this is the presentation of school ethnography

1. THE INTEREST OF
SCHOOL ETHNOGRAPHY
IN EDUCATIVE RESEARCH
Esmeralda Armadillo Ferrer

2. Definition
■ An ethnography is the descriptive study of a
culture or a determinated community, in this
case we can consider the ethnography of the
school is the result to apply an ethnographic
practice and an anthropological reflection to
the study of the school institution.

3. Characteristics
•
The prolonged participation of the researcher is essential in the context to be
studied and do not forget to study the point of view of the natives.
• The ethnographer is never one more in the group that studies, but has to try
to integrate as much as posible to properly conduct the research.
• Integrate the study of problems in the general context in which they occur,
guided by the theoretical contexts that we have selected as appropriate

4. The role of the researcher in
scholar ethnography
■ The researcher is a reconstructor of reality, whose work demands patience
and dedication, careful and fervent attention, fine observation and critical
reflection of what was observed.
■ The researcher's ability to face with a sense of amazement each observation
made, no matter how vulgar, familiar or routine a simple view may seem,
since delving into its meaning can be very revealing for the investigation.
■ Intution, reflexion and empathy

5. Stages at the scholar ethnography
■ 1.1- Negotiation and access to filed : The phase of negotiation opens
or closes the doors to the field of study for us, it is obligatory and can
largely determine the course of the investigation.
■ 1.2-Field Work: In this stage, information is basically collected with
which will be worked on later; There are three main techniques for
collecting information in ethnography: participant observation,
interviews and documentary analysis.

6. ■ Participant observation: Understood as the condensed form, capable of
achieving objectivity through observation close and sensitive, the ideal is to
modify the situation under study as little as possible.
■ Interviews: The main advantage of this technique is that it stimulates the flow of
data and that it offers personal information that, otherwise , it would be
impossible to know; The characteristics of this technique revolve around
confidence, curiosity and naturalness.
■ Documentary analysis: It consists of a tracking of materials in paper, video,
audio format, whether produced by the members of the community studied or by
the researcher himself.

7. ■ 1.3- Data Analysis: To carry out this analysis, a series of intrinsically linked steps
are taken: an analytical reflection on the data, a selection, reduction and
organization of the data, data categorization.
■ Analytical reflection on the data: The ethnographer plays a “centralizing” role
throughout the study. His mind files and discard, collect and analyze, reflect on
what was experienced, what was felt, what was thought, the data collected.
■ Selection, Reduction And Organization Of The Data: Reduce the data with
which you are going to work, what is relevant to the study and what is not.
■ Data Categorization: steps that must be taken in this process:
■ – Develop coding categories.
■ – Encrypt all data.
■ – Separate the data belonging to the various coding categories.
■ – See what data is left over.
■ – Refine the analysis.

8. 1.4-Ethnographic Report
■ Academic writing is a tough, rigorously disciplined intellectual
activity that requires dedication, tranquility, optimism and
permanent reflection. Composing a research report involves
specifying a structure, adopting a writing style, making diagrams,
drafts and outlines and revising over and over again. what was
produced

9. Credibility of ethnographic research
■ Contextualize: Give a panoramic view, In ethnography, staying with a general
vision of the facts studied is reductionist; Give the reader of the ethnography the
opportunity to get in touch the place of those who live a strange form of experience
■ Saturation: Justify and ask the most appropriate informants about it, analyzing the
documents that have been generated, it may even be necessary to repeat these
strategies, in order to "saturate", to exhaust the search strategies on the same,
trying to see if the results obtained are maintained.

10. ■ Negotiation: organization of forums, meetings, etc. in which issues related to
the study are discussed or in which writings prior to the dissemination of the
report are reviewed in order to know if there is agreement between them,
especially with regard to the results shown in the final report
■ Triangulation: It is the most used and best-known data validation strategy. It
can basically be understood as relating the contributions made by the different
agents involved in the research, including the researcher's point of view. 4 main
types
■ 1.Triangulation of methods:
■ 2. Triangulation of subjects:
■ 3. Triangulation of spaces and times:.
■ 4. Expert triangulation

11. The main contribution that school
ethnography makes
■ Lies in its ability to illustrate the researcher about the school, allowing him to
understand the daily dynamics schoolchildren.
■ The great contribution of ethnography lies in the technique of participant
observation, because it allows access to a type of information that, otherwise,
would be very difficult to collect, giving the researcher the opportunity to collect
such information in person and know and live educational processes in all their
complexity
■ Ethnography has several closely related purposes: cultural description,
interpretation of data to reach its understanding, dissemination of findings,
improvement of educational reality and transformation of the researcher.