounds, assess rate and effort, document findings, and understand common diseases and treatments.
Physical examination abdomen, musculoskeletal and neurological systemArifa T N
This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the abdomen, musculoskeletal system, neurologic system, genital/inguinal areas, and rectum/anus. It describes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques for each body system and lists the specific assessments to perform, including examining the liver and bowel sounds for the abdomen, testing various reflexes and cranial nerves for neurologic function, and inspecting the genitalia and inguinal lymph nodes. Equipment needs and positions for rectal exams are also outlined.
The document provides guidelines for assessing patients presenting with genitourinary symptoms. It outlines the key information to obtain from patients, including details on their symptoms, medical history, and physical examination findings relevant to the urinary system. Signs and symptoms requiring immediate referral are identified. The guidelines also discuss diagnostic tests that can be considered to aid clinical decision-making for genitourinary issues.
The document provides guidance on performing a physical examination for cardiology patients. It outlines key areas to inspect, palpate, and auscultate including the skin, extremities, jugular veins, precordium, arterial pulses, breath sounds, and heart sounds. Specific physical findings are described that may indicate various heart conditions. Proper examination techniques are emphasized including patient positioning and using maneuvers to enhance auscultation of murmurs.
This document provides guidance on performing a neurological examination. It outlines the components of the exam including mini-mental status testing, cranial nerve assessment, muscle strength testing, reflex testing, sensory function assessment, coordination tests, and gait observation. The cranial nerve assessment section describes how to test each of the 12 cranial nerves.
1) The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and describes methods for assessing cardiovascular status including health history, physical exam techniques like inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, and diagnostic tests.
2) The physical exam involves assessing things like vital signs, jugular vein pulsations, heart sounds and murmurs auscultated over the precordium.
3) Diagnostic tests discussed include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests and cardiac catheterization.
This document provides information on assessing the chest and lungs, including the functions of the respiratory system, anatomical structures and landmarks, examination techniques, normal and abnormal findings, and developmental variations. It describes ventilation, diffusion, gas exchange, and breathing control. Topics covered include inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation, breath sounds, and examining infants, children, pregnant patients and older adults. Videos are referenced for demonstrations of examination.
This document provides information on assessing the chest and lungs through physical examination. It discusses the relevant anatomy, history taking, and examination techniques. The physical examination involves inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation of the chest. Normal and abnormal findings are outlined. Variations in examination based on age are also reviewed.
This document provides information on performing a respiratory assessment, including objectives, the process of respiratory assessment, signs and symptoms to assess for, abnormal breath sounds, and common respiratory illnesses like asthma, pneumonia, COPD, and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis. The key steps are to inspect the chest, auscultate breath sounds, assess rate and effort, document findings, and understand common diseases and treatments.
Physical examination abdomen, musculoskeletal and neurological systemArifa T N
This document provides guidance on performing a physical examination of the abdomen, musculoskeletal system, neurologic system, genital/inguinal areas, and rectum/anus. It describes inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation techniques for each body system and lists the specific assessments to perform, including examining the liver and bowel sounds for the abdomen, testing various reflexes and cranial nerves for neurologic function, and inspecting the genitalia and inguinal lymph nodes. Equipment needs and positions for rectal exams are also outlined.
The document provides guidelines for assessing patients presenting with genitourinary symptoms. It outlines the key information to obtain from patients, including details on their symptoms, medical history, and physical examination findings relevant to the urinary system. Signs and symptoms requiring immediate referral are identified. The guidelines also discuss diagnostic tests that can be considered to aid clinical decision-making for genitourinary issues.
The document provides guidance on performing a physical examination for cardiology patients. It outlines key areas to inspect, palpate, and auscultate including the skin, extremities, jugular veins, precordium, arterial pulses, breath sounds, and heart sounds. Specific physical findings are described that may indicate various heart conditions. Proper examination techniques are emphasized including patient positioning and using maneuvers to enhance auscultation of murmurs.
This document provides guidance on assessing the abdomen through inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. It describes the key steps in examining the abdomen, including inspecting the skin, contour, visible organs, and peristalsis. Auscultation involves listening for bowel sounds in all four quadrants. Percussion helps assess gas distribution and identify masses or organ enlargement. Palpation should start with light palpation to identify superficial organs before deeper palpation to check for tenderness.
A chest tube is a catheter inserted through the chest wall to drain air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space and maintain negative pressure. It is indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusions. The chest tube is connected to a drainage system, usually a three bottle system, to continuously drain the pleural space and prevent a build up of air or fluid that could impair lung function. Nurses monitor the chest tube drainage closely and ensure the system remains intact and functioning properly to allow for full lung re-expansion and recovery following chest tube insertion.
The document discusses bowel sounds, including their source, techniques for auscultation, and clinical significance. Some key points:
- Bowel sounds are produced by normal peristaltic activity in the small intestine moving intestinal contents.
- When auscultating, the diaphragm of the stethoscope should be used with the patient in a supine position. Sites of auscultation include all four abdominal quadrants.
- The minimum time to auscultate before concluding no sounds is present is debated, with recommendations ranging from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
- Normal bowel sounds have a frequency of 2-4 per minute, gurgling/clicking quality,
Central venous catheters and other intravenous (IV) lines are inserted into large veins to administer medications and fluids in critically ill patients. They are used when peripheral veins are inadequate or for medications that cannot be given elsewhere. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, collapsed lungs, and clots. Nurses monitor for complications, ensure patency and sterility of lines, and record indwelling catheter lengths. Mechanical ventilators, pulse oximeters, and other devices are also described. Intensive care units are equipped with advanced monitoring and life support devices operated by specialized healthcare teams to care for critically ill patients.
A neurological examination involves assessing the nervous system through physical examination and medical history review. It evaluates sensory and motor functions like reflexes to determine if the nervous system is impaired. The exam includes tests of cranial nerves, motor skills, coordination, strength, reflexes, and sensory functions. It is used as both a screening and investigative tool to diagnose neurological conditions and plan treatment.
The document provides details on performing an abdominal examination, including inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation techniques to examine the liver, spleen, kidneys, aorta, and assess for ascites. Key steps include listening for bowel sounds, percussing and palpating the liver span and spleen, assessing aortic pulsations, and tests for shifting dullness and a fluid wave to detect ascites.
This document provides information on examining the cardiovascular system. It discusses the anatomy of the heart and describes how to examine jugular venous pressure. A normal jugular venous pressure is less than 8 cm above the right atrium. The document outlines the steps to measure jugular venous pressure including inspecting the internal jugular vein and measuring the highest point of pulsation in relation to the sternal angle. Elevated jugular venous pressure indicates abnormal cardiac function or pressures in the right heart.
The document provides guidelines for assessing the urinary system. It outlines collecting subjective data about the patient's medical history and symptoms related to renal and urinary problems. Objective data to collect includes inspection of the skin, mouth, face, extremities and abdomen. The physical exam involves palpation of the costovertebral angle to check for kidney tenderness or masses, percussion over the kidney areas, and auscultation of the abdomen to check for abnormal sounds.
This is a very simple presentation prepared for nurses. It will help nurses to understand the need of monitoring and the available methods. The presentation has been constructed on a clinical case base scenario and gradually different methods of monitoring has been introduced.
1. Arterial blood gas analysis involves drawing an arterial blood sample to measure pH, PCO2, PO2, and HCO3 levels. It is used to diagnose acid-base imbalances and respiratory disorders.
2. Key steps in analyzing an ABG result include determining if the pH is acidic or alkaline, identifying the primary disorder, assessing the degree of compensation, and calculating anion and delta gaps if metabolic acidosis is present.
3. Common causes of acid-base imbalances include respiratory acidosis/alkalosis from lung disease and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis involving the kidneys. Mixed disorders with both respiratory and metabolic components can also occur.
This document provides information on conducting a health examination, including definitions, indications, techniques, equipment, positioning, preparing the patient and environment, and assessing different body systems. A health examination involves systematically assessing the general physical and mental condition of the body through the senses of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It is important to prepare the patient and environment, use the proper equipment and techniques, and document examination findings.
These slides cover the points to be described in case of full neurological system examination. It was presented in a seminar of Medicine dept, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (MU VII) on 17 July, 2017. My guide was Associate professor Dr. Robed Amin Sir, MBBS, FCPS (Medicine)
For any comment- sani17k65@gmail.com
This document outlines the steps for a cardiovascular assessment. It discusses obtaining the patient's history and demographic information, assessing vital signs, examining the skin, eyes, neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities, and performing tests like Allen's test and Homan's sign. Key parts of the exam include inspection, palpation, auscultation of heart sounds, assessing JVP, and evaluating pulses and edema. The goal is to thoroughly evaluate the cardiovascular system through medical history and physical exam findings.
This document provides guidance on performing a peripheral vascular examination, including examining the arms and legs to check for signs of vascular disease. It describes how to inspect and palpate pulses in the upper and lower limbs, listen for bruits, and perform additional tests like Buerger's angle test. The document also covers examining the venous system, including inspection for varicose veins, palpating for fascial defects, and tests like Trendelenburg's test to check for venous incompetence.
This document provides information on respiratory emergencies and breathing difficulties. It discusses assessing and recognizing breathing difficulties, emergency medical care, and breathing difficulties specific to infants and children. Specific conditions discussed that can cause breathing difficulties include obstructive lung diseases like emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute pulmonary edema, and spontaneous pneumothorax. For each condition, common findings and emergency treatment strategies are outlined. Assessment techniques like evaluating breath sounds are also reviewed.
Dr. Awadhesh Kumar Sharma is a consultant cardiologist who has extensive training and experience in cardiology. The goal of this session is to provide a basic understanding of ECG waves and intervals, ECG interpretation, and the clinical application of ECGs. The document then discusses the history of ECGs, the fundamentals of how they work, normal ECG components including intervals, leads, and rhythms, as well as how to interpret ECGs and some common abnormalities.
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the cerebellum. It describes the cerebellum's connections to other parts of the brain and its divisions. The cerebellum receives input from various pathways and sends output through several nuclei to control muscle tone, coordinate movement, balance, equilibrium, and speech. It plays an important role in motor learning and planning sequential movements.
The document provides an overview of assessing the musculo-skeletal system including describing the types of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, and joints; it outlines the steps of physical examination including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing; and it provides examples of assessing specific areas like the neck, upper extremities, lower extremities, and knees.
The document provides information on assessing cardiovascular health. It defines key terms like systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It describes how to inspect the eyes, skin, chest and edema during assessment. Methods of assessment include measuring blood pressure, taking a health history, and auscultating the heart to identify sounds like S1, S2, murmurs or gallops. A thorough assessment can help identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
The document discusses the structure and anatomy of the abdomen and its contents. It describes the abdomen as a large oval cavity bounded by muscles and containing internal organs called viscera. It provides details on the location and structure of several major organs in the abdomen, including the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and major blood vessels. It focuses particularly on describing the structure, vascular supply, bile duct system, and functions of the liver.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the abdomen. It describes the abdomen as being divided into four quadrants and outlines the key organs located in each quadrant. The major organs discussed include the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs. It provides details on the typical locations and structures of these internal abdominal organs.
This document provides guidance on assessing the abdomen through inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation. It describes the key steps in examining the abdomen, including inspecting the skin, contour, visible organs, and peristalsis. Auscultation involves listening for bowel sounds in all four quadrants. Percussion helps assess gas distribution and identify masses or organ enlargement. Palpation should start with light palpation to identify superficial organs before deeper palpation to check for tenderness.
A chest tube is a catheter inserted through the chest wall to drain air, fluid, or pus from the pleural space and maintain negative pressure. It is indicated for conditions like pneumothorax, hemothorax, and pleural effusions. The chest tube is connected to a drainage system, usually a three bottle system, to continuously drain the pleural space and prevent a build up of air or fluid that could impair lung function. Nurses monitor the chest tube drainage closely and ensure the system remains intact and functioning properly to allow for full lung re-expansion and recovery following chest tube insertion.
The document discusses bowel sounds, including their source, techniques for auscultation, and clinical significance. Some key points:
- Bowel sounds are produced by normal peristaltic activity in the small intestine moving intestinal contents.
- When auscultating, the diaphragm of the stethoscope should be used with the patient in a supine position. Sites of auscultation include all four abdominal quadrants.
- The minimum time to auscultate before concluding no sounds is present is debated, with recommendations ranging from 30 seconds to 5 minutes.
- Normal bowel sounds have a frequency of 2-4 per minute, gurgling/clicking quality,
Central venous catheters and other intravenous (IV) lines are inserted into large veins to administer medications and fluids in critically ill patients. They are used when peripheral veins are inadequate or for medications that cannot be given elsewhere. Potential complications include infection, bleeding, collapsed lungs, and clots. Nurses monitor for complications, ensure patency and sterility of lines, and record indwelling catheter lengths. Mechanical ventilators, pulse oximeters, and other devices are also described. Intensive care units are equipped with advanced monitoring and life support devices operated by specialized healthcare teams to care for critically ill patients.
A neurological examination involves assessing the nervous system through physical examination and medical history review. It evaluates sensory and motor functions like reflexes to determine if the nervous system is impaired. The exam includes tests of cranial nerves, motor skills, coordination, strength, reflexes, and sensory functions. It is used as both a screening and investigative tool to diagnose neurological conditions and plan treatment.
The document provides details on performing an abdominal examination, including inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation techniques to examine the liver, spleen, kidneys, aorta, and assess for ascites. Key steps include listening for bowel sounds, percussing and palpating the liver span and spleen, assessing aortic pulsations, and tests for shifting dullness and a fluid wave to detect ascites.
This document provides information on examining the cardiovascular system. It discusses the anatomy of the heart and describes how to examine jugular venous pressure. A normal jugular venous pressure is less than 8 cm above the right atrium. The document outlines the steps to measure jugular venous pressure including inspecting the internal jugular vein and measuring the highest point of pulsation in relation to the sternal angle. Elevated jugular venous pressure indicates abnormal cardiac function or pressures in the right heart.
The document provides guidelines for assessing the urinary system. It outlines collecting subjective data about the patient's medical history and symptoms related to renal and urinary problems. Objective data to collect includes inspection of the skin, mouth, face, extremities and abdomen. The physical exam involves palpation of the costovertebral angle to check for kidney tenderness or masses, percussion over the kidney areas, and auscultation of the abdomen to check for abnormal sounds.
This is a very simple presentation prepared for nurses. It will help nurses to understand the need of monitoring and the available methods. The presentation has been constructed on a clinical case base scenario and gradually different methods of monitoring has been introduced.
1. Arterial blood gas analysis involves drawing an arterial blood sample to measure pH, PCO2, PO2, and HCO3 levels. It is used to diagnose acid-base imbalances and respiratory disorders.
2. Key steps in analyzing an ABG result include determining if the pH is acidic or alkaline, identifying the primary disorder, assessing the degree of compensation, and calculating anion and delta gaps if metabolic acidosis is present.
3. Common causes of acid-base imbalances include respiratory acidosis/alkalosis from lung disease and metabolic acidosis/alkalosis involving the kidneys. Mixed disorders with both respiratory and metabolic components can also occur.
This document provides information on conducting a health examination, including definitions, indications, techniques, equipment, positioning, preparing the patient and environment, and assessing different body systems. A health examination involves systematically assessing the general physical and mental condition of the body through the senses of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. It is important to prepare the patient and environment, use the proper equipment and techniques, and document examination findings.
These slides cover the points to be described in case of full neurological system examination. It was presented in a seminar of Medicine dept, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (MU VII) on 17 July, 2017. My guide was Associate professor Dr. Robed Amin Sir, MBBS, FCPS (Medicine)
For any comment- sani17k65@gmail.com
This document outlines the steps for a cardiovascular assessment. It discusses obtaining the patient's history and demographic information, assessing vital signs, examining the skin, eyes, neck, chest, abdomen, and extremities, and performing tests like Allen's test and Homan's sign. Key parts of the exam include inspection, palpation, auscultation of heart sounds, assessing JVP, and evaluating pulses and edema. The goal is to thoroughly evaluate the cardiovascular system through medical history and physical exam findings.
This document provides guidance on performing a peripheral vascular examination, including examining the arms and legs to check for signs of vascular disease. It describes how to inspect and palpate pulses in the upper and lower limbs, listen for bruits, and perform additional tests like Buerger's angle test. The document also covers examining the venous system, including inspection for varicose veins, palpating for fascial defects, and tests like Trendelenburg's test to check for venous incompetence.
This document provides information on respiratory emergencies and breathing difficulties. It discusses assessing and recognizing breathing difficulties, emergency medical care, and breathing difficulties specific to infants and children. Specific conditions discussed that can cause breathing difficulties include obstructive lung diseases like emphysema, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, acute pulmonary edema, and spontaneous pneumothorax. For each condition, common findings and emergency treatment strategies are outlined. Assessment techniques like evaluating breath sounds are also reviewed.
Dr. Awadhesh Kumar Sharma is a consultant cardiologist who has extensive training and experience in cardiology. The goal of this session is to provide a basic understanding of ECG waves and intervals, ECG interpretation, and the clinical application of ECGs. The document then discusses the history of ECGs, the fundamentals of how they work, normal ECG components including intervals, leads, and rhythms, as well as how to interpret ECGs and some common abnormalities.
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the cerebellum. It describes the cerebellum's connections to other parts of the brain and its divisions. The cerebellum receives input from various pathways and sends output through several nuclei to control muscle tone, coordinate movement, balance, equilibrium, and speech. It plays an important role in motor learning and planning sequential movements.
The document provides an overview of assessing the musculo-skeletal system including describing the types of muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, and joints; it outlines the steps of physical examination including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing; and it provides examples of assessing specific areas like the neck, upper extremities, lower extremities, and knees.
The document provides information on assessing cardiovascular health. It defines key terms like systolic and diastolic blood pressure. It describes how to inspect the eyes, skin, chest and edema during assessment. Methods of assessment include measuring blood pressure, taking a health history, and auscultating the heart to identify sounds like S1, S2, murmurs or gallops. A thorough assessment can help identify risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
The document discusses the structure and anatomy of the abdomen and its contents. It describes the abdomen as a large oval cavity bounded by muscles and containing internal organs called viscera. It provides details on the location and structure of several major organs in the abdomen, including the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, and major blood vessels. It focuses particularly on describing the structure, vascular supply, bile duct system, and functions of the liver.
The document summarizes the anatomy of the abdomen. It describes the abdomen as being divided into four quadrants and outlines the key organs located in each quadrant. The major organs discussed include the liver, gallbladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, intestines, and reproductive organs. It provides details on the typical locations and structures of these internal abdominal organs.
This document provides details on the structure and function of the thorax and lungs. It describes the bones that make up the thoracic cage, including the sternum, ribs, and vertebrae. It identifies important anterior, posterior, and lateral surface landmarks on the chest. It explains the lobes of the lungs, their locations within the thoracic cavity, and how they are divided by fissures. It also describes the pleurae lining the lungs and chest wall that allows for smooth expansion and contraction of the lungs during breathing.
This document provides an overview of Chapter 2 from the 10th edition of The Language of Medicine textbook. The chapter goals are to define anatomical terms pertaining to the structural organization of the body. It discusses the hierarchical structure of cells, tissues, organs and systems. It also defines the major body cavities and identifies the organs contained within each cavity. Additionally, it describes the anatomical divisions of the abdomen using regions and quadrants, and the divisions of the back. Finally, it introduces positional, directional and plane terms used to describe the body, as well as combining word forms, suffixes and prefixes used in medical terminology.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to systems and describes the body cavities and major organs contained within. Additionally, it covers anatomical divisions of the back and abdomen, positional and directional terms, and combining word forms used in medical terminology.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to tissues to organs to systems. It also describes the body cavities and identifies the major organs contained within each cavity, as well as anatomical divisions of the abdomen and back.
The document is a chapter from a medical textbook that discusses anatomical terminology pertaining to the body as a whole. It defines the structural organization of the body from cells to systems and describes the body cavities and major organs contained within. Additionally, it covers anatomical divisions of the back and abdomen, positional and directional terms, and combining word forms used in medical terminology.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the abdomen, including:
1) The anterior abdominal wall muscles and related surgical incisions, diaphragm, posterior abdominal wall, inguinal region, abdominal viscera, neurovascular supply, and lymphatic drainage are discussed.
2) The internal structures of the anterior abdominal wall including the skin, fascia, muscles, vessels, and nerves are described.
3) The abdominal viscera such as the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen, and associated structures are outlined along with their blood supply, drainage, and innervation.
4) Clinical aspects such as hernias, surface anatomy, imaging techniques
The document discusses the structure and function of the heart and cardiovascular system. It describes how the heart is composed of four chambers that pump blood simultaneously through the pulmonary and systemic circulations in continuous loops. The heart walls and valves are designed to ensure one-way blood flow and prevent backflow. The cardiac cycle involves rhythmic periods of ventricular filling (diastole) and emptying (systole) powered by pressure changes in the heart and blood vessels.
This 37 slide presentation provides an overview of the pelvis and pelvic floor anatomy. It discusses the bones that make up the pelvis, the true and false pelvis cavities, and the pelvic viscera in males and females. The muscles of the pelvic floor are described in detail, including the levator ani muscle and its components. Other structures covered include the pelvic fasciae, vasculature, nerves, pudendal canal, and related clinical terms. The presentation provides a comprehensive review of key anatomical structures and relationships in the pelvis region.
The document provides an overview of pelvic anatomy including:
1) It describes the three compartments of the pelvis (anterior, middle, posterior), pelvic structures like the bladder, uterus and rectum, and three supporting structures (endopelvic fascia, pelvic diaphragm, urogenital diaphragm).
2) It explains the pelvic diaphragm muscles (levator ani, puborectalis), their roles in support and continence, and how they can be identified on MRI.
3) It discusses the endopelvic fascia and its role in supporting pelvic organs, as well as ligaments like the uterosacral lig
Anatomy UHSR Solved QP. 2017 for B. Sc Nursing StudentsSathish Rajamani
The document discusses the anatomy and physiology of the kidney and knee joint. It provides details on the structure, blood supply, and relations of the kidney. It describes the kidney as being bean-shaped and protected by ribs. It also discusses the inner structure of the kidney including the cortex, medulla, pyramids and calyces. For the knee joint, it identifies it as the largest synovial joint, containing three joints. It outlines the ligaments and articulating bones of the knee and provides an overview of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall including the external oblique, internal oblique, transverse abdominis and rectus abdominis muscles.
This document provides an overview of the abdomen, including:
1) The abdomen is bounded superiorly by the inferior thoracic aperture and inferiorly by the pelvis and lower limbs. It contains the peritoneal cavity housing major visceral organs.
2) The abdomen houses and protects the gastrointestinal organs, spleen, kidneys and other structures. It also assists in breathing through contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles.
3) Contraction of the abdominal muscles can increase intra-abdominal pressure to assist with micturition, defecation, and childbirth.
The document provides an overview of the human digestive system through a series of slides from a lecture presentation. It describes the main components and functions of the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. It also discusses the accessory organs that contribute to digestion, such as the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. The slides include diagrams and histological images to illustrate the anatomical structures and processes involved in ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion of food.
The document provides an overview of the abdominal wall and gastrointestinal tract. It describes the surface landmarks and layers of the abdominal wall, including the muscles, fascia, and neurovascular structures. It then outlines the major components of the gastrointestinal tract, including the organs and their blood supply. It divides the GI tract into foregut, midgut, and hindgut sections based on embryonic development.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the spine. It describes the general structure of the vertebral column including the 33 vertebrae and 23 intervertebral discs. It then discusses the specific regions and curves of the spine. It provides details on the structure and function of the cervical region including the unique features of the atlas and axis bones. It also summarizes the ligaments, joints, range of motion, and importance of the spine in supporting the head and enabling movement.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on the language of medicine. It provides an overview of the digestive system, including the organs that make up the system and their locations and functions. It discusses the four main functions of the digestive system: ingestion, digestion, absorption and elimination. It also defines various medical terms related to the digestive system and provides illustrations of digestive organs and processes.
This document is a chapter from a textbook on the language of medicine. It covers the digestive system, including the organs and their locations and functions. It begins with an introduction describing the four main functions of digestion: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. It then describes each organ of the digestive system in detail, from the oral cavity to the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. It includes illustrations of many organs and diagrams of the digestive pathway. It concludes with vocabulary terms and combining forms related to the digestive system.
This document discusses merging or augmenting course sites on Blackboard. It provides examples of when merging or augmenting may be useful, such as for multiple sections, co-taught sections, or co-listed sections. It describes the difference between merging sites, which hides the original sites, and augmenting sites, which makes items shared in a combined site but keeps original sites visible. It also provides instructions for how to request that course sites be merged or augmented by emailing Blackboard support with the course details and specifying whether a merge or augment is needed.
This document discusses how to use a wiki in a Blackboard course. A wiki allows for collaborative writing and editing of content. Wikis can be used for group work, authentic audiences, and writing to learn. To set up a wiki in Blackboard, an instructor first organizes the content and creates a wiki document. They then generate wiki pages and links between pages. The instructor also adds a link from their course to the wiki. Finally, the wiki can be assessed through participation and grading features.
Blackboard Learn Course Customization: Teaching Styles and PropertiesUniversity of Miami
This document discusses how to customize courses by selecting teaching styles and properties. It explains that customization allows instructors to differentiate, organize, plan, and assist students. Teaching styles and properties can be found and selected on specific pages in the course customization tool. The document also provides a demonstration of customizing courses using styles and properties.
This document provides an overview of the Blackboard Calendar tool for instructors. It explains that the Calendar can be used to remind students of upcoming due dates, manually add items like lectures, drag and drop items to move them, and bulk move due dates. It also advertises an upcoming demonstration of the Calendar tool by Bill Vilberg and provides his contact information for questions.
The document discusses Blackboard Mobile, which allows students at UMiami to access course sites, announcements, documents and participate in discussions on their mobile devices. It highlights features like taking tests, using the Respondus Lockdown browser, and integrating with Dropbox and Google Docs. The slides are available online and it encourages keeping the app updated as mobile learning is still a work in progress at the university.
This document provides instructions for creating online sign-up sheets for student presentations using Blackboard Groups. It outlines creating a group set with sign-up sheets only and no other tools enabled. It then explains how to add a tool link to the main menu to make the sign-up sheets available for students to view and sign up for presentation time slots on specific dates.
SafeAssign is a plagiarism detection tool available through Blackboard that analyzes student assignments for originality. When an instructor creates a SafeAssignment, students submit their work which is analyzed on an external server. A report is then made available to both the student and instructor showing how much of the submitted content matches content in SafeAssign's databases, which include the internet, academic databases, and submissions from other institutions. SafeAssign is used across various disciplines at the university, with over 3,000 submissions and 187 assignments in the spring 2014 semester alone.
Flipping the Classroom: Flipping a Lesson Using Bloom's Taxonomy University of Miami
This document discusses flipping the classroom using Bloom's Taxonomy. It defines flipping as receiving instruction at home (through videos or other media) and doing homework and processing the material in class. The document recommends determining a "cognitive cutoff" point based on Bloom's Taxonomy to decide what content is covered at home versus in class. A six step process is outlined for flipping a lesson that involves writing objectives, organizing by Bloom's level, determining the cognitive cutoff, planning pre-class and in-class activities, and evaluating results to improve the lesson. Potential uses, concerns, and implications of flipping are also addressed.
O documento discute a importância da higiene das mãos para prevenir infecções hospitalares. Estimativas indicam que mais de 1,4 milhão de pessoas no mundo sofrem de infecções adquiridas em hospitais, causando custos significativos. A lavagem correta das mãos é a estratégia fundamental para reduzir a disseminação de microrganismos entre pacientes e profissionais de saúde.
O documento discute prioridades de pesquisa em enfermagem na área de segurança dos pacientes. Aborda a importância da produção de conhecimento científico para melhorar a qualidade e segurança dos cuidados de saúde. Também destaca desafios como o desenvolvimento de uma cultura de segurança e estudos sobre a percepção de profissionais e pacientes em relação aos riscos na assistência à saúde.
O documento discute o papel crucial das enfermeiras na promoção da segurança do paciente. Ele destaca que as enfermeiras são agentes-chave para liderar iniciativas de segurança do paciente e implementar ações comprovadas para reduzir eventos adversos. No entanto, muitos desafios institucionais e culturais dificultam esses esforços, como a falta de mudança cultural e sistemas inadequados. É necessária uma liderança forte e uma cultura de aprendizado para criar um ambiente seguro para os pacientes.
La violencia doméstica ocurre en todas las poblaciones y más de 1 de cada 3 mujeres y hombres en los EE.UU. han sido víctimas de violencia por parte de su pareja íntima. Las mujeres representan la mayoría de las víctimas. La violencia doméstica tiene graves consecuencias para la salud física y mental de las víctimas y sus familias, así como consecuencias sociales y económicas.
Este documento define la violencia doméstica y discute las definiciones legales y sociales. Explica que la violencia doméstica incluye la violencia física, sexual, psicológica y económica entre miembros de una pareja íntima o familia. También describe los diferentes tipos de violencia doméstica y la importancia de tener definiciones comunes para abordar y medir adecuadamente este problema.
Este documento describe las funciones y responsabilidades de los enfermeros al tratar casos de violencia doméstica. Los enfermeros deben prevenir, detectar e intervenir en casos de violencia doméstica mediante la educación, la detección rutinaria, la evaluación del riesgo, el desarrollo de planes de seguridad y la derivación a recursos comunitarios. También deben cumplir con los requisitos de denuncia obligatoria cuando se sospecha abuso de niños o adultos vulnerables.
Este documento presenta varias teorías y marcos conceptuales sobre la violencia doméstica, incluyendo perspectivas psicológicas, biológicas, de sistemas familiares y sociológicas. La teoría más ampliamente utilizada es el modelo ecológico de la OMS, que considera factores a nivel individual, de la relación, comunitario y social. También se describe la rueda del poder y control, que ilustra cómo se establece el control sobre las víctimas a través de diferentes tácticas, y el c
O documento discute os resultados do Estudo IBEAS sobre eventos adversos na América Latina, mostrando que a maioria estava relacionada a infecções. Também apresenta soluções para aumentar a segurança do paciente, como a lista de verificação cirúrgica, que reduziu complicações e mortalidade quando implementada. A instância prévia, momento para checar procedimentos antes de iniciar, também é importante para prevenir erros.
El documento describe las prácticas para prevenir y controlar la infección por VIH y otros patógenos transmitidos por la sangre. Explica que las precauciones estándar como la higiene de manos, el uso de equipo de protección personal y las soluciones de lejía son esenciales para todos los pacientes. También cubre la profilaxis post-exposición, que incluye el tratamiento antirretroviral después de una exposición ocupacional a la sangre infectada para reducir el riesgo de transmisión del VIH y la hepatitis.
Este documento describe el ciclo de vida del virus VIH y las diferentes clases de medicamentos antirretrovirales utilizados para tratar la infección por VIH. Explica las 6 etapas del ciclo de vida del VIH, desde que se une a las células CD4 hasta la muerte celular. También detalla las 6 clases principales de medicamentos antirretrovirales, incluidos los inhibidores de la transcriptasa inversa, la proteasa y la integrasa. Por último, resume las recomendaciones actuales sobre el tratamiento de la infección por VIH
Este documento describe el VIH y las pruebas para detectarlo. Explica que existen dos tipos de VIH (VIH-1 y VIH-2) y que la prueba ELISA se usa primero para detectar anticuerpos, seguida de una prueba de confirmación Western Blot si es positiva. También identifica a las poblaciones con mayor riesgo de contraer VIH y recomienda que los profesionales médicos ofrezcan exámenes de detección como parte de la atención rutinaria. Además, enfatiza la importancia
Understanding Atherosclerosis Causes, Symptoms, Complications, and Preventionrealmbeats0
Definition: Atherosclerosis is a condition characterized by the buildup of plaques, which are made up of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances, in the walls of arteries. Over time, these plaques harden and narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow.
Importance: This condition is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease, and peripheral artery disease. Understanding atherosclerosis is crucial for preventing these serious health issues.
Overview: We will cover the aims and objectives of this presentation, delve into the signs and symptoms of atherosclerosis, discuss its complications, and explore preventive measures and lifestyle changes that can mitigate risk.
Aim: To provide a detailed understanding of atherosclerosis, encompassing its pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and strategies for prevention and management.
Purpose: The primary purpose of this presentation is to raise awareness about atherosclerosis, highlight its impact on public health, and educate individuals on how they can reduce their risk through lifestyle changes and medical interventions.
Educational Goals:
Explain the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, including the processes of plaque formation and arterial hardening.
Identify the risk factors associated with atherosclerosis, such as high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, and sedentary lifestyle.
Discuss the clinical signs and symptoms that may indicate the presence of atherosclerosis.
Highlight the potential complications arising from untreated atherosclerosis, including heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.
Provide practical advice on preventive measures, including dietary recommendations, exercise guidelines, and the importance of regular medical check-ups.
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga-GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS-2024.pdfOsvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS AND GASTRITIS
Osvaldo Bernardo Muchanga
Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Can Traditional Chinese Medicine Treat Blocked Fallopian Tubes.pptxFFragrant
There are many traditional Chinese medicine therapies to treat blocked fallopian tubes. And herbal medicine Fuyan Pill is one of the more effective choices.
Applications of NMR in Protein Structure Prediction.pptxAnagha R Anil
This presentation explores the pivotal role of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in predicting protein structures. It delves into the methodologies, advancements, and applications of NMR in determining the three-dimensional configurations of proteins, which is crucial for understanding their function and interactions.
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
The Children are very vulnerable to get affected with respiratory disease.
In our country, the respiratory Disease conditions are consider as major cause for mortality and Morbidity in Child.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand name Allegra.
It is a selective peripheral H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
Selective alpha1 blockers are Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin and Silodosin majorly used to treat BPH, also hypertension, PTSD, Raynaud's phenomenon, CHF