Mike Gubbins (CEFAS) – Recent Mass Mortality Events Affecting Farmed Pacific Oysters in Europe (2009)
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This document summarizes mass mortality events affecting Pacific oysters in Europe from 2008-2009. It reports that mortality events in France and Ireland during this period were associated with detection of OsHV-1 μvar virus. Movements of shellfish from affected areas, particularly from France, were linked to the spread of mortality to new areas. Control measures were limited and the emergence of a new variant of OsHV-1 virus, called OsHV-1 μvar, was identified and found to be the sole variant detected in affected areas by 2009. Monitoring programs were established to survey the spread of the virus.
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Mike Gubbins (CEFAS) – Recent Mass Mortality Events Affecting Farmed Pacific Oysters in Europe (2009)
- 1. Recent Mass Mortality Events Affecting Pacific Oysters in Europe Mike Gubbins Fish health Inspectorate Cefas Weymouth
- 4. Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2008 Histology No listed disease Bacteriology Vibrio aestuarianus V. Splendidus V. harveyii Virology OsHV in many samples * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 5. Officially Reported Mortalities in France During 2008 Bacteriology Vibrio aestuarianus V. Splendidus * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 6. Officially Reported Mortalities in France During 2008 Bacteriology Vibrio harveyii * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 7. Officially Reported Mortalities in France During 2008 Virology OsHV-1 * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 8. Identification of OsHV-1 in 2008 OsHV-1 µvar OsHV-1 Both * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 9. Identification of OsHV-1 in 2008 OsHV-1 µvar OsHV-1 Both * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 10. Control Measures • No movement control inside the country in 2008 • Surveillance outside containment and/or buffer zone • Surveillance within containment and/or buffer zone • No treatments
- 11. Spread of Mortality • Greater than usual mortalities appear to be linked to shellfish introductions • Evidence of spread to naive stock in same areas
- 12. Increased Mortality in Republic of Ireland 2008 • 3 reports of abnormal mortality investigated in August • OsHV-1 identified in all 3 areas • Seed imports in March – June, but majority from May – June. Marine Institute data
- 13. Historical Perspective on OsHV-1 • First indication of herpesvirus in oysters in1972 • 1991 associated with high mortality in hatchery reared larval gigas in France • 1993 associated with spat at some sites • Replication / identification of virus in other species
- 14. Historical Perspective on OsHV-1 • Found world wide • Often, but not always, associated with “summer mortality”
- 15. An Emerging Biotype of OsHV-1? • 2008 - 42% new biotype • 2009 - 100% new biotype • OsHV-1 µvar in the past? • 38 batches of oysters tested from previous OsHV-1, from USA, Japan, China, France Data from J. F. Pepin, Ifremer 2009
- 16. An Emerging Biotype of OsHV-1? • 2008 - 42% new biotype • 2009 - 100% new biotype • OsHV-1 µvar in the past? • 38 batches of oysters tested from previous OsHV-1, from USA, Japan, China, France • None of these samples displayed the identical profile to the new biotype OsHV-1 µvar Data from J. F. Pepin, Ifremer 2009
- 17. Sequence differences between the µVar OsHV(PM09162)and OsHV-1 in the C2/C6 region PM09162 AAAAGTTG GGATAATGAT TTTAGAATAG ATGTGATGTG CGGCAAGATG AATGGCAAGA TACACAATGA OsHV-1 ........ .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... PM09162 GCTATTACCC GACCACAAAC CTAACGTTGT ATTCGATTAC GGATTAAGAA AATGGGTTCC ACAATCTAAA OsHV-1 ......G... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... PM09162 ATTAAAAAC- CCACATGGGG GCCAAGGAAT TTAAAGCCCC GGGGAAAAAA GTATAAATAG GCGCGATTTG OsHV-1 ........AA .......... .......... .....--... C...G..... .......... .......... PM09162 TCAGTTTAGA ATCATACCCA CAC--TCAAT CTCGAGTATA CCACAACTGC TAAATTAACA GCATCTACTA OsHV-1 .......... .......... ...AC..... .......... .......... .......... .......... PM09162 CTACTACTG- ---------- --AAAAATGC AGCCTTTCAC AGAATTTTGC ACCTTGACCA AAGCCATCAC OsHV-1 ........AC TACTACTACT GA........ .......... .......... .......... .......... PM09162 ATCAGCCAGC AACGACTTTT TCATCAACCA GACGAGGTTA ACATGCGACA TTTGTAAAGA GCTCGTCTCT OsHV-1 .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... PM09162 TTCAATTGCA AAGATAAAGT CGTGGCATCA TTGGCTGCAG TCAGATCTGA CATACCCATA GAAGTCACGG OsHV-1 ...G.....G .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... PM09162 AACGCAAAGA CCTGAACCTC CTCGAC OsHV-1 .......... .......... ......
- 18. 2009
- 19. Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2009 Reported in May * IFREMER 2010, WAHID (OIE) 2009
- 20. Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2009 Reported in May Reported in June * IFREMER 2010, WAHID (OIE) 2009
- 21. Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2009 OsHV-1 µvar * IFREMER 2010, WAHID (OIE) 2009
- 22. Identification of OsHV-1 in 2008 OsHV-1 µvar OsHV-1 Both * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
- 23. Control Measures • Controls limited to juveniles from affected areas? • Only whilst mortality event causes more than 15% loss? • Adult oysters allowed from all areas? • No notifiable diseases found
- 24. Spread of Mortality • Greater than usual mortalities appear to be linked to shellfish introductions • Evidence of spread to naive stock in same areas
- 25. 2009 movements for farming/purification Key Purification Relaying
- 26. Increased Mortality in the Republic of Ireland in 2009 • 35 samples from 17 sites • 31 positive for OsHV-1 • All OsHV-1 µvar • All positive sites had received shellfish from France • Sites that did not receive French stock were all negative for OsHV-1 Marine Institute data
- 27. Increased Mortality in Jersey Started in June Affected only Pacific oysters Up to 68% mortality Several areas affected Re-occurred in September Stock originated from France Epidemiology reported by Ashley Pinel at Jersey State Veterinary dept.
- 28. Disease Investigation • Samples from Jersey (mortality event) • Vibrios found – of significance? • PCR positive for OsHV in all groups • When sequenced = OsHV-1 µvar
- 29. Initial Survey of England and Wales • High risk sites sampled • 3 Mortality events investigated • No evidence for OsHV-1
- 30. Introduction of Community Measures ?
- 31. Introduction of Community Measures
- 32. Introduction of Community Measures
- 33. 2010? Official reports So far (May) 2 official reports
- 34. Monitoring Programmes Oyster herpesvirus surveillance 2010 Crassostrea gigas Site 1 Larne Lough 2 Strangford Lough 3 Dundrum Bay 4 Killough Bay 1 2 3 4