Step into the world of SCADA systems and discover their vital role in transmission substations. This master class presentation takes you on a journey through the architecture, functionalities, and real-world benefits of SCADA. Learn how it empowers real-time data management, monitoring, and automation, ensuring smoother operations. Dive into crucial cybersecurity insights and explore inspiring case studies showcasing successful SCADA implementations. Together, let's explore the future trends and innovations shaping our power grid's resilience. Join us as we unlock the potential of SCADA to enhance efficiency and security in transmission substations.

1. SCADA in Power Transmission
By P.Eng.Tech Beatrice Terer

2. Agenda
• Introduction
• SCADA Application areas
• Skills needed
• Power Transmission overview
• Importance of SCADA
• System Architecture
• SCADA key features
• SCADA lifecycle
• Best Practices
• Case Study
• Resources
• Conclusion
• Q&A

3. 1.
INTRODUCTION
• A SCADA (supervisory control and
data acquisition) system is a
blend of hardware and software
modules that helps automate,
control and supervise industrial
processes remotely or locally
• SCADA is an integrated system
designed to monitor, gather, and
process data in real-time.
• SCADA provides a platform for
operators to visualize and
interpret data, enabling them to
make informed decisions promptly

4. 2.SCADA
application
areas
SCADA systems find applications across
various industries where real-time
monitoring, control, and data acquisition are
crucial.
Power Generation
Transmission and
Distribution
Water and
Wastewater
Management
Oil and Gas
Industry
Manufacturing and
Industrial
Processes
Transportation
Systems
Building Automation
Telecommunications
Networks
Environmental
Monitoring
Renewable Energy
Systems
Smart Cities Mining Operations
Agricultural
Automation

5. 3. Skills
needed
Programming and
Scripting: Scripting
skills are valuable for
automation tasks and
customizing SCADA
systems.
Control Systems
Knowledge: Familiarity
with controllers,
feedback loops, and
control algorithms is
beneficial.
Networking: SCADA
engineers should
understand how data is
transmitted between
field devices, RTUs,
PLCs, and the central
server.
SCADA Software
Proficiency: Competence
in using specific SCADA
software platforms is
important.
Instrumentation and
Sensors: Knowledge of
different sensor types,
calibration procedures,
and signal processing
enhances the engineer's
capabilities.
Hardware Knowledge: This
includes knowing how to
configure, troubleshoot,
and maintain these
devices.
Cybersecurity Awareness:
SCADA systems are
critical infrastructure
and must be secure
Problem Solving and
Troubleshooting: Its
Crucial to diagnose and
address issues that may
arise in the system.
Data Analysis and
Interpretation: SCADA
engineers should be
skilled in extracting
meaningful insights from
large datasets.
Adaptability and
Continuous Learning:
Staying updated on the
latest advancements in
SCADA and related
technologies is key.
Project Management:
Project management
skills help in
coordinating tasks,
meeting deadlines, and
ensuring project
success.
Communication Skills:
Effective communication
is essential for
collaborating with team
members, operators, and
other stakeholders.

6. 4. Power
Transmission
Overview
Complexities of the Grid
• Interconnected Grids: Regional and international
connectivity.
• Diverse Energy Sources: Mix of fossil fuels and renewables.
• Smart Grid Technologies: Real-time monitoring and
control.
• HVDC Transmission: Efficient long-distance power transfer.
• Grid Resilience: Handling unexpected events and ensuring
reliability.
• Cybersecurity Challenges: Protecting against cyber threats.
• Load Balancing and Demand Response: Efficient matching
of supply and demand.

7. Power Systems
Control
Overview
Control in Power Systems:
• Monitors voltages, currents,
and frequencies for system
stability.
• Instrument transformers in
substations capture critical
parameters.
• Control actions managed by
relays in the Substation
Automation System (SAS).
The goal
• To maintain the Voltage and
Frequency within a certain
range (defined by the
regulator).
• To minimize outages by
monitoring and controlling
the grid.
• Optimally manage different
sources of generation –
Generation mix

8. 5. Importance of
SCADA
Generally, SCADA system saves
time/money, it eliminate need for site
visits for inspection, operations and
data collection
• Remote Monitoring and Control:
Centralized control and monitoring,
reducing costs and providing
flexibility.
• Operational Efficiency: Real-time data
enables quick problem resolution,
automation improves efficiency, and
energy management is optimized.
• Cost Savings: Substantial savings from
reduced downtime, improved energy
efficiency, and identification of
inefficiencies.
• Safety and Quality: Enhanced safety
through real-time monitoring, and
improved quality by quick
identification and resolution of
deviations.
• Flexibility and Data Management:
Scalable and customizable for changing
needs, with robust data management
capabilities for long-term storage,
analysis, and reporting.

9. 6. SCADA System
Architecture:
SCADA system architecture is the
blueprint that outlines the
organizational structure and
interconnections of its components,
bringing harmony to the complexities
of power management.
• Gateway
• The Telecommunication network
• Network switches
• Ethernet/fiber links
• HMI
• Relays/Intelligent Electronic
devices
• Remote Terminal Unit
• PLC
• Sensors/actuators

10. SCADA system Architecture

11. 7. SCADA key
features
• Equipment Control: The CB,
isolators and Earth switches can be
controlled remotely from SCADA
• Data Presentation: HMIs transform
the collected data into an easily
understandable visuals for the
operators.
• Data Collection: This is one of the
most crucial features of SCADA
systems. It collects and analyzes
data from different sensors before
delivering it to SCADA computers.
• Data Communication: It allows
interaction between different
modules of your industrial process.
• Real-Time Updates: You can always
stay on top of your industry’s
status with real-time updates from
different system modules.
• Reporting and Analysis: You can
track the voltages and Power
readings and trends
• Alerts and Notifications: Incase of
anomaly in the system

12. SCADA
software
applications
• Data Engineering
• Control System monitoring and
operation
• Bulk Equipment Control
• Alarming System
• Authority Management
• Data Acquisition
• Advanced Real-time Calculations
• Event Handling and Event processing
• Sequence of Events
• Tagging
• Trends and Reports
• SCADA interlocking
• Dynamic Network coloring
• Large Screen support
• Printer support

14. 8. SCADA
lifecycle
KETRACO SCADA mandate is to achieve
over 99.99% System Availability and
Reliability
The activities ranges from Design,
Installation, Configuration, Testing &
Commissioning, Operation and
Maintenance of the SAS, SCADA
Project Phases
• Specification
• Contracting
• Contract Negotiation
• Design and Engineering
• Integration
• Factory Acceptance Tests
• Installation
• Commissioning

15. SCADA Facility
System
Standards
Specification
• Outlines initial SCADA and
requirements.
• Covers technical aspects for system
design.
• Addresses system description,
layout, control philosophy,
protection, and more.
Contracting:
• Involves turn-key contracting for
SCADA implementation.
• Process includes RFP, bid
evaluation, and contract award.
Contract Negotiation:
• After contract award, allows for
system improvements and
clarification of details.
• Focus on ensuring a high level of
comprehension of system
specifications.

16. SCADA Design
Work
• Design and Engineering:
• Translates contractual design
into a clear and complete
system design.
• Key criteria include
completeness, clarity, and
full definition of the
system.

17. SCADA System
Development &
Hardware
Building
Integration:
• Supplier performs system
integration.
• Activities include
configuration, assembly,
device configuration,
testing, and diagnosis.
Factory Acceptance Tests:
• Critical stage to identify
system strengths and
weaknesses.
• Tests include loss of events,
chronological order checks,
and data consistency.

18. Installation
and
Commissioning
Installation:
• Components placed as per
design documents.
• Change management,
documentation, and manual
assembly are key
considerations.
Commissioning:
• Formal verification that the
installed system complies
with design intent.
• Includes integrity testing,
performance verification, and
documentation review.

19. Operate and
Continuous
Improvement
Operational Stage:
• System is in service,
monitored, and maintained.
• Scheduled maintenance carried
out per manuals.
Documentation and Change
Control:
• Complete and accurate
documentation is crucial.
• Change control ensures
updates to reflect system
changes promptly.

20. Challenges
and Future
Trends in
SCADA
• Rapid changes in technologies, obsolete system,
cybersecurity etc.
• Emerging trends: AI integration, advanced
analytics.

21. 9. Best
Practices
Implementing best practices elevates
the effectiveness and resilience of
SCADA in power transmission
substations, fortifying its role in
maintaining a dependable power
distribution infrastructure
1. Cybersecurity Measures
2. Redundancy Planning
3. Regular Maintenance and
Updates
4. Training Programs
5. Data Backup and Recovery

22. 10. Case
Study: 500kv
HVDC
SCADA Implementation in 500HVDC
Project
Background 500HVDC project aimed
for high-capacity power
transmission.
Problem Manual monitoring
inefficient for HVDC system.
Solution SCADA implementation for
real-time monitoring.
Implementation & Results
Methodology: Systematic approach,
collaboration with SCADA
providers.
Implementation: SCADA
hardware/software deployed.
Results: Improved efficiency,
minimized downtime, enhanced
reliability.

24. Resources
Suggested textbooks:
•"SCADA: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition" by Stuart A. Boyer
•"Power System SCADA and Smart Grids" by Mini S. Thomas
Websites and Tutorials:
•International Society of Automation (https://www.isa.org/)
•https://inductiveautomation.com/scada-software/
•https://www.isa.org/getmedia/ac809e6d-27ed-4305-b207-
9813b04f43b4/ISA112_SCADA-Systems_SCADA-lifecycle-diagram_rev2022-07-08.pdf
•SCADA Reddit and LinkedIn pages
•SCADA GitHub Topics (https://github.com/topics/SCADA)
•Make use of Youtube. E.g
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLDJvwEGpPRLbx8VssK0YgQ1wv1_XBb_v3

25. Key
takeaways
:
SCADA PROVIDES A
CENTRALIZED PLATFORM
FOR MONITORING,
CONTROL, AND DATA
ACQUISITION IN POWER
TRANSMISSION
SUBSTATIONS.
THROUGH REAL-TIME
DATA PROCESSING AND
AUTOMATION, SCADA
CONTRIBUTES TO
INCREASED EFFICIENCY
AND RELIABILITY IN
POWER DISTRIBUTION.
ROBUST CYBERSECURITY
MEASURES AND
ADHERENCE TO BEST
PRACTICES ARE CRUCIAL
FOR THE SECURE AND
OPTIMAL OPERATION OF
SCADA SYSTEMS.
THE PRESENTED CASE
STUDIES HIGHLIGHT THE
TANGIBLE IMPACT OF
SCADA IN IMPROVING
GRID RELIABILITY,
EFFICIENCY GAINS, AND
RAPID RESPONSE TO
ANOMALIES.
RESOURCES PROVIDED
OFFER AVENUES FOR
CONTINUOUS LEARNING,
STAY UPDATED ON THE
EVOLVING LANDSCAPE OF
SCADA.

26. Conclusion
SCADA is a cornerstone of modern
power management. Its
significance extends beyond the
substation, reaching into the
broader landscape of industrial
automation

27. Q&A