A computer's block diagram illustrates its main components and their interconnections. At its core is the central processing unit (CPU), which executes instructions and coordinates operations. Memory units, including RAM and ROM, store data and instructions temporarily and permanently, respectively. Input devices such as keyboards and mice feed data into the system, while output devices like monitors and printers display results. The CPU communicates with peripherals through buses, which transfer data and signals across the system. Power supplies provide electricity to all components. Together, these elements form the backbone of a computer, enabling it to process information and perform tasks efficiently.

1. Introduction to
Computer System Block
Diagram
An insight into the hierarchical representation of a computer system's
architecture, showcasing the interconnected components and their
functionalities.
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2. Components of a Computer System
Motherboard
The central platform
connecting all major
components for seamless
communication and data
transfer.
Peripherals
Input and output devices for
interaction with the computer
system, enabling user
communication and data
exchange.
Internal Components
Key hardware elements
including CPU, memory, and
other essentials, crucial for
seamless operation.

3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Control Unit
Manages and coordinates the
execution of instructions and data
manipulation within the CPU.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
Performs mathematical operations and
logical comparisons, crucial for
processing data efficiently.
CPU Cache
Stores frequently accessed data, enhancing the CPU's speed and performance for rapid data retrieval.

4. Memory
Primary Memory (RAM)
Temporary data storage for actively used programs and data, facilitating quick
access when needed.
Secondary Memory (Storage)
Long-term data storage, retaining information even when the system is powered off.
Virtual Memory
Supplementary memory used when the RAM is full, minimizing performance
impact during heavy usage.

5. Input Devices
Keyboard
An essential tool for data
entry and user interaction
with the computer system.
Mouse
Facilitates cursor movement
and user control over
graphical interfaces.
Microphone
Enables audio input and
voice commands, expanding
user accessibility options.

6. Output Devices
1 Monitor
Displays visual output,
making the computer
response visible to the
user.
2 Printer
Produces hard copy
output of digital
documents and
images for archival
and sharing.
3 Speakers
Delivers audio output,
enhancing the
multimedia user
experience.

7. Storage Devices
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Traditional storage, suitable for larger files
and archival purposes.
Solid State Drive (SSD)
High-speed storage solution, enhancing
system performance and data access
speeds.

8. Data Bus and Control Bus
Data Bus Transfers data between the CPU, memory,
and other hardware components.
Control Bus Coordinates and manages the control
signals for data transfer and
communication.