Lesson 2 (Political Ideologies).pptx

1. Lesson 2
Prepared by: Kenneth Dave P. Cayao, LPT

2. Table of contents
01
02
Defining Ideologies
Major Political Ideologies

3. Objectives of the Lesson
1. identify the basic tenets of major political ideologies
(i.e., liberalism, socialism, conservatism, etc.)
2. differentiate the political ideologies
3. examine the relationship between political ideologies
and configurations of political communities
4. critique ideas that have a direct impact on how we try
to manage ourselves as a political community
5. analyze how political ideologies impact on the social
and political life of Filipino

4. Let’s find it! Direction: Find and circle 10 key words that are related to Political
ideologies. The words may be hidden in any directions.

5. Let’s find it! Direction: Find and circle 10 key words that are related to Political
ideologies. The words may be hidden in any directions.
KEY WORDS
ANARCHISM
IDEOLOGIES
CONSERVATISM
LIBERALISM
FASCISM
MARXISM
FEMINISM
POLITICS
GOVERNMENT
SOCIALISM

6. 01

7. WHAT IS AN IDEOLOGY
a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the
basis of economic or political theory and policy.
An ideology is more or less a coherent set of ideas that
direct or organize a specific political action. It consist of
belief and value systems, a discussion of existing
power relationships, an exploration of how political
change is achieved in line with these power relations and
an illustration of a desired future (Heywood 2013).

8. WHAT IS AN IDEOLOGY
An ideology is a set of beliefs or philosophies attributed to
a person or group of persons, especially those held for
reasons
An ideology is a set of opinions or beliefs of a group or an
individual. Very often ideology refers to a set of political
beliefs or a set of ideas that characterize a particular
culture.

9. Political Ideologies
The political Ideology is defined “as a set of
opinions underpinned by doctrines, values,
and perceived moral truths that guide
behavior towards a specific social order”
(Johnson & Roberto, 2018).

10. Political Ideologies
Political ideologies are powerful such that they
shape the structure of a society, institutions
and the ways of doing things. These ideologies
are comprised of beliefs and value systems
that give rise to political processes; they
also constitute ideas about change and its
desired future.

11. 02

12. 1. ANARCHISM
• Political authority in all its form, and especially
in the form of the state, is both evil and
unnecessary (anarchy literally means ‘without rule’).
• The sovereign, compulsory, and coercive authority
of the state is seen as a nothing less than
legalized oppression operating in the interests of
the powerful, propertied, and privileged.
• Anarchist prefers a stateless society. Individuals
can best manage their own affairs through voluntary
agreement and cooperation.

13. 2. CONSERVATISM
• Tradition must be conserve. These traditions include established
customs, institutions, and ways of doing things that have endured through
time.
• The belief in pragmatism highlights the limits of human reason. As a belief,
pragmatism emphasizes that the action should be shaped by practical
circumstances and goals.
• Human imperfection presents the pessimistic view of conservatives on
the
individual. Accordingly, individuals are morally corrupt and are therefore the
sources of crime and disorder. Order could thus be achieved through a
strong state.
• Conservatives believe that society is an organic whole and is a living entity,
more than being an artifact of human ingenuity. This belief is known as
organicism.

14. 2. CONSERVATISM
• Conservatives also believe that social position and status are
only natural. With this, hierarchy is thought to be inevitable.
• Authority must be exercised from above. Leadership is provided to
guide and support those who lack knowledge and education and
those who have little capacity to act for their own interest.
• Conservatives look at property as significant because it is the
individual’s source of security and independence from the
government.

15. 3. FACISM
• Ultranationalist ideology. As such, it subscribes to the idea of a supreme
race, whose members should enjoy the natural resources. It is by nature
exclusive as it excludes nonmembers of the race.
• Manifested during Mussolini’s facist dictatorship in Italy and Hitler’s
dictatorship in Germany. Common values upheld are struggle, leadership, power,
heroism, and war.
• The “new man” or a hero who is motivated by duty, honor, and self-sacrifice;
and gives unrelenting obedience to the supreme leader is a fascist ideal.
• Fascists believe in a unified national community of strength through unity.
As such, individual identity is not as important as that of the social group or
community.

16. 4. FEMINISM
• A diverse but its unifying theme is the desire to enhance the
social role of women.
• Society is characterized by sexual or gender equality. The
structure of male power must be overturned, hence the belief in
gender equality.
• Its strands include liberal feminism, socialist feminism and
radical feminism.

17. 5. LIBERALISM
• Belief in individualism underscores the importance of
the human individual compared to any other group.
• Liberty of the individual must be protected. An individual
has freedom when he or she is able to act as he or she
pleases.
• Reason can lead individuals to make wise
judgments, which could solve issues or differences.

18. 5. LIBERALISM
• Equality implies that individuals are born equal, at
least in moral terms.
• Equal rights and entitlements are at its core. It must
be noted , however, that liberals do not endorse social
equality or equality of outcome,
• Tolerance is willingness of individuals to allow others to
think and behave in ways they do not approve. It is a
guarantee of individual liberty.
• Authority and social relationships must also be
based on agreement and consent.

19. 6. SOCIALISM
• Belief in the community
highlights the degree to which
the individual is connected with
others. Identify is therefore a
product of social interaction
more than innate qualities.
• Brotherhood or fraternity
speaks of a shared common
humanity Socialist thus prefer
cooperation rather than
competition and collectivity
rather than individualism.

20. 6. SOCIALISM
• Socialists look at society in
terms of differences in the
distribution of income or wealth.
• Social class is believed to be an
important social cleavage, which
divides societies. The interests
of the working class and the
oppressed should be upheld.
• With this, eradicating economic
and social inequalities is deemed
as the primary goal of socialism.
• Common ownership is also
central to socialist thought.
Unlike private property, common
ownership is a means to harness
material resources for the
common good.

21. Thanks!
“ A State is better Governed which has but
few laws, and those laws strictly observed!”
- Rene Descartes