This PPT is based on semester 4 Presentations on Research Methodology, presented on 3rd April 2024 at the Department of English, MKBU.

2. Questions to be addressed….
● What is Academic Integrity?
● Why is it necessary?
● What are the ethical concerns related to
academic writing? How it affects the research
writing and individuals?
● What is Plagiarism and why it is punishable?
● WWW and AI concerns for academic Integrity

3. Points to Ponder
● What is Academic Integrity?
● Understanding Ethical Research Practices
● Plagiarism: Challenges in Maintaining Academic
Integrity
● Forms of Plagiarism
● Ethical Research Concerns in the Time of WWW and
AI
● Fostering Ethical Research Practices: Ways to Avoid
Plagiarism
● Conclusion

4. What is Academic Integrity?
● Integrity means Honesty, Virtue, Morality(“Integrity
Definition & Meaning”)
● In the article ‘Academic integrity: a review of the
literature’, Macfarlane, Pun and Zhang defines that,
‘Academic integrity’ is a problematic phrase
as it is open to different interpretations. While
our focus in this review of the literature is on
the values, behaviour and conduct of
academics in all aspects of their practice, the
term ‘academic integrity’ is widely used as a
proxy for the conduct of students, notably in
relation to plagiarism and cheating.”(Macfarlane et
al.)
● Academic Integrity as an Umbrella term

5. Understanding Ethical Research
Practices
● Ethics of Research: Ethics in Practice
(Guillemin and Gillam)
● The concept of "reflexivity" - critically
examining one's role and assumptions
as a researcher - can help lead to
ethical practices in research.(Guillemin
and Gillam)
● Maintaining Honesty in research writing
● Maintain the quality of the research

6. Plagiarism: Challenges in Maintaining
Academic Integrity
● Plagiarism is a threat that challenges
Academic Integrity
● ‘The process or practice of using another
person's ideas or work and pretending that it
is your own.’(“PLAGIARISM | English meaning -
Cambridge Dictionary”)
● Creative and critical work
● Derived from the Latin word plagiarius
("kidnapper"(“Plagiarism Definition & Meaning”)), to
plagiarize means"to commit literary theft" and to
"present as new and original an idea or product derived
from an existing source".(Gibaldi 52)
● Intellectual theft

7. ● The Scarlet P Plagiarism, Panopticism, and the Rhetoric of
Academic Integrity by Sean Zwangerman
● Students cheating, blame on teachers
● In ‘The Scarlet Letter’ by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester
Prynne was forced to wear ‘A’ that stands for Adultress.
(Hawthorne)
● P for Plagiarism
● According to Zwangerman, “To brand persons with the
scarlet P is to turn behavior into identity, creating a
discrete, immoral subgroup that, as the personification of
plagiarism, assures the rest of us that our own behaviors
and identities embody honesty and integrity. These
identities-the good student and the plagiarist-are further
credited by the fact that they embody behaviors that to
some extent are themselves a false binary: "doing your
own work".(Zwagerman 682)
(Gemini)

8. Forms of Plagiarism
● In ‘MLA Handbook for Writer of Research Papers’, Gibaldi
notes that,
● “Plagiarism involves two kinds of wrongs.Using another
person's ideas, information, or expression without
acknowledging that person's work constitutes intellectual
theft. Passing off another person's ideas, information, or
expressions as your own to get a better grade or gain some
other advantage constitutes fraud.”(Gibaldi 52)
● He further describes three major forms of Plagiarism in
Research Writing
1. Repeating or Paraphrasing Wording
2. Taking a Particularly Apt Phrase
3. Paraphrasing an Argument or Presenting a Line of
Thinking(Gibaldi 52)

9. Ethical Research Concerns in the time of WWW
and AI
● Massification of Knowledge
● Students not every time use technology in right ways
● Copying information from the online sources
● Using AI like ChatGPT
● "It is interesting to note that when asked, 'How could I improve an essay written by an AI language
model to get a higher grade?', ChatGPT suggested the following: Review and revise the text...
Check for factual accuracy... Incorporate your own ideas and analysis... Use proper citation style...
Edit and proofread..."(Cotton et al.)
● ‘Should Artificial Intelligent Agents be Your Co-author? Arguments in Favour, Informed by
ChatGPT’
○ AI's ability to accelerate research processes, precision enhancement, Knowledge creation
○ The criteria for authorship outlined in the Vancouver Protocol- contribution to conception,
drafting, and approval of work.
○ AI can be considered a co-author based on its contribution level.
○ Ethical considerations and implications for research integrity
○ need for scholarly discourse and clear guidelines to navigate AI's role in academic publishing
effectively.(Rotman and Polonsky)

10. Consequences of Plagiarism
● Regulation Acts
● Lose Jobs
● Embarrassment
● Career gets affected
● Penalties
● Failure in Assignment or Course
● Loss of learning opportunity(Gibaldi)

11. Consequences of Plagiarism
● Regulations -UGC New Delhi
● Departmental Academic Integrity Panel (DAIP)
● Institutional Academic Integrity Panel (IAIP)
● Penalties
● Allowance of 10% plagiarism
● Level 1: Similarities above 10% to 40% i) Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript.
● Level 2: Similarities above 40% to 60%
i) Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript.
ii) Shall be denied a right to one annual increment.
iii) Shall not be allowed to be a supervisor to any new Master’s, M.Phil., Ph.D.
Student/scholar for a period of two years. IV.
● Level 3: Similarities above 60%
i) Shall be asked to withdraw manuscript.
ii) Shall be denied a right to two successive annual increments.
iii) Shall not be allowed to be a supervisor to any new Master’s, M.Phil., Ph.D.
Student/scholar for a period of three years. (The Gazette of India)

12. Plagiarism Checker

13. Plagiarism Detector
(Plagiarism Detector)

14. ‘ChatGPT detector’ catches AI-generated papers with
unprecedented accuracy’
“Tool based on machine learning uses features of writing
style to distinguish between human and AI authors. A
machine-learning tool can easily spot when chemistry
papers are written using the chatbot ChatGPT, according to
a study published on 6 November in Cell Reports Physical
Science.”(Prillaman)

15. Promoting Academic Integrity
● Arden Miller, Carol Shoptaugh, and Jessica notes that
“Increasing emphasis on learning, not grades, as the
goal of education, honor codes, and activities directed
toward a climate of integrity in all forms may show the
most promise in reducing academic disintegrity”
● Cotton and others says that “educating students about
plagiarism, requiring draft submissions, using
plagiarism detection tools, setting clear guidelines for
the appropriate use of AI language models, and
closely monitoring student work.”(Cotton et al. #)
● Taking direct- copy pasted content
● Citation to sources to support arguments

16. References
Cotton, Debby, et al. “Chatting and Cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT.”
Innovations in education and teaching international, 2023. Taylor and Francis,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148 . Accessed 3 April 2024.
Gemini. “can you use the P worn by stick people?” Gemini, 3 April 2024,
https://g.co/gemini/share/703e3b95a6d2.
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Modern Language Association of
America, 2009.
Guillemin, Marilys, and Lynn Gillam. “Ethics, Reflexivity, and “Ethically Important Moments” in Research.”
Qualitative Inquiry, vol. 10, no. 2, 2004, pp. 261-280. Sage Journals,
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077800403262360. Accessed 2 April 2024.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. Prakash Book Depot, 2016.

17. “Integrity Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/integrity . Accessed 3 April 2024.
Macfarlane, Bruce, et al. “Academic integrity: a review of the literature.” Studies in Higher
Education, vol. 39, no. 2, 2014. Taylor & Francis Online,
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03075079.2012.709495 . Accessed 2 April
2024.
Miller, Arden, et al. “Reasons Not to Cheat, Academic-Integrity Responsibility, and Frequency of
Cheating.” The Journal of Experimental Education, vol. 79, no. 2, 2011. JSTOR,
https://www.jstor.org/stable/43820985 .
“Plagiarism Definition & Meaning.” Merriam-Webster, 26 March 2024, https://www.merriam-
webster.com/dictionary/plagiarism. Accessed 3 April 2024.
Plagiarism Detector. “Plagiarism Checker.” Plagiarism Checker Free | Accurate with Percentage,
https://plagiarismdetector.net/ . Accessed 3 April 2024.

18. “PLAGIARISM | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary.” Cambridge Dictionary,
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/plagiarism. Accessed 3 April 2024.
Prillaman, McKenzie. “ChatGPT detector’ catches AI-generated papers with unprecedented accuracy.” Nature, 2023,
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-03479-
4#:~:text=Tool%20based%20on%20machine%20learning,between%20human%20and%20AI%20authors.&tex
t=A%20machine%2Dlearning%20tool%20can,Cell%20Reports%20Physical%20Science1 Accessed 3 April
2024.
Rotman, Jeffrey, and Michael Jay Polonsky. “Should Artificial Intelligent Agents be Your Co-author? Arguments in
Favour, Informed by ChatGPT.” Australasian Marketing Journal, vol. 31, no. 2, 2023. Sage Journals,
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/14413582231167882 . Accessed 3 April 2024.
The Gazette of India. “UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (PROMOTION OF ACADEMIC INTEGRITY AND
PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS) REGULATIONS, 2018.” The
Gazette of India [New Delhi], 23 July 2018.
Zwagerman, Sean. “The Scarlet P: Plagiarism, Panopticism, and the Rhetoric of Academic Integrity.” College
Composition and Communication, vol. 59, no. 4, 2008, pp. 676-710. JSTOR,
https://www.jstor.org/stable/20457030. Accessed 3 April 2024.>