The document outlines the key structures of the nervous system, including neurons, the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and cranial nerves. It describes the central nervous system as containing the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system as containing nerves that connect to sensory receptors and various parts of the body. It also notes the main divisions and regions of the brain, as well as the autonomic and somatic nervous systems.
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord runs from the foramen magnum to the L1/L2 vertebrae and functions to provide sensory and motor innervation to the body below the head through spinal nerves. It also acts as a pathway between the body and brain and a center for reflexes. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. The cerebrum consists of gray matter on the outside in the form of the cerebral cortex, with white matter underneath. The cortex is involved in motor control, sensory processing, and higher cognitive functions.
The nervous system is composed of nerve cells called neurons that communicate with each other and other cells. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consisting of nerves linking the body to the CNS. The brain is protected by membranes and bone and has four main regions - the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalons, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls intellectual functions, the cerebellum controls muscle coordination, and the diencephalons relay sensory information and regulate body functions. Cerebrospinal fluid cushions and nourishes the brain and spinal cord. Blood circulates to the brain through arteries and veins, protected by the blood
The document provides an overview of the structure and function of the human brain and cranial nerves. It discusses the four major regions of the brain - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. It also describes the lobes of the cerebrum, including the motor, sensory, and association areas and their functions. Additionally, it covers the protection, circulation, and composition of cerebrospinal fluid and the role of the blood-brain barrier.
Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nervous System Ch12normag792003
The document discusses the main organs of the nervous system including the brain, nerves, and spinal cord. It describes the four main sections of the brain - cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem - and provides details on the lobes of the cerebrum and their functions. It also outlines the roles of the cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and somatic nerves.
This document provides an overview of the central nervous system forebrain. It discusses the major structures and fiber systems in the telencephalon including the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system. The diencephalon is described as surrounding the third ventricle and containing the thalamus and hypothalamus, with the thalamus serving as a sensory and motor relay and the hypothalamus controlling behaviors through the pituitary gland.
The document provides an overview of brain and spinal cord anatomy. It discusses the hierarchical organization of sensory processing networks and includes diagrams of the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres, ventricles, meninges, and vascularization of the brain. Key structures summarized include the spinal cord gray and white matter, fiber tracts, nerve plexuses, brainstem regions, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex lobes, and internal capsule.
CNS, spinal cord, parts of brain, cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, mid brain, hind brain, areas of brain, functions of lobes,spinal nerves, brainstem, brain and spinal cord, function of CNS, meninges of brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is protected by three meningeal layers (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) and bathed in cerebrospinal fluid. It contains structures like the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. The cerebral cortex is involved in functions like motor control, sensory processing, and cognition. The brainstem connects the brain and spinal cord and contains structures important for sensory/motor functions and autonomic control. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance.
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord runs from the foramen magnum to the L1/L2 vertebrae and functions to provide sensory and motor innervation to the body below the head through spinal nerves. It also acts as a pathway between the body and brain and a center for reflexes. The brain is divided into the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. The cerebrum consists of gray matter on the outside in the form of the cerebral cortex, with white matter underneath. The cortex is involved in motor control, sensory processing, and higher cognitive functions.
The nervous system is composed of nerve cells called neurons that communicate with each other and other cells. It has two main divisions - the central nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system consisting of nerves linking the body to the CNS. The brain is protected by membranes and bone and has four main regions - the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalons, and brain stem. The cerebrum controls intellectual functions, the cerebellum controls muscle coordination, and the diencephalons relay sensory information and regulate body functions. Cerebrospinal fluid cushions and nourishes the brain and spinal cord. Blood circulates to the brain through arteries and veins, protected by the blood
The document provides an overview of the structure and function of the human brain and cranial nerves. It discusses the four major regions of the brain - the cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. It also describes the lobes of the cerebrum, including the motor, sensory, and association areas and their functions. Additionally, it covers the protection, circulation, and composition of cerebrospinal fluid and the role of the blood-brain barrier.
Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nervous System Ch12normag792003
The document discusses the main organs of the nervous system including the brain, nerves, and spinal cord. It describes the four main sections of the brain - cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem - and provides details on the lobes of the cerebrum and their functions. It also outlines the roles of the cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and somatic nerves.
This document provides an overview of the central nervous system forebrain. It discusses the major structures and fiber systems in the telencephalon including the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and limbic system. The diencephalon is described as surrounding the third ventricle and containing the thalamus and hypothalamus, with the thalamus serving as a sensory and motor relay and the hypothalamus controlling behaviors through the pituitary gland.
The document provides an overview of brain and spinal cord anatomy. It discusses the hierarchical organization of sensory processing networks and includes diagrams of the spinal cord, brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebral hemispheres, ventricles, meninges, and vascularization of the brain. Key structures summarized include the spinal cord gray and white matter, fiber tracts, nerve plexuses, brainstem regions, basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, cerebral cortex lobes, and internal capsule.
CNS, spinal cord, parts of brain, cerebrum, lobes of cerebrum, mid brain, hind brain, areas of brain, functions of lobes,spinal nerves, brainstem, brain and spinal cord, function of CNS, meninges of brain and spinal cord
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain is protected by three meningeal layers (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) and bathed in cerebrospinal fluid. It contains structures like the cerebral cortex, diencephalon, brainstem, and cerebellum. The cerebral cortex is involved in functions like motor control, sensory processing, and cognition. The brainstem connects the brain and spinal cord and contains structures important for sensory/motor functions and autonomic control. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance.
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS controls voluntary movement and processes sensory information while the PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. The brain can be divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like thinking and processing senses, the cerebellum controls muscle coordination, and the brainstem regulates vital functions. The spinal cord relays signals between the brain and body through sensory and motor neurons that join to form spinal nerves.
This document provides an overview of basic neuroanatomy, including:
- Gross anatomy sections on gyri, sulci, fissures, grey and white matter, and fiber tracts.
- Descriptions of the cerebral cortex as the outer wrinkled surface, with neocortex as the outer layer and cortical layers and functional divisions.
- The limbic system participates in emotion, learning, and memory, and includes structures like the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
- Other areas discussed include the basal ganglia, ventricles, diencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, midbrain, pons
Review Of Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nervousmycomic
The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It discusses the structure and function of neurons, classification of neurons, and the components and roles of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves and vascular supply. It provides an overview of the organization, tissues and pathways involved in the nervous system.
The document provides information on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It discusses that the CNS is made up of neurons and neuroglia cells and is divided into the brain and spinal cord. The PNS has sensory and motor divisions that bring sensory information to and motor commands from the CNS. The cellular organization of the nervous system includes neurons and neuroglia cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells.
The document summarizes the main parts of the human brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. It describes the location, weight, lobes, and key functions of each part such as memory, sensory perception, motor coordination, and control of vital bodily functions.
The human brain is divided into three main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like thinking and reasoning. It is divided into four lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance while the brain stem regulates basic functions vital for survival like breathing. The brain is protected by meninges and ventricles circulate cerebrospinal fluid. Key structures include the limbic system for emotions and memory and the hypothalamus which regulates hormones and homeostasis.
The Nervous System - Living Environment/BiologyRyan Frank
The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes that the nervous system is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains neurons that connect the CNS to sensory receptors and effector organs. It also explains the basic anatomy and roles of neurons, sensory and motor neurons, and reflex arcs in transmitting signals throughout the nervous system.
Neurons are specialized cells that communicate via electrical and chemical signals. They consist of a cell body containing the nucleus, along with dendrites that receive signals and a long axon that transmits signals. There are three main types: sensory neurons transmit signals to the central nervous system, motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to effectors, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS. The simplest nerve pathway is a reflex arc involving receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons and effectors. The central nervous system coordinates information and consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to organs and consists of cranial and spinal nerves.
The document discusses the central nervous system. It begins by describing the general design of the nervous system, noting that the CNS contains over 100 billion neurons and synapses allow signals to pass in a forward direction. It then discusses the divisions of the nervous system, describing the central nervous system as consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord functions to transmit sensory and motor signals and mediate reflexes. The document goes on to describe the structure and tracts of the spinal cord, as well as the sensory and motor parts of the nervous system. It discusses the different levels of function in the CNS including the spinal cord, lower brain, and higher brain levels. The document concludes by describing CNS synapses and various types
The document summarizes different parts of the brain and brain imaging techniques. It describes the three main parts of the brain as the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain controls basic life processes. The midbrain alerts the brain to signals using the Reticular Activating System. The forebrain includes the cerebral cortex and limbic system, which includes structures like the thalamus and hippocampus. Brain imaging techniques discussed are CAT, PET, MRI, and fMRI, which help observe brain activity and structure without risks of radiation.
Are you going to fight or flee artifact final copycz0634bn
This document provides recipes for summarizing the key structures and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system recipe includes directions for describing the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord, brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and somatic sensory and motor pathways. The peripheral nervous system recipe includes structures of spinal nerves, nerve plexuses, dermatomes and myotomes, cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system. The document uses cooking metaphors and includes detailed steps to identify and explain the various components of the nervous system.
The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. It controls everything by receiving messages from nerves and giving instructions back to the nerves. The nerves are connected to the brain by the spinal cord which allows communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. It connects the forebrain to the spinal cord superiorly and inferiorly. The pons and medulla are separated posteriorly by the fourth ventricle. The brainstem contains nuclei that control vital functions like respiration, circulation, swallowing and eye movements. Damage to the ascending reticular activating system in the brainstem can disturb consciousness.
Review of general anatomy of the central nervous systemDavid Araújo
This document provides a brief overview of the central nervous system. It discusses the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It describes the basic unit of the central nervous system as neurons and the supportive glial cells. It also summarizes the main components of the brain including the brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum and their functions. Finally, it reviews some interesting facts about the brain such as its weight, composition and energy usage.
The document discusses the back and autonomic nervous systems. It begins by covering the anatomy of the vertebral column, including its embryology, functions, typical vertebrae structure, intervertebral disks, and spinal meninges. It then discusses the autonomic nervous system, including that it innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, each involving a two-neuron pathway from the CNS to target organs. The sympathetic division prepares the body for fight or flight through spinal cord pathways from T1-L2. The parasympathetic division conserves energy at rest through cranial nerve and sacral spinal cord pathways.
The document provides detailed information about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the basic functional unit of the neuron and its main parts. It discusses the different types of cells in the nervous system including neuroglial cells and neurotransmitters. It outlines the divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and describes key structures and functions of the brain and spinal cord.
The document provides an overview of the external morphology of the telencephalon. It discusses brain orientation and landmarks, the structure and location of the ventricles and cerebral hemispheres, and the four major lobes of the brain - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. It also summarizes the primary motor and sensory cortices, including Brodmann areas, homunculi, and associated functions. Finally, it briefly outlines the structure and roles of white matter tracts, basal ganglia, and other deep gray matter structures in the telencephalon.
The document describes several structures of the brain and ventricular system. It discusses:
- The hypothalamus, located below the thalamus, which controls autonomic and endocrine functions.
- The pituitary gland, located in the sella turcica bone, which secretes 9 hormones including growth hormone.
- The ventricles which are continuous spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF cushions the brain and is produced in the choroid plexus.
- Meningitis, which is inflammation of the meninges layers covering the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria, viruses or physical injury.
This document provides an overview of the central nervous system anatomy and functions. It describes the development and major regions of the brain including the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and diencephalon. Each region is broken down into its constituent parts. The cerebrum contains lobes and basal nuclei. The brain stem comprises the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The cerebellum regulates posture and balance. The diencephalon includes the thalamus and hypothalamus. The spinal cord extends from the brain and is segmented, surrounded by meninges, and contains gray and white matter.
Chapter 04: Anatomy of the Nervous SystemAlex Holub
The document summarizes different categories of brain research and provides details about the anatomy and organization of the nervous system. It discusses how brain research involves examining the effects of brain damage and stimulation, as well as recording brain activity during behaviors. It then describes the central and peripheral nervous systems before explaining the detailed anatomy of different brain regions and lobes.
Functions and disorders of the Nervous Systemsmelodiekernahan
The document discusses the functions and disorders of the nervous system. It describes the functions of neurons, the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. It also discusses several common nervous system disorders like Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, paralysis, Parkinson's disease, poliomyelitis, and spinal cord injuries. The functions of the nervous system are sensing, control of movement, and connecting different parts of the body to allow for communication. Nervous system disorders are treated through various methods depending on the specific condition.
The regulatory system in the human body consists of the neural system, endocrine system, and sensory organs. The neural system contains nerve cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body to coordinate functions. Disorders can occur if there are imbalances in neurotransmitters in the neural system, which can be caused by conditions like Parkinson's disease or affected by drugs that influence neurotransmitters.
The nervous system is composed of the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS controls voluntary movement and processes sensory information while the PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body. The brain can be divided into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like thinking and processing senses, the cerebellum controls muscle coordination, and the brainstem regulates vital functions. The spinal cord relays signals between the brain and body through sensory and motor neurons that join to form spinal nerves.
This document provides an overview of basic neuroanatomy, including:
- Gross anatomy sections on gyri, sulci, fissures, grey and white matter, and fiber tracts.
- Descriptions of the cerebral cortex as the outer wrinkled surface, with neocortex as the outer layer and cortical layers and functional divisions.
- The limbic system participates in emotion, learning, and memory, and includes structures like the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
- Other areas discussed include the basal ganglia, ventricles, diencephalon, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, midbrain, pons
Review Of Anatomy And Physiology Of The Nervousmycomic
The document reviews the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It discusses the structure and function of neurons, classification of neurons, and the components and roles of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves and vascular supply. It provides an overview of the organization, tissues and pathways involved in the nervous system.
The document provides information on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). It discusses that the CNS is made up of neurons and neuroglia cells and is divided into the brain and spinal cord. The PNS has sensory and motor divisions that bring sensory information to and motor commands from the CNS. The cellular organization of the nervous system includes neurons and neuroglia cells such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and Schwann cells.
The document summarizes the main parts of the human brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. It describes the location, weight, lobes, and key functions of each part such as memory, sensory perception, motor coordination, and control of vital bodily functions.
The human brain is divided into three main parts - the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is responsible for higher functions like thinking and reasoning. It is divided into four lobes - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance while the brain stem regulates basic functions vital for survival like breathing. The brain is protected by meninges and ventricles circulate cerebrospinal fluid. Key structures include the limbic system for emotions and memory and the hypothalamus which regulates hormones and homeostasis.
The Nervous System - Living Environment/BiologyRyan Frank
The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system. It describes that the nervous system is made up of two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains neurons that connect the CNS to sensory receptors and effector organs. It also explains the basic anatomy and roles of neurons, sensory and motor neurons, and reflex arcs in transmitting signals throughout the nervous system.
Neurons are specialized cells that communicate via electrical and chemical signals. They consist of a cell body containing the nucleus, along with dendrites that receive signals and a long axon that transmits signals. There are three main types: sensory neurons transmit signals to the central nervous system, motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to effectors, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS. The simplest nerve pathway is a reflex arc involving receptors, sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons and effectors. The central nervous system coordinates information and consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system connects the CNS to organs and consists of cranial and spinal nerves.
The document discusses the central nervous system. It begins by describing the general design of the nervous system, noting that the CNS contains over 100 billion neurons and synapses allow signals to pass in a forward direction. It then discusses the divisions of the nervous system, describing the central nervous system as consisting of the brain and spinal cord. The spinal cord functions to transmit sensory and motor signals and mediate reflexes. The document goes on to describe the structure and tracts of the spinal cord, as well as the sensory and motor parts of the nervous system. It discusses the different levels of function in the CNS including the spinal cord, lower brain, and higher brain levels. The document concludes by describing CNS synapses and various types
The document summarizes different parts of the brain and brain imaging techniques. It describes the three main parts of the brain as the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain. The hindbrain controls basic life processes. The midbrain alerts the brain to signals using the Reticular Activating System. The forebrain includes the cerebral cortex and limbic system, which includes structures like the thalamus and hippocampus. Brain imaging techniques discussed are CAT, PET, MRI, and fMRI, which help observe brain activity and structure without risks of radiation.
Are you going to fight or flee artifact final copycz0634bn
This document provides recipes for summarizing the key structures and functions of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system recipe includes directions for describing the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, spinal cord, brain stem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and somatic sensory and motor pathways. The peripheral nervous system recipe includes structures of spinal nerves, nerve plexuses, dermatomes and myotomes, cranial nerves, and the autonomic nervous system. The document uses cooking metaphors and includes detailed steps to identify and explain the various components of the nervous system.
The nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. It controls everything by receiving messages from nerves and giving instructions back to the nerves. The nerves are connected to the brain by the spinal cord which allows communication between the brain and the rest of the body.
The brainstem consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. It connects the forebrain to the spinal cord superiorly and inferiorly. The pons and medulla are separated posteriorly by the fourth ventricle. The brainstem contains nuclei that control vital functions like respiration, circulation, swallowing and eye movements. Damage to the ascending reticular activating system in the brainstem can disturb consciousness.
Review of general anatomy of the central nervous systemDavid Araújo
This document provides a brief overview of the central nervous system. It discusses the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It describes the basic unit of the central nervous system as neurons and the supportive glial cells. It also summarizes the main components of the brain including the brainstem, cerebellum, cerebrum and their functions. Finally, it reviews some interesting facts about the brain such as its weight, composition and energy usage.
The document discusses the back and autonomic nervous systems. It begins by covering the anatomy of the vertebral column, including its embryology, functions, typical vertebrae structure, intervertebral disks, and spinal meninges. It then discusses the autonomic nervous system, including that it innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, each involving a two-neuron pathway from the CNS to target organs. The sympathetic division prepares the body for fight or flight through spinal cord pathways from T1-L2. The parasympathetic division conserves energy at rest through cranial nerve and sacral spinal cord pathways.
The document provides detailed information about the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system. It describes the basic functional unit of the neuron and its main parts. It discusses the different types of cells in the nervous system including neuroglial cells and neurotransmitters. It outlines the divisions of the central and peripheral nervous systems and describes key structures and functions of the brain and spinal cord.
The document provides an overview of the external morphology of the telencephalon. It discusses brain orientation and landmarks, the structure and location of the ventricles and cerebral hemispheres, and the four major lobes of the brain - frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. It also summarizes the primary motor and sensory cortices, including Brodmann areas, homunculi, and associated functions. Finally, it briefly outlines the structure and roles of white matter tracts, basal ganglia, and other deep gray matter structures in the telencephalon.
The document describes several structures of the brain and ventricular system. It discusses:
- The hypothalamus, located below the thalamus, which controls autonomic and endocrine functions.
- The pituitary gland, located in the sella turcica bone, which secretes 9 hormones including growth hormone.
- The ventricles which are continuous spaces within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The CSF cushions the brain and is produced in the choroid plexus.
- Meningitis, which is inflammation of the meninges layers covering the brain and spinal cord caused by bacteria, viruses or physical injury.
This document provides an overview of the central nervous system anatomy and functions. It describes the development and major regions of the brain including the cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum, and diencephalon. Each region is broken down into its constituent parts. The cerebrum contains lobes and basal nuclei. The brain stem comprises the medulla, pons, and midbrain. The cerebellum regulates posture and balance. The diencephalon includes the thalamus and hypothalamus. The spinal cord extends from the brain and is segmented, surrounded by meninges, and contains gray and white matter.
Chapter 04: Anatomy of the Nervous SystemAlex Holub
The document summarizes different categories of brain research and provides details about the anatomy and organization of the nervous system. It discusses how brain research involves examining the effects of brain damage and stimulation, as well as recording brain activity during behaviors. It then describes the central and peripheral nervous systems before explaining the detailed anatomy of different brain regions and lobes.
Functions and disorders of the Nervous Systemsmelodiekernahan
The document discusses the functions and disorders of the nervous system. It describes the functions of neurons, the central nervous system including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system. It also discusses several common nervous system disorders like Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, meningitis, multiple sclerosis, paralysis, Parkinson's disease, poliomyelitis, and spinal cord injuries. The functions of the nervous system are sensing, control of movement, and connecting different parts of the body to allow for communication. Nervous system disorders are treated through various methods depending on the specific condition.
The regulatory system in the human body consists of the neural system, endocrine system, and sensory organs. The neural system contains nerve cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the body to coordinate functions. Disorders can occur if there are imbalances in neurotransmitters in the neural system, which can be caused by conditions like Parkinson's disease or affected by drugs that influence neurotransmitters.
Survey of Anatomy and Physiology Chap 9 Part Onecmahon57
The document provides an overview of the nervous system. It describes the nervous system as having two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS is further divided into the somatic and autonomic systems. The somatic system controls voluntary muscles and the autonomic system controls involuntary functions like digestion and heart rate. The autonomic system has two divisions - the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems which work in opposition to activate the fight or flight response or rest and digest responses respectively.
The 3 meninges (dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater) protect the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acts as a cushion and circulates within the subarachnoid space, protecting the central nervous system from damage. The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the lower lumbar vertebrae and contains nerve roots that carry sensory and motor information into the spinal canal.
The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) have 3 general functions: collect information through receptors, process and evaluate information, and respond to information. Neurons communicate via action potential propagation and neurotransmitter release. The sensory division has somatic and visceral components, with visceral sensory being part of the autonomic nervous system. The motor division has somatic and autonomic components. Nervous tissue in the CNS contains glial cells and neurons. During development, the neural plate forms the neural groove and neural tube from ectoderm. The CNS contains around 100 billion neurons organized into the brain and spinal cord.
The document discusses the nervous system and Parkinson's disease. It begins by outlining the objectives of describing neuron structure and function, identifying central and peripheral nervous system structures, and discussing Parkinson's disease. It then provides background on Parkinson's disease, caused by degeneration of substantia nigra cells. The document goes on to explain the main functions of the nervous system and its two main divisions: the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. It also discusses neuron anatomy including the cell body, dendrites, axon, myelin sheath, and synapse.
This document provides an introduction to the nervous system, including its main components and functions. It begins with definitions of the nervous system and its role in controlling the body. It then describes the two major divisions of the nervous system - the central nervous system (CNS), comprising the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Key structures of the CNS like the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain are outlined. The basic functions of the nervous system in receiving sensory input, integrating information, and directing motor responses are summarized. Finally, it discusses neurons, synapses, and memory formation and storage in the brain.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the nervous system. It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS controls and coordinates body activities, while the PNS connects the CNS to other parts of the body. Within the nervous system are neurons, which transmit signals, and the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia through which signals travel from the CNS to the rest of the body and back.
The document summarizes key aspects of the central nervous system. It describes the protective structures of the brain including the cranium, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. It then outlines the four main regions of the brain - cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum - and provides details about their structures and functions. The spinal cord is also briefly discussed.
The document summarizes key aspects of the central nervous system. It describes the protective structures of the brain including the cranium, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. It then outlines the major regions of the brain - cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem and cerebellum - and provides details about their structure and function. It also discusses the spinal cord, its protective coverings, gray and white matter structure, and ascending and descending tracts.
Unit-I, Chapter_1 Nervous System Final PPT.pptAudumbar Mali
The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and contains gray matter and white matter. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch throughout the body. The nervous system detects environmental changes and coordinates the body's actions and sensory information through transmitting signals via neurons. It is composed of neurons, which are the basic functional units, and neuroglia, which provide structure and support. The nervous system functions through nerve impulses that travel along neurons via action potentials and neurotransmitters to transmit signals between neurons.
This document provides an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system. It begins with an introduction to the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system. It then describes the main divisions and components of the CNS in detail, including the brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, and telencephalon. It discusses the protection mechanisms of the CNS, including the skull, meninges, blood-brain barrier, and cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, it provides an overview of neurons, glial cells, and classifications of neurons.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls involuntary functions like digestion and heart rate. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. The sympathetic system activates the fight or flight response using norepinephrine. The parasympathetic system calms the body and activates rest and digest functions using acetylcholine. Both systems have preganglionic and postganglionic neurons. The document discusses the anatomy and functions of the ANS in detail.
Introduction to nervous system, Divisions of Nervous System, Nervous System P...Shaista Jabeen
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Introduction to nervous system, Divisions of Nervous System, Nervous System Physiology
Introduction to nervous system
Divisions of Nervous System
Nervous System Physiology
DIVISIONS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Short Notes
ppt pdf
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and spinal cord. The brain contains the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. The cerebrum is the largest part and controls thinking and voluntary movement. The cerebellum controls movement and coordination. The brain stem regulates vital functions. The spinal cord relays information between the body and brain. The peripheral nervous system includes the somatic and visceral systems. The somatic system controls voluntary movement and sensation. The visceral system regulates involuntary functions like breathing and digestion.
The nervous system has two main divisions - the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is made up of the brain and spinal cord, and is protected by meninges and cerebrospinal fluid. The brain can be divided into the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The PNS connects the CNS to sensory receptors and effector organs and contains nerves, ganglia and plexuses. It relays sensory information to the CNS and motor commands from the CNS. The autonomic nervous system is a division of the PNS that regulates involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion.
The document describes the divisions of the vertebrate nervous system. It discusses the central nervous system which includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is outside the brain and spinal cord and has two divisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls organs like the heart and intestines and has sympathetic and parasympathetic parts. The document then goes into detail about parts of the brain like the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and various lobes. It discusses the functions of different brain regions and how the brain areas work together as a whole system.
The nervous system has two main parts - the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and coordinates nerve signals throughout the body. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that extend from the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and has two divisions - the somatic and autonomic divisions. Neurons are the basic functional units of the nervous system, and have different roles like sensory, motor, and interneurons.
This document provides information about measuring and understanding vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It focuses on temperature measurement, describing the normal temperature ranges for adults, different methods and sites for taking a temperature, and safety considerations. Temperature is an important vital sign that can provide information about a resident's health status and response to treatment.
This document provides information about skills related to residents' elimination and urination needs. It begins with an overview of elimination and urination processes. It then discusses skills a nurse aide needs to assist residents with their elimination and urination needs, including using the bathroom, bedside commode, bedpan, applying adult briefs, administering enemas, and collecting stool specimens. The document also covers digestive and urinary system structures and functions, common diseases, aging changes, observations, and bladder and bowel retraining guidelines. It concludes with a section on indwelling urinary catheters.
This document discusses nurse aide responsibilities in providing proper nutrition and hydration to residents. It covers the basics of nutrition including nutrients, food groups, dietary guidelines, and factors that influence dietary needs. It also discusses therapeutic diets for various medical conditions, cultural influences on diets, and signs of good and poor nutrition. Nurse aides must understand residents' dietary needs and serve the appropriate diet, food consistency, and fluids as ordered to support residents' health and wellness.
The document discusses the nurse aide's role in maintaining a safe and clean environment for residents. It focuses on proper environmental controls like temperature, lighting, noise levels and hygiene to promote resident independence, comfort and self-esteem. Specific tasks covered include cleaning patient rooms, storing belongings, changing linens, making beds for open, closed and occupied beds. The goal is to create a home-like setting and prevent unsafe conditions.
The document discusses the nurse aide's role in promoting skin integrity by understanding skills needed to prevent pressure ulcers. As a direct caregiver, the nurse aide is key in preventing pressure ulcers through regular repositioning of residents, keeping their skin clean and dry, and reporting any skin changes immediately. The document provides information on proper positioning, moving, turning, and lifting techniques to prevent skin breakdown and pressure ulcers.
Nurse aides play an important role in providing personal hygiene and grooming care for residents, which helps promote independence, self-esteem, and a positive self-image. Key responsibilities include assisting residents with bathing, oral and nail care, shaving, hair care, and dressing; and encouraging residents to do as much for themselves as possible. Proper hygiene is essential for physical and psychological well-being, and nurse aides must understand residents' individual needs and preferences to effectively support their hygiene needs.
This document discusses the role of nurse aides in rehabilitative/restorative care. It explains that the goal of rehabilitative care is to help residents regain abilities and restore them to their highest level of functioning, while restorative care aims to maintain the abilities achieved through rehabilitation. The nurse aide's role involves encouraging independence, praising efforts, and working with residents to set goals and measure progress in regaining skills.
This document provides information about measuring and understanding vital signs including temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure. It focuses on temperature measurement, describing the normal temperature ranges for adults, different methods and sites for taking a temperature, and safety considerations. Temperature is an important vital sign that can provide information about a resident's health status and response to treatment.
Addiction is a chronic disease that is likely to recur, similar to other chronic diseases like diabetes or hypertension. Treatment is most effective when it combines both medication and behavioral treatments. Research shows treatment can be very effective, even when ongoing treatment is required, as addiction may otherwise recur without continued intervention and support. The document discusses understanding addiction as a disease, whether it is acute or chronic, and variability between individuals, before directing readers to a website to learn more about specific treatment experiences.
The document discusses drug abuse and addiction through a series of questions about an experiment with rats. The experiment shows that rats administered cocaine or electrical brain stimulation to the reward system will compulsively press a lever to receive more, demonstrating how drug use becomes reinforcing. It defines addiction as a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. While drug use is initially voluntary, it can lead to long-term changes in the brain that undermine a person's self-control and ability to stop using drugs. The risk of addiction is influenced by biological and environmental factors, and the threshold for addiction is not the same for all individuals.
4.03 drugs change the way neurons communicatemelodiekernahan
Certain drugs can interfere with neurotransmission in the brain by mimicking or blocking neurotransmitters like dopamine. Drugs like methamphetamine, nicotine, and cocaine cause the release of dopamine in the brain's reward system, producing feelings of pleasure. Alcohol alters brain neurons by binding to receptors for neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamate. The effects of a drug depend on factors like dosage, route of administration, genetics, and environmental stresses.
4.02 neurons, brain chemistry, and neurotransmissionmelodiekernahan
The document discusses neurons, brain chemistry, and neurotransmission. It describes how neurons communicate with each other through synapses using electrical and chemical signals. When a presynaptic neuron is activated, it releases neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, which may excite or inhibit that neuron and propagate the signal. The brain contains billions of neurons that interact through this synaptic transmission to control functions, behaviors, and emotions.
The document discusses the structure and functions of the main parts of the brain. It explains that the brain stem regulates basic functions like breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance. The limbic system regulates emotions. The diencephalon processes sensory information and controls the pituitary gland. The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions like thinking, language, and perception. The document also describes how brain imaging techniques like PET scans are used to study brain activity during different tasks.
3.05 making decisions in the face of uncertainitymelodiekernahan
This document discusses making decisions involving biomedical technologies when facing uncertainty. It notes that while science can help analyze uncertain situations and identify susceptible individuals through genetic screening, this ability also raises difficult ethical questions about using genetic information. Ultimately, science can determine what is possible but public policy and ethics analysis are needed to determine what should be done.
3.05 making decisions in the face of uncertainitymelodiekernahan
Sergei Grinkov, an Olympic gold medalist figure skater, suddenly collapsed and died during a practice session at age 28. He was found to have been born with a mutation in a single gene that affects blood clot formation, causing clots to form in the wrong places and leading to his unexpected heart attack. The document discusses how all diseases have both genetic and environmental factors that influence risk and how identifying genetic risks can help enable prevention strategies.
Molecular medicine is advancing as scientists sequence disease-related genes to better understand and treat disease. Physicians will tailor drug prescriptions based on genetic differences in how people respond to treatment. Determining the molecular structure of disease genes allows scientists to develop new treatment strategies by applying this genetic knowledge. As understanding of human genetic variation improves, diagnosis and treatment of diseases by physicians will change substantially.
This document discusses human genetic variation and how scientists study it. It covers several key points:
- Genetics is the study of inherited variation in humans. Studying human genetics helps us understand ourselves as well as treat diseases.
- Scientists use techniques like transmission genetics, cytology, molecular analysis and DNA microarrays to study genetic variation.
- While humans share much of our genetic information, no two individuals (except identical twins) have the same complete genetic makeup. There is natural genetic variation among humans.
- Understanding genetic variation is important for medicine to promote health and treat diseases. It also raises ethical issues that society must address.
How to Create a Stage or a Pipeline in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Using CRM module, we can manage and keep track of all new leads and opportunities in one location. It helps to manage your sales pipeline with customizable stages. In this slide let’s discuss how to create a stage or pipeline inside the CRM module in odoo 17.
Information and Communication Technology in EducationMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 2)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐈𝐂𝐓 𝐢𝐧 𝐞𝐝𝐮𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:
Students will be able to explain the role and impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in education. They will understand how ICT tools, such as computers, the internet, and educational software, enhance learning and teaching processes. By exploring various ICT applications, students will recognize how these technologies facilitate access to information, improve communication, support collaboration, and enable personalized learning experiences.
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐜𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐞𝐭:
-Students will be able to discuss what constitutes reliable sources on the internet. They will learn to identify key characteristics of trustworthy information, such as credibility, accuracy, and authority. By examining different types of online sources, students will develop skills to evaluate the reliability of websites and content, ensuring they can distinguish between reputable information and misinformation.
How to Download & Install Module From the Odoo App Store in Odoo 17Celine George
Custom modules offer the flexibility to extend Odoo's capabilities, address unique requirements, and optimize workflows to align seamlessly with your organization's processes. By leveraging custom modules, businesses can unlock greater efficiency, productivity, and innovation, empowering them to stay competitive in today's dynamic market landscape. In this tutorial, we'll guide you step by step on how to easily download and install modules from the Odoo App Store.
How to Manage Reception Report in Odoo 17Celine George
A business may deal with both sales and purchases occasionally. They buy things from vendors and then sell them to their customers. Such dealings can be confusing at times. Because multiple clients may inquire about the same product at the same time, after purchasing those products, customers must be assigned to them. Odoo has a tool called Reception Report that can be used to complete this assignment. By enabling this, a reception report comes automatically after confirming a receipt, from which we can assign products to orders.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Creative Restart 2024: Mike Martin - Finding a way around “no”Taste
Ideas that are good for business and good for the world that we live in, are what I’m passionate about.
Some ideas take a year to make, some take 8 years. I want to share two projects that best illustrate this and why it is never good to stop at “no”.
8+8+8 Rule Of Time Management For Better ProductivityRuchiRathor2
This is a great way to be more productive but a few things to
Keep in mind:
- The 8+8+8 rule offers a general guideline. You may need to adjust the schedule depending on your individual needs and commitments.
- Some days may require more work or less sleep, demanding flexibility in your approach.
- The key is to be mindful of your time allocation and strive for a healthy balance across the three categories.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
4. Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron- a nerve cell
Extensions of the neuron
Dendrites
Axon
3.01 Remember the structures of the
4
nervous system
5. Cellular structures of the nervous
system
Neuron
Myelin sheath
Synapse
3.01 Remember the structures of the
5
nervous system
6. Structures of the nervous system
Central nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
3.01 Remember the structures of the
6
nervous system
7. Structures of the nervous system
Peripheral nervous system
Nerves
Cranial
Spinal
Sensory receptors
3.01 Remember the structures of the
7
nervous system
9. Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
Cerebrum
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Parietal lobe
Temporal
lobe
3.01 Remember the structures of the
9
nervous system
10. Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
Diencephalon
Structures
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
3.01 Remember the structures of the
10
nervous system
11. Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
Limbic system
Olfactory bulb
Amygdala
Hippocampus
Parahippocampus
Fornix
Mammillary body
Cinginulated gyrus
Septum pellucidum
3.01 Remember the structures of the 11
nervous system
12. Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
Cerebellum
3.01 Remember the structures of the
12
nervous system
13. Structures of the central nervous system :
BRAIN
Brain stem
Pons
Midbrain
Medulla oblongata
3.01 Remember the structures of the
13
nervous system
14. Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
Meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
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14
nervous system
15. Structures of the central nervous system:
BRAIN
Cerebral Ventricles
Left lateral ventricle
Right lateral ventricle
Third ventricle
Fourth ventricle
3.01 Remember the structures of the
15
nervous system
16. Structures of the central nervous system:
Spinal Cord
3.01 Remember the structures of the
16
nervous system
17. Structures of the central nervous system:
Spinal Cord
Peripheral nervous
system
12 cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the
17
nervous system
18. Structures of the
Central Nervous System
I. Olfactory
II. Optic
III. Oculomotor
IV. Trochlear
V. Trigeminal
VI. Abducens
VII. Facial
VIII. Vestibulocochlear
IX. Glossopharyngeal
X. Vagus
XI. Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
3.01 Remember the structures of the
18
nervous system
19. Structures of the
Central Nervous System
Peripheral nervous
system
31 pairs of spinal nerves
3.01 Remember the structures of the
19
nervous system
20. Structures of the
Central Nervous System
Motor system
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Sensory neurons
Motor neurons
3.01 Remember the structures of the
20
nervous system
21. Structures of the
Central Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
3.01 Remember the structures of the
21
nervous system
22. Structures of the
Central Nervous System
Somatic Nervous System
3.01 Remember the structures of the
22
nervous system
23. Structures of the
central nervous system
our
c k y g e…
he led
C w
k no
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23
nervous system
24. Structures of the nervous system
!
er thi s
Rememb
3.01 Remember the structures of the
24
nervous system
25. Essential question
What are the structures of the nervous system?
3.01 Remember the structures of the
25
nervous system
Editor's Notes
MAKE NEURON ACTIVITY Neuron has nuclues, cytoplasm, and cell membrane. Extensions (processes) of the cytoplasm from the cell body are dendrites and one axon. The processes are paths along which a nerve impulse can travel. Axons carry messages away from the cell body. Dendrites carry messages to the cell body.
Myelin sheath- a special covering of the axon. The myelin sheath speeds up the nerve impulse as it travels along the axon. The myelin sheath produces a fatty substance called myelin which protects the axon Synapse= the space between neurons. Synapse is where the messages go from one cell to the next cell. Message will go from the axon of one cell to the dendrite of another cell. The cells never actually touch each other. This space is called the synaptic cleft. There are neurotransmitters (chemicals) which will actually carry the message from one cell to the next.
Consists of two structures. Brain and Spinal cord
Consists of the nerves of the body. 12 pairs of cranial nerves extending out from the brain 31 pairs of spinal nerves extending out from the spinal cord
The adult brain weighs approximately 3 pounds and consists of 100 billion neurons. The brain is protected by the cranial cavity. It is also protected by the meninges (membranous covering) and the cerebrospinal fluid. The brain is made up of white and grey matter. The outer cortex (cerebral cortex) is grey matter. The deeper parts of the brain are white matter. The brain is divided into 4 major parts- cerebrum. Diencephalon, cerebellum, and the brain stem.
The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain. It occupies the whole upper part of the skull and weighs about 2 pounds. Covering the upper and lower surfaces of the cerebrum is a layer of grey matter which is called the cerebral cortex. The cerebrum is divided into two hemispheres/sides (right and left) by a deep groove called the longitudinal fissure. The surface of the cerebrum is completely covered with grooves and ridges. The deeper grooves are called fissures and the shallower ones are called sulci. The elevated ridges between the sulci are called gyri (convulations). Each side is divided into a frontal parietal occipital and temporal lobe. The lobe is named for the bone that covers them.
Located between the cerebrum and the midbrain. It contains two major structures- thalamus and hypothalamus. Thalamus is a spherical mass of grey matter. It is found deep inside each of the hemispheres. Hypothalamus lies beneath the thalamus.
Located in the center of the brain beneath the four lobes and it encircles the top of the brain stem.
Located below the cerebrum. It also consists of two hemispheres (sides)- right cerebellar hemisphere and the left cerebrellar hemisphere. The two hemispheres are connected by the vermis. The cerebellum consists of gray matter on the outside and white matter on the inside. The white matter is marked with a treelike pattern called arbor vitae (tree of life).
Brain stem is made up of 3 parts: The pons (bridge) is located in front of the cerebullem between the mid brain and the medulla oblongata. The midbrain extends from the mammilary bodies to the pons The medulla oblongata is a bulb shaped structure found between the pons and the spinal cord. It lies inside the cranium and above the foramen magnum of the occipital bone.
The 3 protective covers of the brain Dura mater Outermost layer which lines the inside of the skull. Tough dense mebrane of fibrous connective tissue that has a lot of blood vessels Arachnoid mater Middle layer which resembles a cobweb (spiderweb) Pia mater Innermost layer covers the brain surface. Consists of blood vessels held together by connective tissue Between the arachnoid and pia mater is where cerebrospinal fluid is located
lined cavities deep within the brain and filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Left lateral ventricle & Right lateral ventricle located in the cerebral hemispheres Third ventricle- behind and below the laterals Fourth ventricle- located below the thrid and in front of the cerebellum and behind the pons and medulla oblongata Each of the ventricles have a rich network of blood vessels from the pia mater called Choroid plexus. This helps to produce cerebrospinal fluid.
Continues down from the brain. It begins at the foramen magnum of the occipital bone and continues to the second lumbar vertebra (L2). It is soft white matter and lies within the vertebra of the spinal column. It is made up of a series of 31 segments. The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (spine) , three layers of meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid.
Cranial nerves start in the brain. Most cranial nerves are mixed nerves- they carry nerve impulses to the brain (sensory) and nerve impulses to the organ/gland/muscle (motor) fibers. 1. Smell 2.Vision 3.Eyelid and eyeball movement 4.Turns eye downward and laterally 5.Face and mouth touch and chewing 6.Turns eyes laterally 7.Controls most facial expressions, secretion of tears and saliva, also responsible for taste 8.hearing, equilibrium and sensation 9. taste, senses carotid blood pressure 10. Senses aortic blood pressure, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs and also plays a role in taste 11. Controls Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid muscles and controls swallowing movement 12. Movement of the tongue muscles. O n O ld O lympus' T owering T op, A F inn A nd G erman V iewed S ome H ops http://fc.units.it/ppb/neurobiol/Neuroscienze%20per%20tutti/cranial.html
Start in the spinal cord and connect to each segment of the spinal cord. They exit through the openings in the vertebra. Each pair if spinal nerves is connected to that segment of the cord by two pairs of attachments called roots. The posterior/dorsal root is the sensory root and contains only sensory nerves. They conduct impulses from the periphery (ie: skin) to the spinal cord. The other point of attachment is the anterior/ventral root and is the motor root. It conducts impulses from the spinal cord to the periphery (ie: muscles). Cervical =8 Thoracic= 12 Lumbar= 5 Sacral=5 Coccygeal=1
Sympathetic Nervous System is basically two cord beginning at the base of the brain, along both sides of the spinal column. These nerves connect to all vital internal organs (heart liver pancreas stomach intestines blood vessels iris of eyes sweat glands and the bladder) Referred to as the FLIGHT or FIGHT system. Parasympathetic Nervous System has two important active nerves The vagus nerve starts at the medulla oblongata and proceeds down the neck and sends branches to the chest and neck. The pelvic nerve emerges from the spinal cord around the hip region and connects with the organs of the lower body
Conducts impulses from the brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscles These nerves are located along the spinal cord. Connect skeleton, muscles and joints to the brain.