- Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a theory proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943 that identifies and ranks five basic human needs: physiological, safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Lower needs must be satisfied before higher needs. - Maslow later added two additional needs prior to self-actualization - cognitive and aesthetic needs - and one after - transcendence. - There is a difference between intrinsic motivation which comes from internal enjoyment of an activity, and extrinsic motivation which comes from external rewards/punishments. Intrinsic motivation generally leads to greater loyalty and dedication from employees.