Mass Incarceration Essay Structure and Agency Essay Essay about Organizational Structures Essay on Capital Structure Essay about Organizational Structure My Family Structure Lewis Structure

1. Mass Incarceration Essay
English 2
9 September 2013
Mass Incarceration Mass incarceration is one of very many huge problems we have here in
America. But when you really look into the core of the situation, whose fault is it really. Right
away you think it is the criminals fault for getting arrested in the first place right? More people
should be well behaved and not end up in prison? But what a lot of people fail to notice are the
ones that actual do the actual sentencing. In Paul Butlers book, Lets Get Free he writes, "I became
a prosecutor because I hate bullies. I stopped being a prosecutor because I hate bullies." Do I think
that some people belong in prison? Absolutely. But I also think that there are also even more people
that...show more content...
The drug war and racial profiling is a huge cause to mass incarceration. Vanita Gupta from the New
York times wrote, "in 2003 I represented dozens of African–American residents in Tulia, Tex., who
had been convicted after a botched drug sting. Jason Jerome Williams, a 22–year–old with no prior
criminal record, had been sentenced to 45 years in prison for four sales of an eighth of an ounce
of cocaine..., Others accepted plea deals to try to avoid such lengthy prison terms." I do not think
that drugs are okay to have, be sold, or to be under the influence of. But I do think that all of these
sentences are way to long for these people. These are the sentences' of those that commit way worse
crimes like maybe killing someone or endangering some one else's' life. In recent studies, it is shown
that...
The U.S has 25% of the worlds population in prison.
Nearly half of all prisoners in state prisons are locked up for nonviolent offences.
The U.S prison population rose by 700% from 1970 to 2005. A rate far outpacing that of general
population growth and crime rates.
1 in every 106 white males age 18 or older is incarcerated.
1 in every 36 Hispanic males age 18 or older is incarcerated.
1 in every 15 black males age 18 or older is incarcerated.
(Matt Sledge, The Huffington Post)
The U.S. imprisons more
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2. Structure and Agency Essay
Structure and agency are two theoretical terms used to explain the capacity at which we as people
are able to be individuals, and to what extent those influences limit our individuality. Structure refers
to the ways in which a society is organized. Agency refers to the behaviors and actions of the
individuals within the social structure. Agency is limited by the structure due to cultural barriers and
inequalities within the structure. In this essay, I will present an overview of why critical theorists
are concerned with those inequalities, and I will further identify the problems within the system
contributing to the unequal access to the public sphere, relating specifically to class and gender
inequalities. Society is highly...show more content...
As Habermas puts it "the relationship of the individual to the state has increasingly become one of
client or consumer services, rather than citizen" (Roberts & Crossley, 5). Due to the limited agency
(citizens' roles) within this sphere, we can conclude that the ongoing competition and negotiation
for a role in the public sphere ends with strictly dominant views. In such a monarchy, ordinary
citizens such as lower classes and women have limited input when debating politics among other
things. The ideal of a place where all opinions are counted, so to speak, fails to provide a sense of
individual identity. This is due to the fact that it is pre–destined by the state itself and then turned
back to the people– telling them what they will think about particular issues; shown especially
through the controlling lens of the media. According to Marx, those who have power over society
exert their control as a result of economic power and therefore determine the dominant ideologies
within the superstructure model. Being the greater economical and cultural barrier, the structure
provides the social world with norms, rules and beliefs pertaining to age, gender, class and one's
cultural identity. Within that structure it becomes apparent that inequalities restrict your agency in
terms of nationality, geographical location, class etc. In agreement with Marx, the dominant views
are generally the views of the superior class; the elite. One example
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3. Essay about Organizational Structures
Introduction
McShane and Von Glinow state that "the best organizational structure depends on the organization's
external environment, size, technology, and strategy" (409). To identify the best organizational
structure for ProtegГ© Engineering, I will first determine what 'Organizational Structure' means. In
a second step I will analyze its elements and carve out the important components for the considered
organization. Finally I will provide a conclusion and recommendation. Organizational Structures
In general, organizational structure is related to the way that an organization organizes employees
and jobs, so that its work can be performed and its goals can be met. McShane and Von Glinow
define 'Organizational Structure' in...show more content...
We can admit that informal communication is necessary in no routine and ambiguous situations
because employees can exchange large volume of information through face–to–face communication
and other media–rich channels. Therefore informal communication is important for ProtegГ©
Engineering because their work involve new and novel situations when developing specific solutions
for each client. Even if informal communication is difficult in large firms it can be possible when
keeping each production site small (McShane and Von Glinow 388). Now, that we identified what
organizational structure means, and that informal communication is necessary for ProtegГ©
Engineering, we need some more information of how structures differ from each other. McShane and
Von Glinow state that "every company is configured in terms of four basic elements of
organizational structure"; namely: span of control, centralization, formalization, and
departmentalization (390). Further on, I will explain these four elements and carve out what this
means for ProtegГ© Engineering.
The span of control "refers to the number of people directly reporting to the next level hierarchy"
(McShane and Von Glinow 390). Today's research found out that a wider span of control (many
employee directly reporting to the management) is more appropriate especially for companies with
staff members that coordinate their work mainly through standardized skills and do not
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4. Essay on Capital Structure
Introduction
The relationship between capital structure and firm value has been discussed frequently in the
literature by different researcher accordingly, in both theoretical and empirical studies. It has also
been discussed that whether the firm has any optimal capital structure that has been adopted by an
individual firm, or whether the proportions of debt usage is completely irrelevant to the individual
firm value.
A firm can choose a mix of three modes of financing i.e. issuing shares, borrowing from the market
and use of retained earnings. The ratio of this mix of funds purely depends on the firm and known as
optimal capital structure of the firm. This leads to the different capital structure theories. These
theories explain their...show more content...
Limited research work exists on this area, like Booth et al (2001) studied 10 developing countries
including Pakistan. However, this study was confined only to top 100 index companies. Second
study by Shah and Hijazi (2004) was an improvement on the first one as it included all non–financial
firms listed on KSE for the period 1997–2001. However, the second study too was basic in nature in
terms of its use of pooled regression model avoiding the fixed effects and random effects models.
The purpose of this study is to extend the work of Shah and Hijazi (2004) by extending the sample
period i.e 2001–2006 and including more firms in sample as convenient random selection of
samples, using relevant models of panel data and using more explanatory variables.
This study will further lead to the dynamics of KSE listed firms. Investor trends towards highly
leveraged firms and determination whether the optimum capital structure effects the decision of
investor resulting change in the balance sheet of a company.
Objective of the Study
The objective of this study is to check whether the changes in structure of capital has impact on the
overall value of the firms, and specifically in leverage ratio of firms listed in Karachi Stock
Exchange (KSE).
Literature Review
This section starts with the theory of irrelevancy of capital structure. Following subsections give the
overview of theories that suggest that the capital
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5. Essay about Organizational Structure
Organizational Structure
MGT/230
Chipotle's Organizational Structure
The reporting structure is a very important tool in an organization. This structure is a chart that
serves as a roadmap of management levels and positions. Every business has a chain of command
and it is structured uniquely, depending on the organization. The structure of an organization, if not
built correctly can destroy the organization just like a building with poor architecture. The blueprints
clarify and build a strong foundation in which to grow or build an organization. Chipotle is a
Mexican Grill Restaurant in the fast food industry that started out with one location in Colorado
back in 1993. Today it has just more than 1,400 locations in the United...show more content...
Dividing the organization into divisions based on the geographic region makes it possible for each
region to purchase their ingredients locally and organically. This divisional structure also allows the
company to evaluate and compare the regions.
This divisional structure is very different from that of others. A functional structure is organized into
departments according to the business functions. In this structure each department has its own
expectations and responsibilities, they are not like that of any other department, so the tasks in each
department are different from one another. In this type of structure each department is built with
individuals that have the skills and expertise in relation to that department. All 1,400 plus Chipotle
restaurants are owned by the same corporation. If this was not the case and some stores were
franchised out, then a network structure would need to be created. A network organization looks for
ways for tasks to be completed outside of the organization by outsourcing. A store that agrees to
license contracts and franchises with the company would be responsible for delivering and
completing the goals at the specific location; these business functions include management,
employment, product ordering, etc. Chipotle would be cutting a lot of cost and making money by
contributing little in return. This is the main reason an organization would choose a network type of
structure. The responsible party for the
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6. My Family Structure
I grew up in a nuclear family. There are four people in my family, consists of my father, mother,
my sister and me. My father is 62 years old. He's working as a insurance agent. My mother is 10
years younger than my father. She used to work as a store manager before she gave birth to me.
She quitted her job in order to take care of me and my sister because she believes that the mother
daughter bond can grow stronger day by day by spending time with us. My sisters and I are four
years apart. She is currently studying in Tsun Jin Independent School. Even though we fought a lot
growing, got mad at each other, but she is still my one and only sister and that's all that matters. I
think is normal for siblings to fight despite the age difference...show more content...
I am also aware of my role as a student, studying and doing the best I can to score in my exams so
that in the future I may provide a higher living standard to my family. For my sister, apart from also
being a student like myself, she basically carries the role of the helper at home. Unlike myself, she
spends a lot of time at home with mom while I'm out doing assignments and juggling college life.
By spending a lot of time at home, she spends more time with my mom, helping her with house
chores. With all these roles, comes rules as well, my parents have always given my sister and I
curfews. It is understandable because of all the crime rates shooting sky high these days, our parents
just wants us to be safe. Another important rule set by my parents is that all family members must
have dinner together. This is so that all of us can have our bonding time as a family. Communication
is the knot that ties it all and it is no doubt the most important thing needed in any kind of
relationship. For my family, the communication methods that we practice are pretty much very
decent. My parents, after years and years of being together, they can understand each other very
well. They can understand each other without even saying a word, just a face expression would do.
My parents communicate differently as compared to when they communicate with my sister and
myself. This is because of the hieratical
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7. Lewis Structure
Drawing a Lewis Structure
Lewis structure is the structure of a molecule in which dots are used to show the electron position
around the atoms that make up the molecule.
In order to produce the Lewis structure of a molecule, there are certain steps one needs to follow
(they are five (5) in number). Basically what I will do is to use the molecule methane (CH4) as
example to show you how to draw the Lewis structure of any molecule.
First Step
In order to produce the Lewis structure of methane, the first step is to count and determine the total
valence electron present in methane (or any molecule of interest). Methane is made up of carbon
and hydrogen atoms (CH4). The valence of carbon is 4 and that of hydrogen is 1. Since we have four
...show more content...
Checking the octet rule means counting the number of pair electrons around carbon to know if they
are up to eight. If yes, it means that we have our final Lewis structure. If no, it takes is to step five.
Looking at the second figure above, the octet rule is satisfied. This means that the final Lewis
structure of methane is:
Fifth Step
If octet rule is not satisfied, and more electrons remain to be shared, move one electron per bond per
atom to make another bond. An example is given below for CO2 molecule:
(Source: http://www.chem.ucla.edu/harding/lewisdots.html)
Isomer Questions
Isomers in organic chemistry are compounds that have the same molecular formula but with different
structural formulas.
(1) Pentane is isomer. Its molecular formula is: C5H12. Other compounds that have this same
molecular formula are: 2–methylbutane and 2,2–dimethylpropane. These three compounds have
different structural formulas (see below):
(2) 2–methylbutane is an isomer. See above, it is an isomer of Pentane.
(3) 2,3–dimethylbutane is an isomer of hexane. Their molecular formula is: C6H14. Their structural
formulas are shown below:
CH3(CH2)4CH3 for hexane and CH3CH(CH3)CH(CH3)CH3 for 2,3–dimethylbutane.
(4) 2,2–dimethylpropane is an isomer of pentane. See above.
(5) 1–hexene is also an isomer. For further information consult the following site: http:/
/webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R97406
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