The document discusses three language teaching methods: 1) The Audio-Lingual Method emphasizes listening and speaking before reading and writing through drills and imitation. It aims for communicative competence but lacks focus on real communication. 2) Total Physical Response uses actions and gestures to coordinate speech and learning in an enjoyable way with the teacher and students as actors. 3) The Silent Way teaches independently through visual clues from the teacher without direct instruction to establish fluency, with an emphasis on student-centered learning and interaction.