dsbBCFXdfgsd,djsjbfsdhbfsdvfsdbvjkbkjsfbvjibsfjkvbfkjvbsfiubvkjsfbvjsfbvisfvkjfvoifnvjkfdkjnfiuhfjhiuysedfvgbherdftvgybhjrxxdftghjkxdrcftvgybhunjimko4rtyuiomkdfndiuvifnpiufheiunpruahivurnpahiuarnbviupraehviundapufvhfodjnvipudfhvojfdnvuhfadoivnfu9ahiofnadiuohviufdavbohibfsudyvbshanouirhuirniusuovah8uDvnijasdb8yyabuhabdcsofhvbauifdvfsvfvffvv31 BoP, Currency Exchange, Forex, SDR, NEER, REER, PPP..........................................................515
31.1 : BoP summing up ⛽️🎖 🗃🤲 → ................................................................................................516
31.1.1 Sterilization ( 💱🐯🗃 स्थिरीकरण)?................................................................................................................................517
31.1.2 : Mundell-Fleming Trilemma 💱🐯🗃 🧅 🧅 (मंडल फ्लेमिंग मिं की त्रि-आयामी दूविधा)..............................................................518
31.2 ( > ) India’s Balance of Payment crisis (1991) ⛽️🎖 🗃🤲 ⚠️ .......................................................519
31.2.1 ( > ) Disequilibrium in BoP: Factors responsible ( ⛽️🎖 🗃🤲 ⚠️ असंतुलन केकारण).....................................................520
31.3 RBI’s Forex Reserve: 🐯🪣 विदेशी मुद्रा रिजर्व.......................................................................................521
31.3.1 Forex Reserve: goes up or down: when / how? 🐯🪣 📈 📉 .................................................................................521
31.3.2 Significance of Foreign Exchange Reserves ( 🪣🤩 महत्व).......................................................................................522
31.3.3 Indicators to find forex adequacy- as per IMF 🪣📐 .............................................................................................522
31.3.4 Negative implications of Large Forex Reverse ( 🪣😰 नकारात्मक आयाम).....................................................................523
31.3.5 Weak Currency = Non-Tradable sector neglected 😰 .........................................................................................523
32 Currency Exchange Rate: 💱 मुद्रा विनिमय दर........................................................................................524
32.1 Exchange Rate Regime: Theory 💱 .............................................................................................525
32.1.1 Fixed / Pegged System Challenges: Study of SriLanka (2022) 💱🐯 😰 → .......................................................525
32.1.2 Managed Float System Challenges ? 💱🐯 😰 → ...................................................................................................526
32.1.3 Currency War 2018 ( 💱⚔️ मुद्रा युद्ध)............................................................................................................................526
32.1.4 Reverse Currency war? 💱⚔️ ...................................................................................................................................526
32.2 Soft vs Hard Cu
