HPIRR HYAENA MULTIDISCIPLINARY VOLUME =1

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Editor-in-Chief
Dr N Hariharan
Founder and chief Editor
Heduna Publications of
International Research and Reviews
Associate Editors
Dr M KARUPPANASAMY
Dr J NIMALA
Dr E MANIKANDAN
Journal Adviser
Dr P SENTHIL KUMAR
Professor
PGP College of Engineering and Technology
Namakkal India
IQAC and NAAC Coordinator &
Co-Ordinator for Research and Innovation Committee
MULTIDISCIPLINARY AREA OF RESEARCH
VOLUME - 1

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All rights are reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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Text ©AUTHOR, 2023
Cover page © HEDUNA PUBLICATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL
RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
Author © : Dr N Hariahran
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T. Vadipatty, M.P Nagar, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India
Phone : + 91 9345020835
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Book : MULTIDISCIPLINARY AREA OF RESEARCH VOLUME – 1
ISBN - 978-81-963578-0-1
Edition : Aug - 2023
Price : Rs 449/-
Printed By : KP SQUARE COPIER, MADURAI

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I realize that this book will create a great deal of controversy. It has never
been easy to challenge the consensus because the System – of any kind,
in any context – will try to preserve the status quo, by all means possible.
.Hopefully, this account will raise the level of awareness among the
general public and initiate the discussion that, in turn, may entail major
cultural changes, as well as a revision of the consumer basket. This book
can be read on two different levels. First, it may be read by ordinary
people with a limited, if any, scientific background. Throughout, the book
has been written with this audience in mind. I hope that you won’t be
easily discouraged. Even if the chemical content of a given chapter is hard
to understand, the scientific evidence presented, the citations from original documents, conclusions
drawn, and recommendations made can be easily comprehended.
Represented by professionals from academia, and government agencies, as well as consumer
protection and advocacy groups. I do not expect everybody in the scientific community to agree with
the content and ideas put forth in this book. But I do hope that the information and knowledge
presented will become a wake-up call for the general public, regulatory agencies, legislators, business
leaders, and scientists coming to the realization.
Dr N HARIHARAN
Founder and chief Editor Heduna Publications of
International Research and Reviews

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JOURNAL ADVISERS AND CHAPTER EDIOTRS
Dr P SENTHIL KUMAR
PROFESSOR
PGP COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
NAMAKKAL INDIA
IQAC AND NAAC COORDINATOR &
CO-ORDINATOR FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION COMMITTEE
Dr M KARUPPANASAMY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
SSM COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, DINDIGUL
Dr E MANIKANDAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Dr MGR GOVERNMENT ARTS AND SCIECNE COLLGE FOR
WOMEN, VILUPURAM
Dr J NIMALA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF B.COM BUSINESS ANALYTICS
SREE SARASWATHI THIYAGARAJA COLLEGE, POLLACHI

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SI
NO
CHAPTER TITLE AUTHOR PAGE
NO
1 “AN ANALYSIS ON CUSTOMERS BRAND PREFERANCE ON
REALME NARZO SMART PHONES IN CURENT SITUATION”
Dr. M KARUPPANASAMY 7-19
2 “A STUDY ON INDIGO AIRLINES FACTORS AFFECTING THE
SALES AND ITS SPECIAL REFERENCE”
Mr. J JANARTHANAN 20-30
3 “AN OVERVIEW ON ELECTRIC CARS ARE THE FUTURE OF
TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA”
Mr. R RAJA 31-43
4 “A STUDY ON SAMSUNG SMART PHONES CUSTOMERS
BRAND PREFERANCE ON CURRENT SECNARIO”
Mr. B. VIGNESH 4-57
5 “A STUDY ON ONLINE RECRUITMENT CURRENT TRENDS
AND CURRENT SITUATION IN INDIA”
6 “UNVEILING THE SYNERGY: EXPLORING
MULTIDISCIPLINARY PARADIGMS IN CUTTING-EDGE
RESEARCH”
Mr. SUMAN PATRA
70-79
7 “A STUDY ON A RESEARCH PROPOSAL CONSUMER
BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS ONLINE SHOPPING IN DINDIGUL”
Mr. R RAJA 80-92
8 “ANALYSIS OF FOURIER SERIES USING PYTHON CODE” Dr. SHYAMAL BHAR 93-105
9 “A STUDY ON HONDA CARS CUSTOMER BRAND
AWARENESS IN CURRENT SECNARIO”
10 “A STUDY ON MOTOROLA SMART PHONES CUSTOMERS
BRAND PREFERANCE IN CURRENT SCENARIO”
Dr. M KARUPPANASAMY 119-133
11 “A RESEARCH ON CENTRAL BANK OF INDIA
PERFORMANCE AND ANALYSIS OF AFTER COIVD – 19
PANDEMIC”
Mr. B. VIGNESH 134-144
12 “A STUDY ON TVS EURO GRIP TYERS FACTORY ROLE AND
CAPITAL MANAGEMENT IN POLLACHI ”
Dr. J NIMALA 145-164

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CHAPTER – 1
“AN ANALYSIS ON CUSTOMERS BRAND PREFERANCE ON REALME NARZO SMART
PHONES IN CURENT SITUATION”
Dr M KARUPPANASAMY
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SSM COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, DINDIGUL
ABSTRACT
The Smart phone, being compact in size, delivers an all-in-one resolution for mobile calls, internet
access and E-mails. Just the Smartphone sales have plunged for
several brands at a reasonable price as Realme Narzo, Realme,
Redmi and Vivo. India stands set to become the 3rd Market for
smart phones in 4 years, according to researcher International
figures Corporation, through smart phone manufacturers
launching more reasonable 4G handsets and looking to tap buyers in small cities and towns. This
research is designed to provide information about customer perception and factors affecting their
buying behavior with respect to Realme Narzo smart phones. The research design used is
investigative in nature which motivation provide an importance on numerical data. The data for
analysis stayed collected by using survey method; with the sample for the typical customer through
simple casual sample approach. There are several explanations that every Smartphone has their
own benefit and luxury offered through the companies. The invention characteristics offered by
Realme Narzo are not as good-looking as its competitors (such as Samsung) according to customer
perception. The company wants toward improve both of their goods in order to improvement
customer expectations. It remains suggested that the company should launch more smart phone
with standard quality for lower classes as this will help them to influence more consumer as lower
classes populace in country are high.
Key Words: Realme Narzo, Brand, Smartphone, Realme, Customers, Market, and Product.
INTRODUCTION
The term phone, refers to a multimedia smartphone handset, that's a multifunctional digital device that has
features starting from digital, audio-video playback, net browsing to a high-density screen show together
with numerous other multimedia options. Cellphone presents a one forestall solution for cell calls, email

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sending, and net get right of entry to. Clever phones are based totally on an working machine, basically
owning all the essential capabilities like that of a laptop, inclusive of web surfing, emailing, video and voice
chatting, audio-video playback, and others. Till a few years ago, a cellphone became a personal virtual
assistant having the calling capabilities like a cellular smartphone, but these days cellular telephones own
the functionality of brought media players, compact virtual digital camera, GPS
Nowadays much less highly-priced superior cell telephones are additionally available inside the business
quarter. But, why people purchase extravagant smart phones? Price, excellent, logo, country of source,
advertising and marketing, deals, verbal and so forth will be a few variables that a shopper may think earlier
than purchasing a smartphone. What quantity of does a brand of cell telephone have an effect on the
purchasing preference of a consumer? As there are distinct varieties of clever phones reachable in business
region with fluctuating cost; what's the evaluation among them? What is greater, how they have an effect
on the consumer shopping desire?
BRANDING OF REALME NARZO MOBILES
The South Korean boy band 2pm prepared a music
known as "follow your soul" in a promotional cope with
Realme Narzo for launching its logo in Thailand in 2010.
In June 2015, the enterprise signed a settlement with fc
Barcelona to come to be a sponsor of the Spanish football
club. In 2016, the Philippine basketball association tied
up with this agency as its official cellphone associate,
beginning with the 2016 pea commissioner's cup which
commenced on 10 February. [Citation needed
Realme Narzo hires movie star endorsers in Vietnam. Sơn tùng m-tp advocated three phone devices: neo
five, neo 7, and f1s. Realme Narzo made a sponsorship to certainly one of Vietnam’s top-rated fact suggests,
the face Vietnam. [Citation needed] in 2017, Realme Narzo won the bid to sponsor the India national cricket
crew, which allows their brand for use at the team's kits from 2017 to 2019. In 2019, Realme Narzo became
a sponsoring accomplice of the French open tennis event held in roland-garros, Paris. The equal yr., they
also became a sponsoring partner of Wimbledon for five years as the first legit phone partner. Beginning
with the 2019 global championship, Realme Narzo is the distinctive worldwide telephone companion for
league of legends sports through 2024, Realme Narzo can have year-spherical activations centered round
the sport's three annual global tournaments: the mid-season invitational, the all-big name occasion, and the
arena championship.
REVIEW LITERATURE
1) Sarkar and soomro (2013) said the high-quality impact of smartphones in schooling context, it enables
society to get admission to various gaining knowledge of assets and offer possibilities for individuals
to hold their education by using distance mastering. But, utilizing the smartphone for a long period or
continuously may affect someone fitness; the individual would possibly revel in headache and frequent
messages and calls result in interruption on students concentration and consciousness on finishing their
coursework for you to impact negatively on their instructional (abu-shanab, 2015).

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2) Observe through kabana and mgaya (2016) indicates that most of the scholars utilize telephone for social
sports (65%) compared to education sports (20%). Furthermore, 65 percentage of the students agreed that
they utilize cellphone to surf social networking websites (twitter, whatsapp, Instagram, Facebook) even as
doing their instructional assignment. 48 percent of them spent around 5 to 7 hours according to day on
cellphone.
3) Berger (2017) have a look at shows that students who make use of cellular cellphone extra have a
tendency to acquire lower grades and feature higher anxiety and felt. Observe by smith (2013) had
additionally proven that students tend to have excessive anxiety and their GPA turned into low when they
generally tend to use their phone extra. The scholars mention that they'd anxiety when they needed to be
far from their phone for positive amount of time as they are depending on their telephone.
4) The increasing frequency and time spend (lee et al., 2017) beside of dependency on phone amongst kids
may be visible as a hallmark of development of cellphone use from a dependency to an addiction (Roberts
et al., 2014). 2.3 impact of telephone on social interplay communique play a crucial part of human life. This
indicates technology changing hastily to fit human necessities. Inside the current society, conversation
becomes less complicated with the development of technology and it influences the style of communique
among people.
5) The specific and a couple of utility functions of smartphones make it distinct from other telephones.
However, social engagement among individuals is jeopardized with its particular software through
restricting their face to face interplay and increase greater chat rooms communique. It may purpose lack
of actual lifestyles social interplay that make contributions to dating problems to arise, and interference
in students’ instructional paintings (kuss & Griffiths, 2018).
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To understand the profile of smart phone company Realme Narzo
 To measure the consumers’ perception to Realme Narzo smart phone
 To analyse the factors influencing the customers to choose Realme Narzo
 The studies at the idea of customers brand preference in Realme Narzo
 Covid-19 to analyze the destiny role of sale Realme Narzo mobiles.
 The research assessment of customer’s satisfaction on Realme Narzo mobiles.
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
1. Hypotheses method used in the research have been summarized and agreed below.
2. Ho1: The best branded mobile phone Realme Narzo sites awareness on Facebook, Whatsapp, Twitter,
Instagram, and linked in, Youtube has not been influenced by the Gender of the respondents, Age, and
Educational qualification.
3. Ho2: Consumer motivational factors in quality Realme Narzo mobile on Product Price, New fashion,
Public image, secured delivery, Color, Premium quality, designs and quantity, Advanced technology, Easy
availability has not similar with the Educational qualification and gender of educational qualification.

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design: Exploratory Data
Primary Data has been collected by “Questionnaire method” aimed at a particular investigation. He is
guileless for a moiled set of problems offered to defendants for their answers. Unpaid to this flexibility, it
is maximum common instrument used to collect the primary data.
Sampling Area: The survey was conducted in Madurai.
Sample size:- For the purpose of proper survey, around is need of faultless research instruments to treasure
out taster size for added correct result about procurement behavior of shopper products. The sample size is
209 respondents: Sampling Technique Random sampling.
RESEARCH METHOLODOGY
The research methodology directs the general pattern of forming procedure for gathering valid and reliable
data in investigation. The research methodology is includes the description of sample size, research design,
development, sampling techniques and description of the tools. The data collection of Primary and
secondary data for analyzing customers branded Realme Narzo mobile phones.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This research title is “A research on Realme Narzo Smartphones Consumer Brand Preference in India
Current Scenario” and the methodology discussed the data collection, reliability analysis, sampling design,
period of the study pilot study and statistical tools and techniques in customers brand preference Realme
Narzo branded mobile phones. In the current study and general analysis of Primary survey data and
Secondary data were used systematically.
SOURCES OF THE DATA
Primary Data
This research is primary source of data is attained by interview schedule to various respondents in Madurai
district.
Secondary Data
Secondary sources are the details are presented already. In this research the secondary data were collected
from the published articles, Newspapers, submitted thesis, previous records and internet etc.
PRESENTAGE ANALYSIS
Table – 1 Gender
The 1 table is called the respondents in gender wise classification of male, female and other gender selected
for the Percentage analysis.
Source- Primary data

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SI.NO Particulars Respondents Percentage
1 Male 106 50.72%
2 Female 96 45.93%
3 Other 7 3.35%
4 Total 209 100%
The table-1 explain that out of 209 respondents male is (50.72%) and female is (45.93%) Then respondents
other generations (3.35%). It data calculated used to percentage analysis in 100 that the majority (50.72%)
of the respondents selected for the branded Realme Narzo mobile phones.
2. Age (15-59)
SI. No Age Respondents Percentage
1 Less Than 15 11 5%
2 16 to 25 Years 82 39%
3 26 to 36 Years 55 26%
4 37 to 47 Years 33 16%
5 48 to 58 Years 19 9%
6 Above 59 Years 9 4%
7 Total 209 100%
50.72% 45.93%
3.35%
Male Female Other
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
1. Gender

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The table -2 out of 209 respondents in different age groups less than 15 to above 59 it is 16-25 age group
highest level of (39%) this youth age respondents liked Realme Narzo mobiles very low level is above
59 years (4%) and medium level is 26 to 36 it is (26%) of age respondents. Then majority of 16 to 25 age
respondents.
3. Educational qualification
SI.NO Qualification Respondents Percentage
1 High school 33 16%
2 Higher secondary 28 13%
3 Graduate 87 42%
4 Post-graduate 43 21%
5 Others 18 9%
6 Total 209 100%
5%
39%
26%
16%
9%
4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Less Than
15
16 to 25
Years
26 to 36
Years
37 to 47
Years
48 to 58
Years
Above 59
Years
2. Age
16% 13%
42%
21%
9%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
High school Higher
secondary
Graduate Post-graduate Others
3. Qualifications

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The table -3 is educational qualification more than graduate persons high percentage of (42 %) then very
lower level percentage of other (9%) total respondents 209 used percentage method in 100. And the majority
of graduate and post graduate students. It is useful for customers brand preference Realme Narzo branded
smart phones.
Table 4 Occupation
SI NO Occupation Respondents Percentage
1 Govt. employee 55 26%
2 Private Employee 71 34%
3 Self-Employee 41 20%
4 Business Man 24 11%
5 Agriculture 18 9%
6 Total 209 100%
Then table 4 is occupation in Govt employee 26%, private employee 34%, business persons and agriculture
responses total in 209, very low level is business man and agriculture. Finally the brand of Realme Narzo
smartphone used private and government employees.
Table 5 Marital status Respondents
26%
34%
20%
11%
9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Govt. employee Private
Employee
Self-Employee Business Man Agriculture
4. Occupation

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SI NO Marital status Respondents Percentage
1 Married 114 55%
2 Single 95 45%
3 Total 209 100%
Then table 5 is marital status total 209 respondents single 45% is decreased and married respondents is
55% it is highly useful to development of mobile brands.
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS QUESTIONARY
Q. No: 1 - Are you using any Smart phone?
SI. NO Particulars Respondents Percentage
1 Yes 200 96%
2 No 9 4%
3 Total 209 100%
The question is using smart phones yes is 96% not use smartphone 4% peoples in the 100 percentage data
calculation analysis. Smartphone users increase useful to technological development.
55%
45%
Married
Single
40% 42% 44% 46% 48% 50% 52% 54% 56%
5. Maritial status
96%
4%
Yes No
0%
50%
100%
150%
1 . Smart phone users

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Q. No. 2 Which Mobile phone are you using currently?
SI. No Brands Respondents Percentage
1 Realme Narzo 39 19%
2 One plus 44 21%
3 Realme 31 15%
4 Samsung 33 16%
5 Motorola 19 9%
6 Redmi 30 14%
7 Apple 13 6%
8 Total 209 100%
Question 2 is using mobile phone currently peoples liked and satisfied Realme Narzo branded mobile
phone. Realme Narzo is 21%, Realme Narzo is 19%, Realme 15%, and Samsung 16%, Apple phone is 6%
total respondent is 209.
Q. No.3. What do you look for in a Smartphone?
SI.
NO
Attributes Most
Important
Somewhat
Important
Least
Important
Total
1 Price 105 40 64 209
2 Features 47 80 82 209
3 Looks 146 33 30 209
19%
21%
15%
16%
9%
14%
6%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Oppo
One plus
Realme
Samsung
Motorola
Redmi
Apple
2. Current smart phone

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4 Brand Name 79 74 56 209
5 OS (Android, and Others) 91 69 49 209
The respondents highly liked mobile phone design, Features, Performance, Price, Brand, it’s all noted in
customers and its main thing of customer’s satisfaction of branded Realme Narzo mobile phones.
Q.No.4 Price range to purchase a Realme Narzo Realme Smartphone?
SI. No Price Range Respondents Percentage
1 8000-12000 70 33%
2 13000-17000 65 31%
3 18000- 22000 39 19%
4 23000-27000 21 10%
5 Above 30000 14 7%
6 Total 209 100%
105
47
146
79
91
40
80
33
74 69
64
82
30
56 49
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Price Features Looks Brand Name OS (Android, and
Others)
3. Attributes
33%
31%
19%
10%
7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
8000-12000 13000-17000 18000- 22000 23000-27000 Above 30000
4. Price Range

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The price range of mobile phones more than customers like price range Rs 8000-12000, its common price
of smart phone for all brand. This price range all brands available one smart phones, then Realme Narzo is
most popular brand list of one. Liked customers in this brand.
Q. No. 5 Source of purchase Realme Phone
SI.NO Source Respondents Percentage
1 Newspaper 51 24%
2 Television 37 18%
3 Family and Friends 70 33%
4 Dealers 33 16%
5 Others 18 9%
6 Total 209 100%
Most of the customer’s mobile phone purchase source of family and friends it’s one of the effective way of
purchasing beaded smart phones. Another sources newspaper, television, and dealers. The best source of
33% family and friends.
Q.NO. 6. You’re Preference for Branded Realme Narzo smart phones?
SI.NO Awareness Level Respondents Percentage
1 Fully Aware 40 19%
2 Sufficiently aware 92 44%
3 Slightly aware 77 37%
4 Total 209 100%
24
18
33
16
9
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Newspaper Television Family and
Friends
Dealers Others
5. Source

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The awareness level of Realme Narzo smartphones fully aware is 19%, sufficiently aware 44% and slightly
aware.
SUGGESTIONS
 This observe advised approximately the client’s satisfaction level of Realme Narzo Mobile
phones.
 Most of the respondents got here to recognize about the Realme Narzo Mobile Phones via
Friends, So the Advertising Can Be Progressed.
 The have a look at advised that the Realme Narzo mobile phones may be offered In Retail
Shops.
 Handiest rich people can have the funds for Realme Narzo, if the charge reduces, the sales
of the Realme Narzo cell can be accelerated.
 The take a look at recommended that the models of the mobile phone may be similarly
stepped forward.
CONCLUSIONS
The take a look at concluded that in this contemporary business economic system. It's far very vital in
analyse approximately the Realme Narzo mobiles. The observe end result about most people of the
customers are happy with the Realme Narzo cellular but additionally there may be a disadvantage which
includes hike in fee and other factor like models of the product. Vital steps should be taken to resolve issues
of retaining customers of Realme Narzo mobiles can be high, if the agency can understand the desire and
normal p
Reception of the patron. Therefore it will develop the advertising strategy and market proportion of cell
smartphone agency.
Brand attention plays a chief role in supporting the audiences understand, take into account, and come to
be secure with branding and products. Branding strategies will help the brand to become pinnacle of
thoughts whilst customers are equipped to investigate and make a buy. The attention helps the clients in
19%
44%
37%
Fully Aware Sufficiently aware Slightly aware
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
6. Awareness level

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collecting the records and making purchasing picks. An excellent marketing approach will simply attract a
more number of clients in buying of the product. The majority of the customers are thoroughly aware about
the logo but nonetheless the sale of the product is decrease, the corporation can similarly boom the sale by
means of making availability of the product within the shops convenient to customers, show rooms, and
provider centers for after sale service.
REFFRENCES
1. C.R. Kothari (2002), “study’s methodology”, sultan Chand guide, New Delhi.
2. Cooper, d. And schindler, p. (2013) commercial enterprise studies methods. New Delhi:
Tata McGraw. Cox, t. & phone-in, ok. (2006) the agile deliver chain; competing in unstable
markets”, journal of educational industrial marketing control, 29(1) 37-38.
3. Brown, w.f.,”the determination of things influencing logo choice‖, journal of advertising
and marketing”, vol. 14, April 1950, pp. Forty two-forty four.
4. Hoyer, wed. And brown, S.p., “results of logo focus on choice for a not unusual, repeat
purchase product”, magazine of purchaser studies, vol. 17, Sept. 1990, pp. 141- 148.
5. Jacobi, j. Olson, jack And haddock, r.a.,”fee, brand name and product competition
6. Characteristic as determinants of perceived first-class”, journal of implemented
psychology, vol. 55, March 1971, pp. 570-580.
7. Jpg sjamsoedin. D.p.e. searing. reading purchaser notion on product attributes of
smartphone (Realme Narzo , xiaomi, zenfone) in Manado, journal ember vol.2 no.four
December 2014,
8. Hall. 798-799, to be had from: url:
https://ejournal.usa.ac.identity/index.php/emba/article/viewfile/6470/5997
9. Schiff man, l., &kanuk. L. purchaser behavior. Eighth version. Top Saddle River. Pearson.
Prentice corridor. New Jersey, 2007.
10. Gain, carol, f., &gain, c, r. the product attributes version: a device for comparing logo
positioning. Journal of advertising. 2003 (stated 2018 April 20) to be had from: url::
http://www.bryongaskin.internet/training/mba%20track/cuttingedge/mba671/termpercent
20 paper[H2] /til-6-1-04/productpercent20attributes logo%20positioning%205-28-04.pdf

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CHAPTER-2
“A STUDY ON INDIGO AIRLINES FACTORS AFFECTING THE SALES AND ITS
SPECIAL REFERENCE”
Mr. J JANARTHANAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
KATHIR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, COIMBATORE.
N CURENT SITUATION”
ABSTRACAT
India's aviation industry is largely untapped with enormous growth Motorola rtunities, provided
that air transport is still expensive to most of the
country's population, almost 40 per cent of whom are
the upwardly mobile middle class. The industry will
engage and work with policy makers to adopt effective
and rational decisions to improve India's civil aviation
industry. The primary aim is to identify the factors
responsible for low sales of INDIGO. Secondly, the
aim is to evaluate the causal relationship between factors identified and the dependent variable
airline choice. It was found that INDIGO should reduce the cost of ticket on both domestic and
international flights. Customer doesn’t find services delivered up to the mark. The quality of food,
service of cabin-crew, lateness of flight and safety should be improved by INDIGO to remain
competitive in the market. It has become and more imperative for the INDIGO to prove its mettle
and not just settle on the taxpayers money bailed out by the exchequer but also on price, service
and safety ground.
KEYWORDS
Sales, Indigo, Airlines, India, Customers, preference
INTRODUCTION
The transport sector of the country plays an integral part in the growth and development of the
economy. India is currently the ninth largest aviation market in the world, according to the Indian

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Aerospace Industry Analysis report. As far as air cargo tonnage is concerned, India is leading the
South Asian region, which includes Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal,
Pakistan and Sri Lanka. India currently has 128 airports, including 15 international airports. Over
the past three years, India's civil aviation industry has emerged as one of the country's fastest
growing industries. India is currently the world's third largest domestic market for civil aviation.
India has become the third largest domestic aviation market in the world and is expected to be the
third largest air passenger* market by 2024 to surpass the UK.
ABOUT THE INDIGO AIRLINES
I. COMPANY PROFILE
INDIGO is the flag carrier airline of India, owned by INDIGO Limited, a government of India
enterprise. The airline operates a fleet of Airbus and Boeing aircrafts serving various domestic and
international airports. It has its headquarters located at the Indian Airlines House, New Delhi. It
has two major domestic hubs at Indira Gandhi International Airport (New Delhi) and Chhatrapati
Shivaji International Airport (Mumbai). Its secondary hubs are at Chennai International Airport
(Chennai) and NetajiSubhash Chandra Bose International Airport (Kolkata). However,
international hub is being planned at Dubai International Airport, Dubai.Its fleet size is 133
(including subsidiaries) which includes youngest fleets providing superior flight experience As of
June 2014 INDIGO serves 131
INDIGO was once the largest operator in Indian sub-continent with the market share of over 60%.
Indifference financial performance and services, labor trouble pushed it to 4th place in India behind
low cost carriers like Spice Jet and its full service rivalry Jet Airways. As of January 2014,
INDIGO is the 3rdlargest carrier in India, after Indigo and Jet Airways with the market share of
just above 19%.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Gilbert and Wong (2003) have compared and measured the differences in expectations of
passengers’ of airline service quality on the factors like Assurance, Facilities, Reliability and Flight
Patterns, Employees, Responsiveness dimensions and Customization. Other researchers have
analyzed the relationship between behavioral loyalty, passenger satisfaction, and airline service
quality, (Ostrowski & O’Brien, 1993; Chan, 2000).
Etherington and Var 1984 and Furrer, Liu, and Sudharshan 2000 have studied the relationships
between airline service and service quality. Crespo-Almendros & Del Barrio-García, 2016) found
that, while purchasing any airline ticket discounts are the major contributors for online buyers
while accommodation is vital for expert users.
Alireza Aghighi, 2015 found that sale promotion also adds to the sales of airline ticket but the
attitude and behaviour of the customer should be borne in mind. A study conducted on the online
buying behaviors clearly indicated.

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OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
After many private players in the airline industry the present focus is that how can INDIGO
improve passenger experience and satisfaction to improve sales. Over the past few years, market
share, passenger satisfaction and operating revenue of INDIGO has declined drastically. Objective
of the study is to identify the underlying causes of passenger dissatisfaction and evaluate the causal
relationship between those factors and airline choice. The primary aim is to identify the factors
responsible for low sales of INDIGO. Secondly, the aim is to evaluate the causal relationship
between factors identified and the dependent variable airline choice.
HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT
Based on the review of literature and the objective Following are the hypotheses formulated from
the causes identified
H01: Air fare has a direct and negative impact on airline choice
H02: On time performance has a direct and negative impact on airline choice
H03: Age of aircraft has a direct and negative impact on airline choice
H04: In-flight service has a direct and negative impact on airline choice
H05: Airline staff has a direct and negative impact on airline choice
METHODOLOGY
The study's general approach is focused on survey.
In addition, it uses detailed cross-sectional research design. The target population is INDIGO's
passengers. Non- probability convenience sampling is the sampling method used. There are
registered and evaluated a total of 110 responses. In this study, Structured Questionnaire is the tool
used to collect data. Validity testing is conducted to ensure that the questionnaire actually measures
the intended purpose. Collected data will be marked, stored, cleaned and tabulated. In this analysis,
the data collected were analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques to
address research questions. Analysis is performed using the SPSS software package. The results
are presented in tables and charts.
PRESENT STATUS OF INDIGO LIMITED
Incorporated in 2006, Interglobe Aviation Ltd is India based aviation, hospitality and travel related
service provider. Company own and operate 'IndiGo', India's largest airline with over 33% of

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domestic passenger market share. IndiGo Airline, the low-cost airline carries the brand message
of providing "low fares, on-time flights and a hassle-free experience" to air travelers in India.
IndiGo has scheduled services to 33 cities within India and 5 cities (Bangkok, Dubai, Kathmandu,
Muscat and Singapore) internationally with 623 daily flights. Company also has a joint venture
with Accor Asia Pacific since 2004 to develop a network of 'ibis' hotels throughout India, Nepal,
Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. With 10 ibis hotels open and 9 under development, the company shall
have a portfolio of 19 operational hotels with room inventory of about 3500 rooms by 2017.
MOTOROLA RTUNITIES
 Dedicated set of customers
 Can leverage on brand new fleet
 Expansion of routes and international destinations
 Solving international issues regarding workforce can highly boost image and operations
 The routes agreement is easier to achieve
 The number of foreign visitors and investors to India is increasing rapidly

 Complementary industry like tourism will increase demand for airline servicesCustomers
are getting wealthier, tend to be less price conscious and prefer to choose quality service
over cost
THREATS
 Rising labour costs
 Rising fuel costs
 Faces imminent aggressive competition from world leading airlines and price wars
triggered by domestic players
 Losing market share due to other airlines
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
 Effective Motivation techniques lead to proper satisfaction of the needs of the employees.
 If the Motivation techniques are correlated with the Job Satisfaction, then it would help the
managers in implementing such techniques and thus getting work done from the
employees.
 The study also deals with the present job situation.
 Improving Motivation techniques leads to low employees’ turnover rate.
 Improving Motivation techniques will help the INDIGO in improving the brand image.
 Employees will be more dedicated and loyal towards INDIGO.
 The approach of study has been from the point of view of developing and effective
motivation program.
 These techniques can also be adopted for the blue collar employees of INDIGO Limited

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LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
 Few of the respondents hesitated to give the correct information.
 Few of the employees hesitated to give their opinion against the management.
 The study does not cover, what is the motivation factor for each employee.
 The study pertains to the employees of western region Mumbai only. The findings of
the study cannot be generalized to employees of other region and out station.
 The period of the study was limited.
 The validity of the study depends on the reliability of Primary data
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
After the collection of data, the answer sheets are scored. Then, the data are tabulated and Pie
charts are formed using Microsoft Excel.
Table 1
Table showing response of employees as to whether they find Motorola rtunity for advancement
(career growth) in INDIGO Limited
Response No. Of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
0 0
Agree 13 22
Neutral 8 13
Disagree 27 45
Highly
Disagree
12 20
Total 60 100
INFERENCE
The table clearly shows that majority of the employees (i.e. 45%+20%= 65%) do not find the
Motorola rtunity for their career growth and only 22% employees experiences the Motorola site.
Table 2
Table showing response of employees as to whether timely training programs are provided to them

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Response No. Of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
2 3
Agree 25 42
Neutral 9 15
Disagree 18 30
Highly
Disagree
6 10
Total 60 100
Inference:
The above table indicates that 45% of employees agree that timely training programs are provided,
but at the same time 40% employees shows contradiction to this. The difference between the two
is not too much and can be considered equal.From the table, it can be stated that more than 50%
of employees agree that they are inspired from their superior’s guidance and instructions. But at
the same time we cannot deny that 35% employees are Neutral to this question.
TABLE 3
Table showing responses of employees as to superior always recognises their work
Response No. Of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
6 10
Agree 40 67
Neutral 6 10
Disagree 6 10
Highly
Disagree
2 3
Total 60 100
Inference
The above table clearly points out that majority of the employees (77%) agree that their supervisors
always recognise their work.
TABLE 4

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Table showing response of the employees as to guidance and instructions from their superiors
always inspire them to work
Response No.of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
2 3
Agree 29 49
Neutral 21 35
Disagree 6 10
Highly
Disagree
2 3
Total 60 100
Inference
The above table clearly points out that majority of the employees (64%) agree that their
supervisors always recognise their work.
TABLE 5
Table showing responses of the employees as to whether they are valued equally in the
organization
Response No. of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
10 17
Agree 29 48
Neutral 10 17
Disagree 11 18
Highly
Disagree
0 0
Total 60 100
Inference:
Here, majority of the employees (i.e. 65%) agree to this fact that they are valued equally in the
organization

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TABLE 6
Table showing responses of the employees as to the organization provides them with Motorola
rtunity of independent thinking and decision making
Response No. Of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
3 5
Agree 35 58
Neutral 10 17
Disagree 12 20
Highly
Disagree
0 0
Total 60 100
Inference:
From the table it is construed that 63% of the employees are provided with the Motorola rtunity
of independent thinking and decision making in the organization. But this fact can’t be neglected
that 20% employees disagree to this situation.
TABLE 7
Table showing responses of the employees as effective performance appraisal system is adopted
in the organization
Response No. of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
4 7
Agree 34 57
Neutral 12 20
Disagree 8 13
Highly
Disagree
2 3
Total 60 100
Inference:

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From the table it is clear that 64% employees agree that Performance Appraisal system adopted
in the organization is very effective. On the other hand 15% of the employees are dissatisfied
with it.
TABLE 8
Table showing responses of the employees as to fringe benefits provided in the organization are
satisfactory and motivating
Response No. of
Respondents
Percentage
Strongly
Agree
10 17
Agree 40 67
Neutral 6 10
Disagree 2 3
Highly
Disagree
2 3
Total 60 100
Inference:
From the table it is interpreted that 84% employees agree that Fringe benefits provided by the
organization is motivating.
INTERPRETATION AND FINDINGS
 From the project study it is found that majority of the employees agree that there are no
career growth and advancement Motorola rtunities in the organization.
 From the project study it is revealed that around 50% of the employees are satisfied with
the training programs provided in the organization whereas the other half displays
contradiction to this.
 The study has also revealed that employee’s work is recognized by their supervisors and
it is a big motivational factor for the employees.
 This project study has also revealed that majority of the employees get motivated from
the guidance and the instructions they get from their supervisors.
 It has been found that majority of the employees are valued equally in the organization.
 From the study it can be construed that majority of the employees are provided with the
Motorola rtunity of independent thinking and decision making in the organization.
 From the data analysis it is found that the Performance appraisal system implemented in
the organization is very effective.

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.
SUGGESTIONS
1. The study has clearly revealed that there is a prudent need for systematic training plans at all
levels. This would definitely lower down the percentage of employees (40%) who said that
timely training programs are not provided.
2. Training programs may be conducted on various topics like motivation, team building skills,
case study analysis, stress management techniques and many others.
3. KRA and KPI’s can be formulated for each employeeto enable efficiency in productivity.
4. The superior/Reporting Officer must give proper feedback sessions and seek suggestions from
his subordinates for overall development of proceduresand processes.
5. The major portion of the employees is covered with in the segment of above 40 years of age,
hence training on stress management and Health management are suggested.
6. The study had also revealed that time gap for taking decisions is longer than expected hence it
is pertinent to implement time frame for clearance of note sheets raised seeking decisions of the
higher ups.
CONCLUSION
With the arrival of many private low cost carriers and international carriers, INDIGO should
reduce the cost of ticket on both domestic and international flights. Customer doesn’t find services
delivered up to the mark. The quality of food, service of cabin-crew, lateness of flight and safety
should be improved by INDIGO to remain competitive in the market. It has become and more
imperative for the INDIGO to prove its mettle and not just settle on the taxpayers money bailed
out by the exchequer but also on price, service and safety ground.
REFEREANCE
1) Egan Toby Marshall, Yang Baiyin, Barlett Kenneth R., The Effects of Organizational
Learning Culture and Job Satisfaction on Motivation to transfer learning and turnover
intension, human resource development quarterly, vol. 15, no. 3, fall 2004
2) Ilies R. And Judge T. A (2003). On the heritability of Job Satisfaction: the mediating role
of personality Journal of applied psychology, 88, 750-759
3) Moncrief L (2010). 5 Powerful Tools to Improve Employee Motivation and Job
Satisfaction without Money
4) Oraman Yasemin, (2011), work motivation and job satisfaction dynamics of textile
employees, African journal of Business Management Vol. 5(8), pp. 3361-3368, 18 April,
2011Vroom, V. H. Work and Motivation, New York: John Wiley 1964.

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5) Sharma B. A. V., et al., Research Methods in Social Sciences, New Delhi, Sterling
Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1983 Tyrrell Sidney, SPSS: Stats Practically Short and Simple, 1st
Edition ISBN 978-87-7681-474-8
6) Singpurwalla Darius, A Handbook of Statistics: An Overview of Statistical Methods, 2013,
ISBN 978-87-403-0542-5
7) http://www.airindia.in
8) http://www.airlinereporter.com
9) http://www.seatmaestro.com
10) http://www.hindustantimes.com
11) http://www.business-standard.com.

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CHAPTER – 3
“AN OVERVIEW ON ELECTRIC CARS ARE THE FUTURE OF
TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA”
Mr. R RAJA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES
PARVATHYS ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE, DINDIGUL
ABSTRACT
The motor vehicle industry has been the leading consumer of fossil fuel worldwide resulting in
adverse effects on the environment. This
study used secondary sources of information
from previous research in scholarly journals,
Google scholar as well as eBooks, case
studies, science direct, research gate, and
achieved in the electric car development
include: the reduction of charging time for
effectiveness in use, the introduction of
supercapacitors that ensures increased
charge storage, and with greater effective
electromotive force. Additionally, some governments in developed countries do offer subsidies to
support electric car manufacturing companies and customers purchasing electric vehicles in order
to meet their carbon dioxide pollution reduction obligations, reduce production costs, and make
EVs more affordable. Additional findings include: the belief that Electric Vehicles have adverse
effects on the environment compared to standard vehicles that this is due to the fact that a lot of
fossil fuels are consumed during the manufacturing of Electric vehicles. The conclusion is that
more research and study should be done to provide insight into the manufacturing process of
Electric Vehicles. There is not much data available to conclude a strong foothold regarding fossil
fuel consumption when making Electric Vehicles. Areas for further study include: investigating
the current state of more efficient energy storage technologies, longevity of storage batteries
beyond current 5-7 years of life.

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INTRODUCTION
Fossil fuel-dependent vehicles have faced criticism on the effects they have on the environment
concerning global warming as well as other pollution conditions (Brand & Anable, 2019). To start
with, oil and gas are nonrenewable sources of energy, and it is predicted that these two sources
will be depleted within the next 100 years. This means existing reserves should be exploited
conservatively to ensure meeting the current energy needs of the people as well as the future
generations (Burch & Gilchrist, 2018). Also, this has generated a need to look for other sources of
non-fossil energy.
With regards to the effects, they have on the environment, the petroleum industry has been the
chief contributor to climate change and environmental pollution especially from the vehicular
impact as well as for industrial purposes (Liu et al., 2020). Following environmental activists’
perspective, most of them claim that doing away with fossil fuel completely is a better direction
that humanity should take in the move to save our planet. The main question is, will it be done
away with at the expense of the needs of the current generation? So far there hasn't been a better
energy source that can rival fossil fuel due to inconvenience, concerns as well as the cost. However,
with the passing of time and the constraints that are associated with its continual consumption,
humans have been forced to find alternatives to slowly replace it. (Jack, 2019)
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Taking active measures to reduce environmental pollution which entails the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions has been considered as a solution towards the saving of our planet. The
sectors that consume the most fossil fuel including the transportation, industrial, and the
construction sectors have been forced to help combat environmental pollution conditions as well
as the effects of climate change.
The motor vehicle industry has mitigated the problem with the introduction of electric cars with
which the fossil fuel consumption is to be directed only to the heavy-duty machines rather than the
small passenger cars. Despite the laxity in coming up with more sophisticated systems that are
cost-effective for use, substantial efforts are visible and within the next three decades, electric cars
will be affordable and cost-effective (Hensher, 2020).
Taking an extensive look into electric cars through research and sharing of ideas can be considered
to be the cornerstone of this new revolution of going green and saving our planet. For example,
Tesla Motors has championed the use of electric cars through sophisticated and modern techniques
in ensuring that this becomes a living reality.
REVIEW LITERATURE
This literature review focuses on the findings for which the adoption of electric cars could
contribute to environmental conservation as well as the effectiveness to which they can operate
without having a compromise on the state of the global economy as the efficiency in the

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transportation. Ensuring that our future generations can meet their needs is a collective
responsibility that we are faced with as humans especially in the energy sector as well as for the
environment at large. To be specific, the motor vehicle industry has been the chief contributor to
environmental pollution and the effects of climate change (Bhandarkar, 2013).
In order to answer the research questions, this literature review and the paper is organized based
on the following topics: (a) The possibility of Electric cars replacing gasoline dependent cars, the
obstacles they face and how they are answered; (b) Solving charging time for Electric cars and
how the issue of long distance travel is being addressed and solved; (c) The limitations and
alternative sources of energy used in manufacturing Electric cars; and to show milestones that
humans have achieved since the adoption of electric cars.
ABOUT THE TESA ELECTRIC VEHICLES
According to Hoffman (2015), Tesla Motors is
one of the pioneers in the innovation of electric
motors. This case study illustrates the various
strategies that they put in place to ensure that
this becomes a reality in addition to the
competitive advantages that they have in terms
of the resources and availability of skilled
personnel.
Tesla motors deals in the fabrication, manufacturing, assembling, and sale of electric cars majorly
in the US, China, and internationally. Making it to the top despite the newness of their technology
as well as the unfavorable market conditions has been underpinned by their immutable strategies
and leadership skills which have, in turn, enabled them to win a massive demand.
TECHNOLOGY
Elon Musk who is the CEO at SpaceX is as well the CEO at Tesla Motors, with this, he has joined
up the technical advances that are utilized in the rockets on electric cars. With this, they have
managed to be in the development frontier which has, in turn, enhanced their electric cars
immensely (Liu et al., 2014). Most of their target market views them as a copy cut of the SpaceX
rockets and this has been a contributing factor towards their global dominance.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
Following the continued environmental concerns related to the fossil fuel use and transport sector
being the leading contributor to environmental pollution, most of the state governments have
moved towards the support of the use of greener sources of energy that include solar, HEP power,
biogas, and wind (Martins et al., 2019). Tesla being in the frontier of ensuring that going green is

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a reality through their advanced electric cars, they have managed to get government support
through subsidies and political influence that has enabled them to reach the market more easily.
MERGER AND ACQUISITION
Eliminating middlemen and ensuring that all the production is done under one roof has been among
the leading contributors to the success of Tesla Motors. For instance, the acquisition of Hiba
Systems, a private company specialized in the manufacture of batteries has greatly impacted the
great milestone of their charging system (Wiebe, 2019). Additionally, Deep Scale, one of the AI
start-ups was also acquired by Tesla Motors, this has ensured that their products can be of world-
class quality. A sensitized production where every part has a specialized team handling is currently
the futile business model that can be adopted in the competitive world.
INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
To keep the track of the consumerist economy, Tesla has majorly focused on performing intense
research for continued improvement of their vehicles (Castellan, 2020). Their budget allocated for
research has been growing over the years putting them at a competitive advantage with other car
manufacturing firms that depend on gasoline for propulsion. One of the major advances that they
have put in place to help them win the interest of the public, is the use of social media in dissuading
the masses from using gasoline cars for the move towards the reduction of carbon footprints.
Events such as the global environmental days have provided a favorable podium for showcasing
their products.
GEOGRAPHIC EXPANSION
Ensuring that they can penetrate all economies and be able to access the whole world as a market
to their product has been another contributing strategy towards the success of Tesla Motors.
Currently, they are setting their stores everywhere across the globe to ensure that the vast
population can be able to get access to electric cars. China is one of their leading markets where
they have set a number of their stores, with the government of China getting involved in electric
car sales and production, Tesla Motors has been enjoying the benefits of tax-free trade with which
the import duty and tax tariffs have been lifted for them. This has additionally enabled them to get
access to the market. The intense competition that they were facing from the gasoline dependent
vehicles has greatly been reduced and there is a great chance of the company growing greatly.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Due to a variety of variables, electric automobiles have seen the most widespread acceptance of
alternatively powered vehicles (Wilberforce et al., 2017). For starters, the cost of electricity is
comparable to the cost of gasoline for cuss timers. Second, practically everyone who owns a car
has access to a power source at home. It's simple to recharge. As documented in the 2006
documentary "Who Killed the Electric Car," electric automobiles failed when they first came to
market, owing to high costs, a lack of familiarity, and reluctance from major automakers to produce

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them. However, a lot has changed since 2006. Electric cars are becoming more ubiquitous on
American and European roadways, and their popularity is growing. But, can electric cars truly
replace our gas-powered vehicles, or will they constantly trail behind their predecessors? The
expense of replacing gas-powered cars with electric vehicles, or EVs, is the first major roadblock.
Electric vehicles have always had
higher upfront costs than gas
automobiles. New technologies are
lowering costs to make them more
competitive, but the purchase price
remains an important factor to
consider. However, once you
purchase the vehicle, the cost of
ownership decreases. Tire rotation
and replacement are still required,
but oil changes and trips to the gas
station are no longer required. In
general, the expenses of
maintenance and general operation
are lower with an EV than with a gas
automobile. In addition, the government has provided some tax breaks and credits to consumers
who buy electric vehicles, which might help to reduce the cost even more.
The battery is another barrier that many individuals face when it comes to owning an electric
vehicle. Despite Tesla Motors' (TSLA) efforts to enhance battery technology, most electric
vehicles still have a limited range. The Nissan Leaf, for example (disclaimer: my father owns a
Nissan Leaf), can only travel around 100 to 200 miles on a full charge, and even less with the air
conditioning or heat on. 2 These vehicles are useful for commuting, but they are not suitable for
extended drives or road excursions.
Even if you can find a charger at your midway point, if you want to make it back, you'll need to
take the time to plug in (Rapier and Albrecht, 2020). Chargers are becoming more widely available,
but the battery is still preventing electric vehicles from reaching their full potential. On a regular
outlet, charging my father's Nissan Leaf from 0% to 100% takes all night. You can charge in seven
hours with a home charging station, which can cost thousands of dollars to buy and install. New
charger technology allows you to charge to 80% in 30 minutes, however these chargers are pricey
and difficult to find.
SOLVING CHARGING TIME FOR ELECTRIC CARS
Due to the large number of new electric vehicles that will be entering the market in the coming
year, many people are wondering how we will be able to charge all of these automobiles. After all,
there are around 15 electric vehicles for every one public charging station, so it is a reasonable
topic to pose. Even in California, which has the most developed electric vehicle market, the 10:1

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ratio is not significantly better (Ait-Ouahmed, 2018). These figures do not take into account the
fact that about 95 percent of the currently available public chargers.
Are Level 2 chargers, which means it will take approximately 8-12 hours to fully charge a Tesla?
When electric vehicles inevitably become commonplace, it will be a tremendous challenge to
develop a public transportation system that functions in the manner in which people are
accustomed. As a result, electric vehicles such as the Tesla Model 3 are bound to failure, as some
have predicted.
POSSIBILITY OF USING ELECTRIC CARS IN LONG DISTANCE TRAVEL
Taking a road trip was not an option when electric vehicles first entered the market and were
available to the general public. Long-distance driving was hampered by a number of significant
obstacles, including the high cost of electric vehicles, a scarcity of charging stations across the
country, and slow charging batteries. All three of these limits have now been overcome, making
road trips with your electric vehicle virtually as simple as driving a gas-powered vehicle
(Ackerman et al., 2021).
The prospect for more charging stations, which is rising every year, addresses the worry of taking
long distance trips with your EV. There are 21,362 charging stations with 61,679 charging outlets
around the United States as of March 2019. Drivers should expect to see more charging stations
available each year as more electric cars hit the road. Every week, more stations are added to the
list, not just in major cities, but across the country, notably along state and interstate highways.
MILESTONES ACHIEVED IN ELECTRIC CARS DEVELOPMENT
The major milestones are depicted from the efficiency rooting from being super-fast. EVs are
lightning fast. It's ridiculously quick, and it's only getting faster with new developments. Every
electric vehicle, no matter how powerful its battery, will need to be charged at some time. The
good news is that charging stations are springing up all over the country: there are already over
16,000, up from a few thousand just a few years ago and charging times are also decreasing
(Kremer et al., 2014)
As EV batteries develop, owners will be able to drive their cars for longer periods of time between
charges. This summer, someone established a Tesla range record by driving 670 miles on a single
battery charge. This helps get rid of "range anxiety".
LIMITATIONS OF ELECTRIC CARS
In the electric vehicle market, there are various constraints that limit growth and demand. There
are causes that are currently causing concern, as well as elements that are expected to cause
concern in the future (Andersen, 2013). This article discusses these concerns as well as proposed
solutions. They include the following: battery capacity. Of course, no matter how long their range

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is, plug-in electric vehicles must be charged on a regular basis. Around 80% of electric vehicle
charging takes place at home.
Electric vehicles consume a lot of energy. With electric vehicles accounting for less than 2% of all
vehicles on the road in the United States, their impact on the electrical grid is now insignificant.
However, as the number of electric vehicles on the road grows, we should expect them to put a
burden on infrastructure.
Alternatives to the Energy Sector Apart from Electricity and Fossil Fuel The main alternatives to
oil and gas energy include nuclear power, solar power, ethanol, and wind power. Fossil fuels still
outnumber these alternatives in global and domestic energy markets, but there is significant public
pressure to increase their use as corporations migrate toward sustainability, cleaner and greener
business practices.
Fossil fuels, which primarily include coal, oil, propane, and natural gas, will account for 79 percent
of total energy use in the United States by 2020. Alternative energy sources have so far shown to
be uneconomical alternatives to fossil fuels; they are inefficient and expensive (or, in the case of
nuclear power, completely constrained in their ability to increase) compared to fossil fuels (Milano
et al., 2016). As a result, the government now provides a number of incentives to those who choose
cleaner renewable energy sources for their houses or cars. As more research and development is
done in this field, supply and demand economics rules will eventually drive costs down to be
competitive.
CONSUMERISM ON CAR DEMAND
According to Housman et al., (2001), a consumer dictated mode of production has been the cause
of lag in the control of pollution effects which has, in turn, resulted in climate change getting out
of hand. They depict a situation that the consumerism ideology that goods and services have to be
as dictated by the consumers rather than the general picture of sustainability and health
Considerations has been a leading cause of the detrimental effects humans are causing to the
environment. As per the case of the motor vehicle industry, the efficiency in terms of ease of use,
speed, and refilling has been the impacting factor concentrating almost all the players in the
transport sector to depend on fossil fuel (Jaw et al., 2017). On the other hand, their use has resulted
in environmental deterioration that includes the greenhouse gases such as methane, carbon
monoxide, Sulphur (IV) oxide, and some heavy metals getting into contact with the environment.
The growing health concerns such as the increased cancer cases have been associated with the
effects of the heavy metals getting into contact with the human systems through inhalation as well
as bio magnification. Resorting to electric cars has been speculated to not only help in solving this
global disaster but as well, enhance the quality of life. (Super, 2007)
GOING GREEN MOVEMENT

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The future of investment in electric cars is luminous and it is high time for companies to do much
research in the better ways of eliminating the use of petroleum derivate as a source of energy.
(Wilberforce et al., 2017). Moving towards a safe environment free from carbon-related emissions
has been a global target for global economies worldwide. Most of the governments worldwide
have offered to give subsidies to companies focused on the research of how electric cars can rival
fossil fuel-dependent vehicles. As per the global carbon emission data, it has been established that
states such as China and the US have b
Even the leading emitters of greenhouse gases that lead to climate
Change and other detrimental effects
on the environment (Zhang et al.,
2018). Ensuring that the environment
can regain its initial safe state free
from toxic compounds has been
initiated by resolving the motor
vehicle sector before other sectors
such as the manufacturing sector can
be focused upon (Ayes, 2017). If the reduction or rather elimination of the oil and natural gas-
dependent vehicles could be eliminated, the world could become more sustainable and self-
sufficient for humans and other endangered species threatened by the imbalance being caused by
the pollution effects.
MARKET DEMAND FOR ELECTRIC CARS
A perennial question on who will buy the electric cars has been a hot topic that has posed many
impediments to the continued research on how effectively they could infiltrate the competitive
markets, as illustrated by Liven et al., (2011). Since the introduction of electric cars in the market,
they have not proved to be cost-effective for use especially as a result of their high demand for an
intense car as well as the time taken for recharging them.
Since fossil fuels are currently available in large quantities at affordable prices, competing fairly
with electric cars has been a bigger challenge since people prefer what will be convenient for them
and cost-effective. Using electric cars demands that only short distances are covered, and much
time is spent on recharging them, which makes them unavailable especially for the middle class
(Firestorm and Solti, 2021).
This has therefore isolated them for use only by the rich tycoons who prefer to drive them as toys
for prestige rather than for the need to move and transport goods. Since there is better improvement
in them and a ray of light has been shone on the possibility of them becoming cost-effective
especially by the renowned revolutionary company, Tesla Motors, they could be depended upon
in the future as fuel crisis continue to soar in the tough economic times.

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THE LOAD CAPACITY OF ELECTRIC CARS
Despite the continued need for the adoption of electric cars to help solve the environmental
pollution effects of fossil fuels, the power generated by electric cars has not been sufficient for
day-to-day transportation, (Belousova et al., 2015). Bringing the use of fossil fuel to an immediate
halt will reduce environmental pollution immensely, however, it will cause a huge blow to the
global economies in terms of production since almost all sectors depend on transportation for the
economy to move. The existing electric cars have proved to be less effective in terms of the energy
quotient. Before you can use them, you need to spend at least an hour recharging them in an optimal
condition, with which, the duration might be even more, additionally, it takes a short while before
the energy is depleted and it requires another recharging. Most of the investors in the transport
sector have their backs on the use of electric cars especially taxis and personal cars. If it could be
possible that they come cheaply, people could bear the duration of charge, however, they have
proved to be the relatively most expensive cars that exist in the market. Therefore, even though it
will take long before they can be adopted for use, adopting them will demand enabling conditions
such as resource constraints as well as governmental enforcement.
STRESS TO THE HVAC SYSTEMS THROUGH ELECTRIC CARS
As further illustrated by Liven et al., (2011), the impact that electric cars will have on the economy
will as well be a strain in other sectors such as the Heating, Ventilation, and Air conditioning
HVAC facilities since there will be stress in their limited supply of electrical energy.
In the current time, the electrical energy available through HEP systems, as well as biomass, has
been constrained to the extent that people have resorted to supplementing it with fossil fuels.
Considering economies such as Saudi Arabia where oil and natural gas is the main source of
electricity have proved that the electric cars dependence on the grid system will be ineffective,
therefore, their dependence on the direct gasoline could be superior to the recharging.
On the lighter side of it, the high demand for more electrical energy could force global economies
to be more inventive and formulate possibilities with which the HEP sources could be harnessed
effectively to ensure that the growing demand is met. According to their script, Liven et al., (2011)
insist that there is a potential of producing surplus electricity that could be used in all the sectors
if the great potential in rivers is fully utilized for the generation of power. Therefore, the possibility
of electric vehicles causing stress to the existing resources could be minimized.
Energy security can never be a big issue if the government puts much effort into ensuring that the
available resources are fully exploited, especially HEP sources that could solve the great energy
crisis that the world is facing today.
WIND ENERGY FOR ELECTRIC CARS
An extensive work done by Telekom et al., (2012) illustrates a case study of the Netherlands
project on how to utilize their wind energy for electric cars.

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Environmental pollution through emissions has been aimed at ensuring that they can be reduced
by handling the sectors of the economy that contribute much to these emissions. A case study in
the Netherlands showed how they plan to adopt electric vehicles that will harness their abundant
wind energy for recharging. The Netherlands has over the years depended on the importation of
oil and natural gas from foreign countries, this has not only placed them in a compromising state
in terms of national security but has as well forced them to stress on their available resources to
strike a balance on their foreign exchange recovery. With the intended dependence on wind energy
for the motor vehicle sector, there will be an immense impact on their economy as they will be
more self-reliant and have a great sense of national security.
OVERCOMING the Resistance of Electric Cars
According to Christensen et al., (2012), the enforcement of the use of electric cars as a case study
in Denmark will face resistance especially by the investors in the oil and natural gas sector as well
as the general population depending on the gasoline cars. Putting individuals and organizations
out of business especially by depriving them of their only market will mean that there will be
interference to their living standards. With the current democratic movement where the majority
rules, resistance by a majority will mean continued use of fossil fuels unlike the stipulated better
way of focusing on the more
Despite the weight and the lesser energy effectiveness that could be experienced by it, this could
be an ultimate solution that could be more feasible for the future investment in electric cars. They
speculated that Denmark could be the first country to have the total shift to the greener energy
sources ahead of the US despite the superior technologies that have been put in place to enhance
the research for the adoption of electric cars in the US.
SUBSIDY FOR THE ELECTRIC CARS
According to Holtsmark et al., (2014), government involvement in ensuring that the citizens adopt
the green energy sources should not by the forceful implementation of the policies, but rather
through tactical concepts such as the provision of subsidies to help support the sector. Ensuring
that more tax is enforced in the oil and natural gas sector can help promote the adoption of electric
cars in that they would be readily available to the people more conveniently.
Besides, ensuring that the companies moving towards the green energy sources are subsidized can
as well help promote the culture of greener energy adoption. Electric cars have been projected to
be the future of the transport sector as a result of the continued crisis in the energy sector. Coming
up with a more sustainable economy where a government does not have to depend on foreign aid
especially in the critical departments such as the energy sector ensures that national security is
enhanced.
The production of electric cars has faced insufficient research as well as skilled personnel to help
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electric car manufacturing which has as well suffered constraints such as the lack of sufficient
capital leading to their downfall. With the current government involvement in most of the
developed economies, it is possible that much of the innovations within the sector could be brought
to life and the move to ensure that the world is a better place to live in could be made a reality.
THE USE OF SUPERCAPACITORS FOR POWER STORAGE
Horn et al., (2019) worked on the development of superior power storage mechanism literature
and they showed a substantial light in the sector of adoption of electric cars. The problem
associated with bringing electric cars to life has been pegged on the energy effectiveness to which
they can operate.
Coupled with long hours of charging time, people have over the years had a negative attitude
towards the adoption of electric cars. The invention of supercapacitors that are capable of retaining
charge in large quantities and over a long period has shed much light on the move for making
electric cars convenient for use.
The shortcoming that was associated with the long hours of charging time could be reduced since
these supercapacitors take a relatively shorter time to charge, unlike the conventional batteries that
demand sufficient time to charge. It is possible that with the increasing research done in the sector,
electric cars could reach a state of great convenience in use.
The mechanism of operation of capacitors is that they store charge on their surfaces, these then
produce an electromotive force which can then be harnessed for use. Within the automobile
transportation sector, the existing modes of the battery have been less efficient and could not be
easily implemented for commercial purposes, however, with the recent discovery of
supercapacitors, more charge could be stored, and this can enhance the adoption of electric cars.
METHODOLOGY
This research is based on the secondary sources of information that include past research in
scholarly journals, Google scholar as well as eBooks, and case studies within the publishing
domain. Moreover, sciencedirect, research gate and google books contributed a lot in coming up
with robust findings for the study and were accessed from Google search results. It as well entails
a case study of the Tesla motors which will show a clear illustration of the various constraints and
the leverages that they are having as a company.
The keywords consisted of the following search terms: Environmental impact of electric cars,
future transportation, fossil fuel emissions and their effects, Tesla Mergers and Geographic
Expansion, consumerism on car demand, going green movement, and demand for electric cars.
Content analysis models based on deductive reasoning were considered in establishing.

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ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS
Reducing the carbon footprints requires individualistic efforts where everyone all over the world
takes care of their emissions and ensuring that they are not contributing to the adverse effects that
the greenhouse gases are causing to the environment (De Milo et al., 2019). This can be generalized
as a collective responsibility with which everyone is involved. Working on the measures to
dissuade people from buying gasoline vehicles in addition to the enforcement of administrative
bottlenecks within the governmental end can be a good way of ensuring that the shift is slow and
sure.
Capitalism and Motorola section by the groups making a living within the sector could be solved
by protecting their operations while blocking others from entering the market. Besides, the
government can as well offer subsidies to help in solving the unfair capital distribution especially
for the companies aligned with electric car production (Maseru et al., 2016). This could help reduce
the production cost as well as encourage more investors to dive in and make it run.
Electric vehicles have been proven to be the future of the transportation sector and it is only a
matter of time before this becomes effective (Honey et al., 2014). With the intense research,
government involvement, and public awareness, the move towards the adoption of electric cars is
futile.
CONCLUSION
Electric vehicles offer great potential to recuperate efficiency within the transport system. This is
majorly on roads, reducing traffic accidents, increasing productivity, and minimizing our
environmental impact in the process. However, they have also seen resistance from different
groups claiming that they are unsafe, pose a risk of being hacked, will threaten jobs, and increase
environmental pollution from increased driving as a result of their convenience. In order to gain
massively from the advancing technology of the electric car’s system and at the same time avoiding
some of the many pitfalls, it is vital to effectively find out what negative impacts we stand to face
in the future and what steps need to be taken now to avoid them as discussed in the paper. There
exists a gap that still needs much intervention and is entirely based on the additional insights of
how the policymaker’s actions now will affect the future development and use of emerging
technologies.
REFERANCE
1) Ayes, H., 2017. Analysis of carbon emission accounting practices of leading carbon
emitting European Union companies.
2) Begs, S., Cardel, S. and Housman, J., 2001. Assessing the potential demand for electric
cars. Journal of econometrics, 17(1), pp.1-19.

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3) Telekom, S., Benders, R., Pilgrim, S. and Moll, H., 2012. Electric cars and wind energy:
Two problems, one solution? A study to combine wind energy and electric cars in 2020 in
The Netherlands. Energy, 45(1), pp.859-866.
4) Bhandarkar, S., 2013. Vehicular pollution, their effect on human health and mitigation
measures. Vet. Eng., 1(2), pp.33-40.
5) Biella D., (2016, May 11). Electric Cars Are Not Necessarily Clean.
6) https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/electric-cars-are-not-necessarily-clean/
7) Brand, C. and Anable, J., 2019, June. ‘Disruption’ and ‘continuity’ in transport energy
systems: the case of the ban on new conventional fossil fuel vehicles. In European Council
for an Energy Efficient
8) Economy (ECEEE) Summer Study 2019 Proceedings (pp. 1117- 1127). Leeds.

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CHAPTER – 4
“A STUDY ON SAMSUNG SMART PHONES CUSTOMERS BRAND PREFERANCE
ON CURRENT SECNARIO”
Mr. B. VIGNESH
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
PGP COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, NAMAKKAL
ABSTRACT
The Smart phone, being compact in size, delivers an all-in-one resolution for mobile calls, internet
access and E-mails. Just the Smartphone sales have plunged for
several brands at a reasonable price as Samsung, Realme, One plus,
vivo and Nokia. India Stan ds set to become the 3rd Market for smart
phones in 4 years, according to researcher International figures Corporation, through smart phone
manufacturers launching more reasonable 4G handsets and looking to tap buyers in small cities
and towns. This research is designed to provide information about customer perception and factors
affecting their buying behavior with respect to Samsung smart phones. The research design used
is investigative in nature which motivation provide an importance on numerical data. The data for
analysis stayed collected by using survey method; with the sample for the typical customer through
simple casual sample approach. There are several explanations that every Smartphone has their
own benefit and luxury offered through the companies. The invention characteristics offered by
Samsung are not as good-looking as its competitors (such as Samsung) according to customer
perception. The company wants toward improve both of their goods in order to improvement
customer expectations. It remains suggested that the company should launch more smart phone
with standard quality for lower classes as this will help them to influence more consumer as lower
classes populace in country are high.
Key Words
Samsung, Brand, Smartphone, Realme, Customers, Market, and Product.
INTRODUCTION
About the Smart phones

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The term phone, refers to a multimedia smart phone handset, that's a multifunctional digital device
that has features starting from digital, audio-video playback, net browsing to a high-density screen
show together with numerous other multimedia options. Cell phone presents a one forestall
solution for cell calls, email sending and net get right of entry to. Clever phones are based totally
on an working machine, basically owning all the essential capabilities like that of a laptop,
inclusive of web surfing, emailing, video and voice chatting, audio-video playback, and others.
Till a few years ago, a cell phone became a personal virtual assistant having the calling capabilities
like a cellular smart phone, but these days’ cellular telephones own the functionality of brought
media players, compact virtual digital camera, GPS etc.
REVIEW LITERATURE
1) The maximum popular fashion in term of it use can been seen via the growth of dependency on
mobile-connected devices because it is not restrained for each day obligations however also been
applied in educational environments (koszalka & ntloedibe-kuswani, 2010). Educational activities
that comprise smartphone use are having access to of direction content, inspiring sharing and
dialogue consultation among instructors and college students and retrieving information
concerning college students’ performances. Consequently, telephone use may additionally lead
to crucial have an effect on in enhancing college students’ performance as this tool might
increase teaching and learning revel in. Woodcock et al. (2012) said that diverse place of students’
lives might trade through increasing telephone use as college students start to utilize this tool to
increase their studying know-how.
2) Froese et al. (2012) carried out a self-record survey to investigate students’ cell phone activity
in instructions and the potential impact of the sports on college students getting to know overall
performance. The end result indicates that the usage of cellular phone distracts students gaining
knowledge of system and college students agree with that their school room studying is disrupted
in the course of texting.
3) Every other take a look at performed with the aid of tindell and bohlander (2012) to recognize
the use and misuse of phone in university lecture placing. The locating shows that scholars are not
taking note of their magnificence lecturer as they may be spending an excessive amount of time
on texting. Observe conducted with the aid of elder (2013) suggests that scholars who used cellular
telephone in elegance rating lower than students who did now not use cellular smart phone
4) Alfawareh and jusoh (2014) look at discovered that scholars do now not completely utilize
smartphones for gaining knowledge of cause however utilize it to make calls, taking pix and
browsing net. Moreover, Hanson et al. (2011) stated that students prefer to use instantaneous
messaging, e-mail and net-surfing in library as samsung sed to searching into library on line
resources.
5) Phone has impacted college students lifestyles in various regions especially schooling, smart
phone use for training purposes introduce college students to global of know-how as students
are able to achieve numerous information by using a click on. Smartphone ready with net enabled

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function provide students the ability to be connected constantly and is easier for them to attain
educational related substances on-line every time.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
 To understand the profile of smart phone company Samsung
 To measure the consumers’ perception to Samsung smart phone
 To analyze the factors influencing the customers to choose Samsung
 The studies at the idea of customers brand preference in Samsung
 Covid-19 to analyze the destiny role of sale Samsung mobiles.
 The research assessment of customer’s satisfaction on Samsung mobiles.
HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
1. Hypotheses method used in the research have been summarized and agreed below.
2. Ho1: The best branded mobile phone Samsung sites awareness on Face book, Whatsapp,
Twitter, Instagram, and linked in, Youtube has not been influenced by the Gender of the
respondents, Age, and Educational qualification.
3. Ho2: Consumer motivational factors in quality Samsung mobile on Product Price, New
fashion, Public image, secured delivery, Color, Premium quality, designs and quantity, Advanced
technology, Easy availability has not similar with the Educational qualification and gender of
educational qualification.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design: Exploratory Data
Primary Data has been collected by “Questionnaire method” aimed at a particular investigation.
He is guileless for a moiled set of problems offered to defendants for their answers. Unpaid to this
flexibility, it is maximum common instrument used to collect the primary data.
Sampling Area: The survey was conducted in Madurai.
Sample size:- For the purpose of proper survey, around is need of faultless research instruments to
treasure out taster size for added correct result about procurement behavior of shopper products.
The sample size is 209 respondents: Sampling Technique Random sampling.
RESEARCH METHOLODOGY
The research methodology directs the general pattern of forming procedure for gathering valid and
reliable data in investigation. The research methodology is includes the description of sample size,

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research design, development, sampling techniques and description of the tools. The data
collection of Primary and secondary data for analyzing customers branded Samsung mobile
phones.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This research title is “A research on Samsung Smartphones Consumer Brand Preference in India
Current Scenario” and the methodology discussed the data collection, reliability analysis, sampling
design, period of the study pilot study and statistical tools and techniques in customers brand
preference Samsung branded mobile phones. In the current study and general analysis of Primary
survey data and Secondary data were used systematically.
SOURCES OF THE DATA
Primary Data
This research is primary source of data is attained by interview schedule to various respondents in
Madurai district.
Secondary Data
Secondary sources are the details are presented already. In this research the secondary data were
collected from the published articles, Newspapers, submitted thesis, previous records and internet
etc.
PRESENTAGE ANALYSIS
Table – 1 Gender
The 1 table is called the respondents in gender wise classification of male, female and other gender
selected for the Percentage analysis.
SI.NO Particulars Respondents Percentage
1 Male 106 50.72%
2 Female 96 45.93%
3 Other 7 3.35%
4 Total 209 100%

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The table-1 explain that out of 209 respondents male is (50.72%) and female is (45.93%) Then
respondents other generations (3.35%). It data calculated used to percentage analysis in 100 that
the majority (50.72%) of the respondents selected for the branded Samsung mobile phones.
2. Age (15-59)
SI. No Age Respondents Percentage
1 Less Than 15 11 5%
2 16 to 25 Years 82 39%
3 26 to 36 Years 55 26%
4 37 to 47 Years 33 16%
5 48 to 58 Years 19 9%
6 Above 59 Years 9 4%
7 Total 209 100%
50.72%
45.93%
3.35%
Male
Female
Other
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%
1. Gender
5%
39%
26%
16%
9%
4%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Less Than
15
16 to 25
Years
26 to 36
Years
37 to 47
Years
48 to 58
Years
Above 59
Years
2. Age

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The table -2 out of 209 respondents in different age groups less than 15 to above 59 it is 16-25 age
group highest level of (39%) this youth age respondents liked Samsung mobiles very low level
is above 59 years (4%) and medium level is 26 to 36 it is (26%) of age respondents. Then majority
of 16 to 25 age respondents.
3. Educational qualification
SI.NO Qualification Respondents Percentage
1 High school 33 16%
2 Higher secondary 28 13%
3 Graduate 87 42%
4 Post-graduate 43 21%
5 Others 18 9%
6 Total 209 100%
The table -3 is educational qualification more than graduate persons high percentage of (42 %)
then very lower level percentage of other (9%) total respondents 209 used percentage method in
100. And the majority of graduate and post graduate students. It is useful for customers brand
preference Samsung branded smart phones.
16%
13%
42%
21%
9%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45%
High school
Higher secondary
Graduate
Post-graduate
Others
3. Qualifications

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Table 4 Occupation
SI NO Occupation Respondents Percentage
1 Govt. employee 55 26%
2 Private Employee 71 34%
3 Self-Employee 41 20%
4 Business Man 24 11%
5 Agriculture 18 9%
6 Total 209 100%
Then table 4 is occupation in Govt employee 26%, private employee 34%, business persons and
agriculture responses total in 209, very low level is business man and agriculture. Finally the
brand of Samsung smart phone used private and government employees.
Table 5 Marital status Respondents
SI NO Marital status Respondents Percentage
1 Married 114 55%
26%
34%
20%
11%
9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Govt. employee Private
Employee
Self-Employee Business Man Agriculture
4. Occupation

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2 Single 95 45%
3 Total 209 100%
Then table 5 is marital status total 209 respondents single 45% is decreased and married
respondents is 55% it is highly useful to development of mobile brands.
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS QUESTIONARY
Q. No: 1 - Are you using any Smart phone?
SI. NO Particulars Respondents Percentage
1 Yes 200 96%
2 No 9 4%
3 Total 209 100%
55%
45%
Married
Single
40% 42% 44% 46% 48% 50% 52% 54% 56%
5. Maritial status
96%
4%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Yes
No
1 . Smart phone users

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The question is using smart phones yes is 96% not use smart phone 4% peoples in the 100
percentage data calculation analysis. Smartphone users increase useful to technological
development.
Q. No. 2 Which Mobile phone are you using currently?
SI. No Brands Respondents Percentage
1 Samsung 39 19%
2 One plus 44 21%
3 Realme 31 15%
4 Samsung 33 16%
5 Motorola 19 9%
6 Redmi 30 14%
7 Apple 13 6%
8 Total 209 100%
Question 2 is using mobile phone currently peoples liked and satisfied Samsung branded mobile
phone. Samsung is 21%, Samsung is 19%, Realme 15%, and Samsung 16%, Apple phone is 6%
total respondent is 209.
Q. No.3.What do you look for in a Smartphone?
19%
21%
15%
16%
9%
14%
6%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Oppo
One plus
Realme
Samsung
Motorola
Redmi
Apple
2. Current Mobilephone

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SI.
NO
Attributes Most
Important
Somewhat
Important
Least
Important
Total
1 Price 105 40 64 209
2 Features 47 80 82 209
3 Looks 146 33 30 209
4 Brand Name 79 74 56 209
5 OS (Android, and Others) 91 69 49 209
The respondents highly liked mobile phone design, Features, Performance, Price, Brand, it’s all
noted in customers and its main thing of customer’s satisfaction of branded Samsung mobile
phones.
Q.No.4 Price range to purchase a Samsung Realme Smartphone?
SI. No Price Range Respondents Percentage
1 8000-12000 70 33%
2 13000-17000 65 31%
3 18000- 22000 39 19%
4 23000-27000 21 10%
5 Above 30000 14 7%
6 Total 209 100%
105
47
146
79
91
40
80
33
74 69
64
82
30
56
49
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Price Features Looks Brand Name OS (Android, and
Others)
3. Attributes

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The price range of mobile phones more than customers like price range Rs 8000-12000, its
common price of smart phone for all brand. This price range all brands available one smart phones,
then Samsung is most popular brand list of one. Liked customers in this brand.
Q. No. 5 Source of purchase Realme Phone
SI.NO Source Respondents Percentage
1 Newspaper 51 24%
2 Television 37 18%
3 Family and Friends 70 33%
4 Dealers 33 16%
5 Others 18 9%
6 Total 209 100%
33%
31%
19%
10%
7%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40%
8000-12000
13000-17000
18000- 22000
23000-27000
Above 30000
4. Price Range
24
18
33
16
9
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Newspaper
Television
Family and Friends
Dealers
Others
5. Source

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Most of the customer’s mobile phone purchase source of family and friends it’s one of the effective
way of purchasing beaded smart phones. Another sources newspaper, television, and dealers. The
best source of 33% family and friends.
Q.NO. 6. You’re Preference for Branded Samsung smart phones?
SI.NO Awareness Level Respondents Percentage
1 Fully Aware 40 19%
2 Sufficiently aware 92 44%
3 Slightly aware 77 37%
4 Total 209 100%
The awareness level of Samsung smart phones fully aware is 19%, sufficiently aware 44% and
slightly aware.
SUGGESTIONS
 This observe advised approximately the client’s satisfaction level of Samsung Mobile
phones.
 Most of the respondents got here to recognize about the samsung Mobile Phones via
Friends, So the Advertising Can Be Progressed.
 They have a look at advised that the Samsung mobile phones may be offered In Retail
Shops.
 Handiest rich people can have the funds for samsung, if the charge reduces, the sales of the
Samsung cell can be accelerated.
19%
44%
37%
Fully Aware
Sufficiently aware
Slightly aware
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
6. Awareness level
Series1

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 The take a look at recommended that the models of the mobile phone may be similarly
stepped forward.
CONCLUSIONS
The take a look at concluded that in this contemporary business economic system. It's far very vital
in analyze approximately the Samsung mobiles. The observe end result about most people of the
customers are happy with the Samsung cellular but additionally there may be a disadvantage which
includes hike in fee and other factor like models of the product. Vital steps should be taken to
resolve issues of retaining customers of Samsung mobile scan be high, if the agency can understand
the desire and normal Reception of the patron. Therefore it will develop the advertising strategy
and market proportion of cell smartphone agency.
Brand attention plays a chief role in supporting the audiences understand, take into account, and
come to be secure with branding and products. Branding strategies will help the brand to become
pinnacle of thoughts whilst customers are equipped to investigate and make a buy. The attention
helps the clients in collecting the records and making purchasing picks. An excellent marketing
approach will simply attract a more number of clients in buying of the product. The majority of
the customers are thoroughly aware about the logo but nonetheless the sale of the product is
decrease, the corporation can similarly boom the sale by means of making availability of the
product within the shops convenient to customers, show rooms, and provider centers for after sale
service.
REFFRENCES
1) C.R. Kothari (2002), “study’s methodology”, sultan Chand guide, New Delhi.
2) Cooper, d. And chandler, p. (2013) commercial enterprise studies methods. New Delhi: Tata
McGraw. Cox, t. & phone-in, ok. (2006) the agile deliver chain; competing in unstable markets”,
journal of educational industrial marketing control, 29(1) 37-38.
3) Brown, w.f.,”the determination of things influencing logo choice‖, journal of advertising and
marketing”, vol. 14, April 1950, pp. Forty two-forty four.
4) Hoyer, wed. And brown, Sap. “Results of logo focus on choice for a not unusual, repeat purchase
product”, magazine of purchaser studies, vol. 17, Sept. 1990, pp. 141-148.
5) Jacobi, j. Olson, jack And haddock, r.a.,”fee, brand name and product competition
6) Characteristic as determinants of perceived first-class”, journal of implemented psychology, vol.55,
March 1971, pp. 570-580.
7) Jpg sjamsoedin. D.p.e. searing. reading purchaser notion on product attributes of smart phone
(samsung , xiaomi, zenfone) in Manado, journal ember vol.2 no.four December 2014,

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8) Hall. 798-799, to be had from: url:
https://ejournal.usa.ac.identity/index.php/emba/article/viewfile/6470/5997
9) Schiff man, l., &kanuk. L. purchaser behavior. Eighth version. Top Saddle River. Pearson. Prentice
corridor. New Jersey, 2007.
10) Gain, carol, f., &gain, c, r. the product attributes version: a device for comparing logo positioning.
Journal of advertising. 2003 (stated 2018 April 20) to be had from: url::
http://www.bryongaskin.internet/training/mba%20track/cuttingedge/mba671/termpercent20
paper[H2] /til-6-1-04/productpercent20attributes logo%20positioning%205-28-04.pdf

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CHAPTER – 5
“A STUDY ON ONLINE RECRUITMENT CURRENT TRENDS AND CURRENT
SITUATION IN INDIA”
Mr. J JANARTHANAN
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
KATHIR COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE, COIMBATORE.
N CURENT SITUATION”
ABSTRACT
As web utilization became broad, the initial step of re-enrolling was the expansion of online
vocation alternatives on corporate sites
themselves. It was generally
acknowledged that corporate site
enrollment has improved enlisting
effectiveness. Significant two sorts of E-
enrollment include the utilization of
occupation gateways and the other is an
online vocation alternative in the
association's site. E-recruitment
procedures give numerous favorable
circumstances like brought together stage,
less desk work, smooth out work process,
and so on And yet it offers impediments like low web infiltration in provincial India, forestalling
eye to eye correspondence, the realness of the resumes, and so on This paper is intended for natty
gritty investigation of the E-enrollment techniques in the current situation as utilization of the web
is broad nowadays and associations are step by step going to virtual associations. The information
assortment strategy utilized for this examination is the blend of essential and auxiliary information.
Essential information was gathered utilizing the meeting of the E- enrollment client. Auxiliary
information was gathered by alluding to diverse web articles, research papers, diaries, and so on it

ISBN - 978-81-963578-0-1
59 | P a g e
was found from the examination that E-enrollment techniques have improved enlistment
effectiveness and it is broadly acknowledged by the MNCs and yet significant restriction is that it
doesn't permit up close and personal correspondence. It will be helpful for the E-enrollment client
to zero in on the limit of E-enlistment techniques for wiping out the errors and adequately
executing E-enlistment procedures.
KEYWORDS
E-Recruitment, Job Portals, Online-Career, Authenticity.
INTRODUCTION
Successful human resources have to identify human useful resource desires in the enterprise.
Recruitment is the discovering of able candidates for real or anticipated organizational vacancies.
Or, from any other angle, it's far a linking hobby bringing together people with jobs to fill and
those seeking jobs. The perfect recruitment effort will entice a huge variety of certified candidates
who will take the process if its miles supplied. It must additionally provide facts so that unqualified
candidates can self-select themselves out of activity candidacy; this is, a great recruiting program
needs to entice the qualified and now not attract the unqualified. This twin goal will minimize the
fee of processing unqualified applicants.
DEFINITION OF E-RECRUITMENT:
E-recruitment is the use of technology and electronic resources for the process of attracting
selecting and managing recruitment in a company. It involves training carried out by the
organization using technology to identify probable employees. It is also known as online
recruitment as internet communication is vital to the process. However, it has certain disadvantages
such as being too impersonal, high volume of responses, and faces certain technical issues. Much
of e-recruitment centers
REVIEW LITERATURE
Massed omit freed, dr.Uttam m. Kananga, “effectiveness of e-recruitment in employer
development”, management and monetary magazine, 2018, extent 2(4), pp. 294-301, this examine
identifies online recruitment techniques from applicable literature, and describes how their benefits
of online recruitment can impact the recruitment figuring out of the organization. Nowadays, one
among the foremost important resources of competitive advantage is predicated on humanitarian
aid efforts through attracting and keeping
Talented people. The goal of this paper is to increase the studies on the web recruitment practices
for the overall development of the Organisation with the concentrate on recruitment practices

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