A revised version of the original presentation, this version clarifies the specific needs to meet compliance with Digital Accessibility requirements. This presentation also offers solutions such as journey maps, and testing designs and products with people with disability to achieve the Digital Accessibility for all users.

1. Make the Extremes
Mainstream:
The Power of Inclusive Design
Seda Maurer, CPACC
Seda Maurer Consulting, LLC
@SedaSMaurer
SMCAccessibility.com

2. Inclusion
&
Solution

3. Inclusion

4. Digital Accessibility
For ALL

5. Why is This Important?
• Access to Technology
• Revenue
• Remove Discrimination

6. Usages of Technology
• Connecting with Family
• Shopping
• Banking
• Healthcare
• Religious Congregation
• . . .

7. What is Digital Accessibility?
What is Accessibility Like?
What is the Ask?

8. Top Compliance Needs
• Good Color Contrast
• Properly Coded Forms
• Good Keyboard Interactions
• Well Organized Content
• Alternative Text for Images

9. Color Contrast
Necessary for people with Low Vision

10. EXAMPLE 1: Intensity

11. EXAMPLE 2: Contrast

12. EXAMPLE 3: Colors

13. Properly Coded Forms
Necessary for Screen Reader users,
Low Vision users,
Users with Cognitive Constraints,
and
Keyboard only users

14. EXAMPLE 1: Modal Windows

15. EXAMPLE 2: Focus States

16. Good Keyboard Interactions
Necessary for Screen Reader users,
Low Vision users,
Users with Cognitive Constraints,
and
Keyboard only users

17. EXAMPLE 1: Leaving the Site

18. Well Organized Content
Necessary for Screen Reader users,
Low Vision users,
Users with Cognitive Constraints,
and
Keyboard only users

19. EXAMPLE 1: Organization

20. EXAMPLE 2: Content Placement

21. EXAMPLE 3: Density of Content

22. Alternative Text
Necessary for Screen Reader Users

23. EXMPLE 1: Alternative Text

24. Who are we Designing for?

25. The Focus of Development: The “Typical”
80 PERCENTILE

26. Who is in the 80 Percentile
• Majority of people!
• Those without constraints
• Technology Native and Tech Savvy users
• Those who are trained

27. Who is in the Remaining 20 Percentile?

28. Who are in the 20 Percentile
• Immigrants to Technology and the novice
• Those with disabilities and constraints
• The smart users that can figure out any tool
• They are experts in their domain

29. Human Factors Ergonomic Categories
PHYSICAL
ERGONOMICS
• Size
• Age
• Strength
• Sensory Limitations
• Mobility
COGNITIVE
ERGONOMICS
• Workload
• Experience
• Knowledge
• Training
• Attitude
• Mental/Emotional States:
• Loyalty
• Trust
ORGANIZATIONAL
ERGONOMICS
• Weather
• Workspace
• Location
• Inside/Outside
• Shift
• Lighting

30. Physical Ergonomics

31. Strength
LOW
• Pregnant Women
• Weak Limbs
• People with Illnesses
• People with Physical
Disabilities
HIGH
• Athletic Individuals
• Industrial Workers
• Physical Trainers
• People who Multi-task
• People who Exercise

32. EXAMPLE: Mobile Device
• Easy to carry around
• Information at fingertips
• Responsive Design
• Ability to customize
• Accessibility Settings

33. Cognitive Ergonomics

34. Workload
SUB-OPTIMAL
• Time Constrained/In a Hurry
• Under pressure
• Life/death matters
• Unforeseen circumstances
• Physical constraints
PERFECT!
• Plenty of time
• Relaxed environment
• Comfortable schedule
• Normal circumstances
• No physical constraints

35. EXAMPLE 1: Tab Order

36. EXAMPLE 2: Progressive Disclosure

37. Mental/Emotional State: Trust
DOUBTFUL
• Confusing presentation
• Unclear behaviors/patterns
• Unclear labels
• Unintuitive process
• Unnecessary forced marches
• Error prone
• No helpful error handling
CONFIDENT
• Intuitive layout/presentation
• Clear instructions/guidelines
• Easy to navigate
• Easy to complete tasks
• No unwanted deviations
• Error proof

38. EXAMPLE 1: Error Prevention

39. EXAMPLE 2: Error Messaging

40. Organizational Ergonomics

41. Weather
GOOD
• Travelers
• Analysts
• Operators
• ER Staff
• Caregivers
• People with Disabilities
DISRUPTIVE
• Operations Agents
• Analysts
• Travelers/Commuters
• ER Staff
• Caregivers
• People with Disabilities

42. EXAMPLE: Flight Reaccomodation

43. Solutions

44. Where Should We Start?

45. #1 - Empathy

46. Empathyleadsto
innovation.

47. What if We Focused on The 20 Percentile?
• NOVICE/INTERN
• INFREQUENT USER
• DISABLED USER
• EXPERT USER
• AVID FAN
• PRO ATHLETE

48. Including Extremes Will Satisfy All
• NOVICE/INTERN
• INFREQUENT USER
• DISABLED USER
100%
• EXPERT USER
• AVID FAN
• PRO ATHLETE

49. #2 -Possibilities

50. Journey Maps
Empathy Maps
Happy Path
Error Path
Misuse/Abuse Path

51. #3 – Inclusive Tests

52. What is a User Interface
• How humans interact with computers
• Consider what is communicated
• How the elements communicated?
• How well is the problem solved?

53. Validate Every Step
• Evaluate the designs for compliance
• Validate the designs with all users
• Test products/services with ALL types
of users

54. Take Away…

55. Social Model of Disability
The Social Model of Disability identifies systemic barriers,
negative attitudes and exclusion by society (purposely or
inadvertently) that mean society is the main contributory
factor in making people with impairments be unable to
participate fully in society.
While physical, sensory, intellectual, or psychological variations
may cause individual functional limitation or impairments, these
do not necessarily have to lead to disability unless society fails
to take account of and include people regardless of their
individual differences.

56. Design for Yourself!
We all experience temporary
constraints and disabilities!
Designing for Extremes removes
barriers for Everyone!

57. Make the Extremes
Mainstream!

58. Q&A