When Fortune 100 executives lose their jobs over spectacular errors of judgment or behavior, it’s always their innate nature that leads them astray. Dynamic, forceful, ambitious executives have no monopoly on blindness about their darker urges, but if you want to achieve success under stress and manifest your goals, you must look inside our self and be honest about what you see. Leadership guru Tim Irwin dissects six large than- life executives who derailed and explains what you can learn from each of them and from all of them. His easy, readable, compassionate tone conceals the profundity of his insights, but he delivers his message.

1. Tim Irwin
Some Impressionistic takes from the book
“Derailed “
by Ramki
ramaddster@gmail.com

2. About Tim Irwin, Ph.D.
Tim Irwin, Ph.D., is an author, speaker
and leading authority on leadership
development, organizational
effectiveness and executive selection.
For more than 20 years, he has
consulted with many of America's most
well-respected organizations and top
Fortune 100 companies. He has also
served in a senior management post
for a U.S.-based company with more
than 300 offices worldwide. Presently,
he is managing partner of Irwin Inc., a
provider of psychological services to
businesses

3. There must be a million books out there on leadership. And whether we’re
aspiring leaders or analytical followers, leadership is something that we all
have an opinion on.
As a result, books about the great leadership successes draw us like
magnets. But Tim Irwin, Ph.D., looks at the discussion of leadership from the
opposite perspective—leadership failures. That’s what makes “DERAILED:
Five Lessons Learned from Catastrophic Failures of Leadership” such a
compelling book.
Irwin examines the collapse of some of the biggest names in business:
 Robert Nardelli at Home Depot;
 Carly Fiorina at Hewlett-Packard;
 Durk Jager at Procter & Gamble;
 Steven Heyer at Starwood Hotels & Resorts & Worldwide;
 Frank Raines at Fannie Mae; and
 Dick “Richard” Fuld at Lehman Brothers.
Happy Reading ……
Prelude

5.  5 feet 10 inches tall & 195 pounds
 His dream of playing professional football was a
stretch. “The rest of the world got bigger,” he
recalled, “and I didn’t grow anymore.”
 Perhaps this was when the chip began to form on
Nardelli’s shoulder.
 From that point on, he seemed wrought with
something to prove, if not to the NFL, then to the
hard-hitting, high dollar corporate world.
 He earned a business degree and took a job at General Electric(GE)
 Not a blazing intellect, he worked the longest hours, tackled the toughest
turnarounds, and became, in the words of GE’s CEO at the time, Jack Welch, “the
best operating executive I’ve ever seen.”
 He was duly nicknamed “Little Jack.”
 He was primed to succeed his namesake as GE’s next CEO, but he came up short
yet again, and this time it had nothing to do with his height
 Soon after Welch let him go, Nardelli was offered the CEO position at Home
Depot in 2000. Nardelli’s charge: Tidy the chaos of Home Depot’s rapid,
uncontrolled expansion

6. Robert Nardelli in Home Depot
 Nardelli brought discipline to Home Depot but the shifting of gears was
shocking to a lot of people who were well accustomed to his predecessor
Bernie Marcus’ laid-back style.
 By many benchmarks, including sales, gross margins, and profits, Bob
Nardelli did a fairly good job at Home Depot.
 He came under fire and extreme criticism for his gargantuan compensation
package relative to the stock's weak performance, slowing profits and a
regulatory probe about its options practices, and his management style.
 98% turnover in the company’s top executives – with 56% new hires coming
in from outside the company- supports this notion.
 People simply couldn’t and wouldn’t work passionately for their command-
and-control leader
 Home Depot had to fight growing competition from Lowe’s and it needed to
reinvigorate growth in the U.S. market and boost overseas growth.
 If there is a generalization about Nardelli’s mistake, it is that he usurped
Home Depot’s identity. This was the result of a much deeper mistake than
alienating employees & angering stockholders

7. Robert Nardelli- Leadership style
Let us analyse his Leadership style
 Nardelli displayed an unprecedented level of arrogance at Home Depot.
It was marked with heavy-handedness and inflexibility.
 He embarked on an embarked on an aggressive plan to centralize
control.
 He neglected the touchy-feely stuff, enthusiasm of his people, a sense of
humility before his board, the care of his shareholders.
 He was maniacal about goals, objectivity, accomplishments within the
boundaries of the values of the company.
 He invested heavily in technology.
 He also wanted to virtually measure everything in the company and hold
top managers strictly accountable for meeting the numbers.
 It was his way or the highway.
 His tone-deaf response to criticism was only slightly overshadowed by an
ego that served as the antithesis of his physical stature. His intolerance
for imperfect people and those who could not be controlled sent only one
message: Get it right or get out

8. Robert Nardelli- The result
 While no one will argue that Nardelli is highly capable, he will likely not fulfil his
potential as a leader until he learns what all great leaders know: Greatness does
not result from competence only; it flows from an inspired work force that trusts
the character of its leader.
 Business slowed down & the competition Lowe’s started enjoying better
reputation.
 It had a more appealing store design & women shoppers endorsed it.
 Better customer service, customer experience, & personalized product offerings
gave Lowe’s stores the competitive advantage which eventually moved it directly
onto Home Depot turf.
 Nardelli’s reign at Home Depot was characterized by the “callous” and
“inflexible” management style.
 However his reputation suffered when Home Depot's smaller archrival, “Lowe's
Companies, soared more than 200% since 2000, while Home Depot's shares
declined 6%”, according to Bloomberg data.
 The retail organization never really embraced his leadership style. The company
needed a more innovative and constructive leadership.
 Nardelli stepped down and exited the company at the beginning of 2007.

9. Leadership –Take away
 Results are important in leadership. Business leaders also need to pay
attention to soft organizational skills: intangible leadership, organization, and
people stuff.
 The previous section clearly indicated that Robert Nardelli improved financial
metrics. However, he failed to codify what he learned in the past at GE.
 He should have adapted the principle behind the experience he acquired to
appropriately respond in the situation.
 He is reputed to be high-handed and authoritarian.
 Home Depot was a haven for independent-minded employees. When
Nardelli came in with new ideas for change, the employees did not have the
desire for transformation since they did not feel the need for change and their
morale was good.
 He believed that managing by metrics was the best way to guarantee
fairness in judging a person’s performance.
 Nardelli acquired control, the store managers felt that they lost their
autonomy and independence. This led to the failure of unification of
commitment and enthusiasm of his followers.

10.  CEO & Chairman HP 1999-2005
 AT&T 1980-1998
 Led Lucent IPO 1998-1999
 Six time Forbes Businesswoman of the year ‘98-05
 First woman to lead Fortune 20 Company
 Born September 6, 1954
 Stanford BA, Smith School of Business MBA, Sloan School of Business at MIT
Masters Science in Business
 Was a candidate for U. S. Senate – California
 Pushed the controversial merger with Compaq in 2002 overcoming the opposition
from the board & Hewlett family member

11. Traditional HP way
 HP’s culture was consensus-style & this was sharp disadvantage in the fast
growing internet market & change of business environment.
 There was a need to make the transformation
 Carly Florina took some drastic steps to improve the performance of HP, which
proved a major departure from a cultural point of view.
 Traditional HP way
 Life long employment and employee satisfaction
 Collaborative & Relaxed culture
 Open door policy & communication
 Management by walking around – treating employees as family members
 Recognizing individual achievements , treating all with trust & respect
 Encouraging flexibility & teamwork
 Uncompromising on professional & personal integrity
 Focus on high level of achievement & contribution

12. Challenges faced by HP
 Retirement of Hewlett – followed by Packard
 Intense increase in competition- Competition progressed by HP -
Stagnant
 Traditional culture has resulted into consensus culture
 Problem of bureaucracy
 Lack of innovation & sense of urgency not there

13. Carly Fiorina –Her way
 Implemented several cost cutting measures
 Laid off- 1700 employees
 Focus on performance , not on team
 Further lay off of 6000 employees
 Pay cut
 Merger with Compaq
 No more life long employment
 360 degree feedback concept
 Focus on R & D – increase in innovation
 Bonus based on HP vs. Competitors performance
 Tried to change organizational culture too much and too fast

14. Carly Fiorina- Leadership Style
Democratic Leadership Style
 Unique, sometimes outrageous
 Branding - Her companies - Herself
 Feisty and aggressive attitude
 Ambitious
 High Structure & High Consideration
Traits & Characteristics
 Drive change – or be swallowed by it
 People skills – meet & greet sessions
 Shared Vision
 Progress and innovation through
debate
Behaviour & Motivation
Strike the right balance
Overcome fear & Manage
desire
Culture – CEO sets the tone
Accountability – hold people
accountable

15. Carly Fiorina –Leadership Take away
Positives
 Driving the massive transformation of culture & she understood if HP has
to survive there is a need to change the culture across the organization
 The HP way requires people to work together , agility & nimble
 HP to master the commoditized technology business ( system
business)instead of sticking its old innovation driven engineering
business
 Focused on innovation
Negatives
 No team work & Lack of empowerment
 Star approach & Degrading moral value of the organization
 Dissatisfaction in employees
 Too much competence culture & destroying company’s cherished culture
 Hire-fire policy leading to insecurity , fearful work environment
 Seeing the shortcomings in others, but did not acknowledge in herself.
 Self-focussed & disingenuous

16.  Born 30 April 1943, Netherlands) is an American businessman, private investor and
consultant.
 As of 2012, he is the Director of Chiquita Brands International (since December
2002).
 He was the CEO of Procter & Gamble from 1 September 1999 to 2000.
 He has served on the Board of Directors of Eastman Kodak & United Negro College
fund
 On the Board of Governors of The nature conservancy, as the chairman of
the Japan America Society of Greater Cincinnati, and a member of the International
Council, J.P. Morgan & Co.
 Tough, Autocratic & joined as COO and four years later became the CEO
 He was adamant that rapid restructuring and cultural change were necessary to free
innovation from the many layers of bureaucracy.
 He was dead-on in theory — structural and cultural change were necessary to
survive.
 However, he was way off track in the application.

17. Durk Jager
 Within 9 months in the job he announced 13% cut in manpower.
 He then disregarded business managers responsible for current
products and transferred their responsibilities to global brand managers.
 He simultaneously established “innovation teams” that displaced the
company’s best and brightest from important daily roles to the ongoing
development and launching of the best new brands
 Jager failed by over-focusing the company’s resources on generating the
next big idea and introducing products that “left customers yawning,”
 Under-investing in the development and marketing of established
brands. This was very glaring, fiscally tangible reasons for Jager’s short
and unsuccessful tenure –– he missed earnings projections twice in six
months, and the company’s price per share declined 52 %
 His ultimate deraliers were less tangible failures of character.

18. Durk Jager- His way
 Change can be orchestrated respectfully and incrementally, but it was
not Jager’s way.
 He went about the change forcefully and immediately, and his actions
showed a gross disregard for P&G’s existing culture.
 More than that, his approach displayed a disregard for the lives his
demands were affecting.
 He clearly displayed all of the four categories of derailers.
 Throughout his tenure, he maintained an intense — even feared —
degree of arrogance.
 He openly despised the old mores of the company, making it clear
that he found P&G’s culture to be intolerable and wholly to blame for
the company’s problems.
 He also cultivated a ruthless image in an attempt to convey his hard-
charging commitment toward turning the company around.
 The inauthentic veneer intimidated employees & implanted an
intended sense of insecurity about their place in the company.

19. Durk Jager –Leadership Take away
His derailment teaches us a further lesson:
Neither speed nor good business sense are substitutes for good
leadership

20.  Born on Jun 13th , 1952
 Graduated from Cornell in 1974 in Industrial Relations
 Nick named in his college as “ The tank” for his
relentless ways.
 Joined Booz, Allen & Hamilton – International Strategy
consulting firm in 1976 & rose to Sr.V.P in 15 years.
 President & COO – Young & Rubicam advertising -
1992-1994.
 President – Turner Broadcasting System –responsible for CNN in late 2000
 Moved Coca-Cola in 2001. and walked away with US $ 24 M in 2004
 Moved to Starwood Hotels & resorts in Oct 2004 – Franchise for 850 hotels
 Prolific mass Marketer
 In 2007 the Starwood Hotels Board had issues regarding his management style
which lead to loss of confidence in his leadership ( Forbes)
 Starwood hotels income doubled over 2006 in 2007, but he failed to win the board’s
backing.

21.  In Starwood , the master marketer made a very basic marketing blunder: He failed
to keep up appearances –– namely his own.
 As was his protocol, he went right to polishing the branding side of the Starwood
business.
 While he was turning the company’s brands to gold, he was losing touch with the
people he was leading.
 It was the beginning of an internal branding issue and he was the problem product.

22.  Leaders make mistakes. While they are held to a higher standard, they still have lapses in
judgment.
 Certain mistakes, handled tactfully, wilfully and humbly, are often forgivable to the point
where the position of leadership is salvageable.
 The same mistakes avoided and handled irresponsibly — or worse, flippantly and
arrogantly— often say a lot more about a leader than the mistakes ever did.
 This was the case with Steven Heyer.
 The Starwood board had been willing to overlook his rough edges given his continued
accomplishments. Yet, Heyer was flippant in his self-consumption.
 His lack of humility was first evident by his roguish work habits, opting to commute from his
Atlanta office instead of remaining a steady presence at headquarters in White Plains, N.Y.
 However the real straw that broke the camel’s back was His handling of the accusations of
his inappropriate activity with female employees.
 His approach “ I did it , but owe no explanation “
 His derailment ensued because he never committed himself to the role of a leader within
Starwood.
 He grew the company, boosted the stock and polished its brands, but he remained
dangerously detached.
 He was a steam engine attempting to pull the rest of the train without being attached to it.
 While Heyer knew the company brands, he never knew the company –– and the company
never knew him.
 His detachment only exasperated the allegations of his inappropriate behaviour.

23.  Born on Jan 14th , 1949
 Former Chairman and Chief Executive officer of the
Federal National Mortgage Association, commonly
known as Fannie Mae, who served as White House
budget director under President Bill Clinton.
 His role leading Fannie Mae came under scrutiny.
 In 1969, Raines first worked in national politics,
preparing a report for the Nixon administration on the
causes and patterns of youth unrest around the
country related to the Vietnam War.
 He served in the Carter Administration as associate director for economics &
government in the Office of Management and Budget and assistant director of
the White House Domestic Policy Tariff from 1977 to 1979.
 Then he joined Lazard Freres & Co, where he worked for 11 years and became a
general partner.
 In 1991 he became Fannie's Mae's Vice Chairman, a post he left in 1996 in order to
join the Clinton Administration as the Director of the U.S Office of Management &
Budget , where he served until 1998.
 In 1999, he returned to Fannie Mae as CEO.

24.  In the late 1990s, middle-class homeownership looked to be peaking after nearly a
decade-long run of good fortune for any company in the mortgage business,
especially for the government-chartered and sponsored Fannie Mae.
 Under chief executive James A. Johnson, the value of its assets had tripled and its
share price had risen sevenfold.
 Johnson left his office for the last time in December 1998, Fannie Mae faced the
challenge of sustaining its run on double-digit growth and its reputation as the
“dominant force in the mortgage industry.”
 There was a need to be creative, non-traditional efforts to expand the housing
market through “groups –– black and Hispanic families, immigrants and single
people –– that traditionally have been far less likely to buy houses.”
 Fannie Mae needed a leader who not only understood all sides of the government-
backed mortgage business but also understood the people who would become
their most important customers.
 Franklin Delano Raines seemed perfectly suited.
 Raines leveraged the work ethic and financial wisdom passed down from his
parents into a noteworthy career.
 Reputation for tight accounting, results-driven leadership and shrewd diplomacy,
simultaneously climbing the political, legal and corporate ladders and working with
the Nixon, Carter and Clinton administrations.

25.  With Raines conducting, Fannie Mae not only sustained double-digit
income growth but vastly expanded its reach with new technology and
products.
 The biggest — and costliest — of Fannie’s expansions was Raines’s
commitment to invest $2 trillion in mortgage programs that would make
homeownership & rental housing more affordable for 18 million more
families.
 The program included sub-prime mortgages.
 This greater opportunity of homeownership, Raines believed, was Fannie
Mae’s mission personified.
 He was hailed a hero by many.
 Fannie Mae was constantly under attack from mortgage industry rivals
who insisted the company maintained an unfair advantage with its
government ties and under-regulated procedures. Raines rose to each
challenge with the nimble diplomacy for which he was known.
 There was one attack, however, for which Raines was neither prepared
nor deft enough to defeat.

26.  From 1999 to 2002, Fannie Mae accountant Roger Barnes sent repeated
correspondence to a “wider range of Fannie Mae managers and
executives,” including Frank Raines and Fannie Mae Chief Financial
Officer
 Timothy Howard, urging them to look into accounting irregularities he had
discovered.
 It is said that adverse circumstances do not make or break you; they
reveal you.
 It is a fitting maxim given Raines’s telling response to the confirmation of
illegal accounting.
 His unwillingness to accept responsibility revealed his three primary
derailers:
1) lack of authenticity,
2) lack of humility and
3) lack of courage.

27.  The discrepancy between the legal conclusions & Raines’s
vague posturing sends the wrong message:
 The leader is larger than both the company and the bodies
that govern the company’s practices.
 Whether Raines understood it as such is debatable. Perhaps
he was not entirely aware of the illegal nature of the practices
he was allowing.
 He believed certain accounting measures were relative to
circumstances.
 Still one thing cannot be debated: Raines had and still has
every opportunity to admit, in the very least, to poor judgment,
lax standards or subjective governance.
 He has admitted none.

28.  Born April 26, 1946) is an American banker best
known as the final Chairman and Chief Executive
Officer of Lehman Brother.
 He had held this position since the firm's 1994 spinoff
from American Express until 2008.
 Lehman Brothers filed for Bankruptcy Protection
under Chapter 11on September 15, 2008,[5] and
subsequently announced a sale of major operations to
parties including Barclays Bank & Nomura Securities.
 Fuld was nicknamed the "Gorilla" on Wall Street for his competitiveness
 Conde Nast Portfolio ranked Fuld number one on their Worst American CEOs of All
Time list, stating he was "belligerent and unrepentant".
 His belligerent philosophy is remarkably frankly revealed in an internal company
video (about shortsellers) "I am soft, I'm lovable but what I really want to do is reach
in, rip out their heart and eat it before they die.
 Fuld was also named in Timemagazine's list of "25 People to Blame for the Financial
Crisis"

29. Strength is weakness well harnessed
 Under Fuld’s stewardship, Lehman soared.
 By 2006 Institutional Investor magazine had named him America’s top
chief executive.
 By the end of 2007, he was at the pinnacle of the financial world, having
turned a $102 million loss in 1993 into a $4.2 billion profit in 2007.
 In March 2008, Fuld was named to Barron’s list of the World’s 30 best
CEOs and dubbed “Mr. Wall Street.”
 The financial world would believe him, until the credit crisis came —
perhaps the only force tougher than the Wall Street brawler.
 Markets were crashing; investors were pulling funds; and the American
public was pocketing their pennies and losing their homes, their jobs and
their confidence.
 For the first time, Fuld was facing a fight bigger than Wall Street. It was
then he made the classic competitive error
 He grossly underestimated his opponent and overestimated his strength

30. Weakness is Strength well Un-harnessed
 In June 2008, Lehman Brothers posted a second-quarter loss of $2.8
billion, its first loss since going public in 1994.
 The blow was crushing to the organization and to Fuld — the man whose
track record had, for more than a decade, continued to overshadow itself
year after year.
 Fuld had been struck with a solid left hook. As he had always done before,
he shook it off and fought harder.
 Unfortunately, Lehman had been cut bad, and forceful Fuld could not stop
the bleeding.
 In September 2008, Lehman reported yet another loss — this time of $3.9
billion. Days later, the firm filed for bankruptcy protection and eventually
bankruptcy itself –– the largest in history.
 While it’s easy to respect the strength of a man like Fuld, one has to also
take into account that such strength is a weakness when it cannot be
harnessed.
 Ultimately, it was Fuld’s intensity-turned-stubborn-arrogance that did him in.
His derailment resulted from two things: He refused to quit fighting and he
failed to size up his opponent.

32. Derailment in Slow Motion
 Each of these leaders’ downfalls involves a complex set of
reasons.
 We see them in the media & its coverage and read the voyeuristic
details of their demise.
 The smoldering piles of wreckage mark ruined companies, ruined
careers and ruined reputations. It looks as if the crash took place in
one cataclysmic instant — one wrong turn and then the screeching
sound of twisting metal — a massive derailment. It is not the whole
story.
 Derailment occurs over time — and it occurs in a predictable
progression — a process that those who derail seem to follow.
 Derailed leaders progress through five stages as they head toward
their demise.
 Perhaps there’s hope for us to learn about these escalating stages
of derailment and stay on track.

33. Stage I: A Failure of Self-/Other-Awareness
 Derailed leaders seem to
manifest a lack of self-awareness.
 Self-awareness is a prerequisite
for managing ourselves well.
Derailed leaders also seem to
lack awareness of and concern
for others.
 This type of insight informs us as to the needs, desires, hopes
and moods of others that we might respond appropriately.
 It involves empathy, consideration and general attentiveness to
the interests of others.
 Derailed leaders seem oblivious to the impact of their
behaviour on others.

34. Stage II: Hubris –– Pride Before the Fall
 Hubris –– extreme arrogance ––
manifests itself in the leader who
believes he or she is the epicentre of an
organization’s success.
 Despite Home Depot’s storied
entrepreneurial, fraternal culture, Nardelli
presumed his controlling methodology
was better. Instead of using the positive
momentum with Home Depot’s culture,
he cut loose from the culture entirely and
bled the orange blooded faithful to death.
 No matter how bright and capable a
leader might be, the work of the
organization must be accomplished by
trusted colleagues.

35. Stage III: Missed Early Warning Signals
 The early warning signals of derailment were there for all six
leaders but went unheeded.
 People were yelling and waving their hands, but these
engineers paid no attention. In their arrogance, they missed
the signals.
 Fuld was born a winner, yet he was so focused on winning the
financial prize that he failed to see the chasm into which he
was guiding Lehman. He had tunnel vision. These otherwise
talented leaders did not see the warning signals represented
by subtle but persistent feedback about their own inner states,
others’ diminishing confidence in them or the wrong direction
in which they were leading the company. Early warning
signals should have jarred their attention to avoid the danger
ahead. Instead, our profiled leaders barreled ahead toward
the inevitable crash.

36. Stage IV: Rationalizing
 When it becomes apparent to a leader that he or she is losing
the confidence of colleagues or a board, his or her defences
are heightened.
 A siege mentality takes over, and the leader begins to
rationalize his or her actions, further insulating him- or herself
from the very information that could either fend off disaster or
greatly limit the damage.

37. Stage V: Derailment
 The emissary comes to the leader’s office and says, “I’m sorry
… it’s over. We all had high hopes for you here, but we need
to help you leave in a way that preserves the company and
maintains your dignity.”
 An irony of Stage V is that despite the board’s actions to
preserve their CEO’s dignity, our six profiled leaders undid
this preservation of dignity with their own actions.

39.  Character as expressed in authenticity, wisdom, humility and
courage must ultimately form the substance of who we are if
we want to have great impact.
Lesson 1- Character trumps competence

40.  It is commonly at the root of a leader’s undoing.
 Aloofness, being critical, self-promotion and not listening to
others all tie to arrogance.
Lesson 2- Arrogance is the mother of all derailers

41. Lesson 3- Lack of Self-/other- awareness is a common
denominator for all derailers

42. Lesson Four: We are always who we are ... Especially under
stress. If we will always be who we are, it pays to consider deeply
who we want to become and to make choices consistent with that
intention.

43. Lesson Five:
 Derailment is not inevitable, but without attention to
development, it is probable. In moments of gut-wrenching
candor, many self-aware leaders acknowledge a dark side to
their character.
 Leaders who have great strengths also possess significant
weaknesses, which cannot be ignored.
 Sadly, we, too, have the innate capacity for narcissism,
arrogance or disregard of other’s opinions and interests in
favour of our own.
 Perceptive executives control these impulses and choose to
manage their darker sides’ intrusion on decisions and
relationships. Those who are more likely to stay out of trouble,
constantly remind themselves of their own vulnerability.

45.  Business leaders must be tough, strong, resourceful & decisive. Yet these very
qualities can blind leaders to their own faults and cause “derailments.”
 Even powerful leaders can suffer derailment. Home Depot’s former CEO Bob
Nardelli fell off the tracks when he believed he was bigger than the company.
 Carly Fiorina suffered a similar fate when she refused to take responsibility for her
erroneous decisions as CEO of Hewlett-Packard.
 Durk Jager’s arrogant, bullying personality led to his derailment at Procter & Gamble.
 Derailing happens in five stages:
 First, a leader displays “a lack of self-awareness.”
 Second, he or she becomes drunk on pride and arrogance.
 Third, the leader develops “tunnel vision” and often ignores the nonverbal
 communications that signal danger ahead.
 Fourth, he or she makes excuses for bad decisions and shirks blame for
failures.
 Fifth, derailment. The board fi res the leader to benefit the company.
 To avoid derailment, develop “authenticity, self-management, humility and
courage.”
 Know who you are, including recognizing aspects of yourself that you dislike..

46. Mail your comments to ramaddster@gmail.com