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MAKE IT STICK
The Science of Successful Learning
Chapter 1

Learning is Misunderstood
1. Learning is deeper 

and more durable 

when it is …
effortful
Photo by Jonathan Borba from Pexels
2. We are poor
judges of when
we are learning well
and when we
are not.
3. Massed practice is the most preferred
strategies of learners …
it is also among the
least productive.
Photo by Jopwell from Pexels
4. Retrieval practice is
effective.
Photo by alan bridges from FreeImages
flashcards are a simple example of 

retrieval practice
Periodic practice arrests forgetting,
strengthens retrieval routes, and is essential
for hanging onto the knowledge you want
to gain.
(Brown, et al. 2014)
5. Trying to solve
a problem before
being taught the
solution leads to
better learning.
Photo by Oladimeji Ajegbile from Pexels
6. We are all
easily deceived
about what we
know and think we
can do.
Photo by Nikolay Ivanov from Pexels
7. New learning
requires a
foundation of
prior knowledge.
Photo by Nikolay Ivanov from Pexels
Elaboration is the process of giving new
material meaning by expressing it in your
own words and connecting it with what you
already know.
(Brown, et al. 2014)
8. Organizing key ideas
into a mental model
leads to mental mastery
Photo by Jahangir Alam from Pexels
Make It Stick 1 – Introduction

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Make It Stick 1 – Introduction

  • 1. MAKE IT STICK The Science of Successful Learning
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5. Chapter 1 Learning is Misunderstood
  • 6. 1. Learning is deeper 
 and more durable 
 when it is … effortful Photo by Jonathan Borba from Pexels
  • 7. 2. We are poor judges of when we are learning well and when we are not.
  • 8. 3. Massed practice is the most preferred strategies of learners … it is also among the least productive. Photo by Jopwell from Pexels
  • 9. 4. Retrieval practice is effective. Photo by alan bridges from FreeImages
  • 10. flashcards are a simple example of retrieval practice
  • 11. Periodic practice arrests forgetting, strengthens retrieval routes, and is essential for hanging onto the knowledge you want to gain. (Brown, et al. 2014)
  • 12. 5. Trying to solve a problem before being taught the solution leads to better learning. Photo by Oladimeji Ajegbile from Pexels
  • 13. 6. We are all easily deceived about what we know and think we can do. Photo by Nikolay Ivanov from Pexels
  • 14. 7. New learning requires a foundation of prior knowledge. Photo by Nikolay Ivanov from Pexels
  • 15. Elaboration is the process of giving new material meaning by expressing it in your own words and connecting it with what you already know. (Brown, et al. 2014)
  • 16. 8. Organizing key ideas into a mental model leads to mental mastery Photo by Jahangir Alam from Pexels