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Anterior Open Bite Treatment in the Deciduous and Mixed Dentitions
1. Anterior Open Bite
Treatment in the Deciduous
and Mixed Dentitions
Dr.Marwan Mouakeh, Consultant Orthodontist
Academic Adviser, Al-Hokail Polyclinic – Khobar ( KSA)
2. Treatment Objectives
• Esthetics
• Functional :
Install normal swallowing pattern
improve the ability to incise and
chew food
improve the speech function .
3. Treatment Objective
»Allow normal vertical developmental and
eruption of the anterior teeth through
eliminating:
Sucking Habits
Tongue Thrusting
Eruption Obstacles
Open Bite treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentition
4. Overbite Measurement
The Accurate Method :
Measure the distance between the
maxillary and mandibular incisor
borders perpendicularly to the
functional occlusal plane.
G. Janson &F.Valarelli , Open –Bite Malocclusion Treatment and Stability . 2014
5. Open Bite Treatment in the Deciduous and Mixed Dentition
In about 95% of the AOB cases there is a dentoalveolar
involvement
Skeletal open bites are very rare in this stage
Treatment is easier than the correction in the
permanent dentition .
in the Deciduous Dentition
6. - Effects of Digit Sucking may include the dentoalveolar and
facial structures in all 3 planes ….
Sagittal
Vertical
Transverse
7. Open Bite Treatment
Treatment is mainly “ Etiological” : elimination of
deleterious habits and correction of altered tongue
posture .
No orthodontic treatment before the age of 5 years .
Parents should encourage spontaneous abandonment
of the habits:
- positive motivation
- reward strategy
in the Deciduous Dentition
8. •Approach to anterior open bite treatment before 5 years of age
( Janson & Valarelli,2014 )
9. After 5 years , if AOB still exist in spite of habit
abandonment ( unusual tongue thrust and posture ) :
Fixed or removable tongue crib
Speech therapy
in the Deciduous Dentition
Open Bite Treatment
10. Open Bite Treatment in the Mixed Dentition
Skeletal component of the AOB is greater than in the
deciduous dentition stage
Spontaneous correction is more difficult and takes
longer time
Treatment is indicated for cases :
Not improving with time
Negative overbite ≥ 2 mm.
11. Open Bite Treatment in the Mixed Dentition
Treatment Methods :
Appliances used to control the deleterious habits or
anterior tongue posture and thrust :
Palatal ( tongue) cribs associated with fixed or
removable appliances
Tongue spurs
Posterior Bite Blocks in cases with accentuated vertical
pattern .
12. Open Bite Treatment in the Mixed Dentition
Treatment Methods :
Management of airways problems and mouth breathing:
• Refer to ENT specialist
• Respiratory physiotherapy to restore nasal
breathing
Speech Therapy ( after closure of the AOB )
o To Reeducate the buccofacial musculature during
swallowing and speech
13. Open Bite Treatment in the Mixed Dentition
Treatment Duration :
• 3 to 18 months depending on :
patient compliance
patient age
malocclusion severity and characteristics
• The younger the patient and the milder the open bite
,the faster is the correction.
14. The aim is to stop the (non-nutritive )
sucking habits before the age of 6 years in order
to create a favorable environment for the
eruption of permanent teeth .
• Treatment Modalities
1 - Habit Control & Therapy
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
15. Means :
Or,
- intra-oral appliances designed to
act as a “ reminder” and
“ habit breaker” .
• Treatment Modalities
1 - Habit Control & Therapy
- Self-correction ( patient and parents cooperation )
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
16. 2 - Palatal Cribs and Tongue Spurs
to modify abnormal tongue behavior .
• Treatment Modalities
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
17. Palatal Cribs
may be associated to other removable
or fixed appliances
They act :
- as a reminder to avoid thumb sucking ,
or
- as a mechanical barrier against tongue
thrust and abnormal tongue posture .
Open Bite treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentition
18. Palatal Cribs
-May act as a mechanical barrier against tongue thrust
and abnormal tongue posture .
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
19. Palatal Cribs
The tongue(palatal) cribs should present adequate
length to actually prevent tongue thrust , usually extending
next to the cervical third of the mandibular incisors .
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
20. - Palatal cribs
To Modify the abnormal
tongue posture at rest and
during deglutition in order to
allow a normal development
of the anterior alveolar
structures.
• Treatment Modalities
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
21. - Tongue spurs
Are useful when incorrect
tongue posture is the primary
concern.
• Treatment Modalities
Open Bite treatment in the deciduous and mixed dentition
22. 3 - Refer to ENT specialist to resolve the mouth
breathing related to chronic respiratory
obstruction ( enlarged adenoids , large tonsils, chronic
inflammation of the nasal mucosa , deviated nasal
septum , allergies …. ) .
Eliminate “ habitual “ mouth
breathing and restore normal
breathing through the nose.
• Treatment Modalities
Oral screen
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
23. 4 - Myofunctional and Speech therapy (after AOB Correction )
aiming to retrain the muscle activity and correct the deleterious
resting and functional posture of the tongue .
• Treatment Modalities
5 - Mastication exercises , particularly in patients
with neuromuscular deficiencies .
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
24. 6 - Partial Glossectomy in patients with true
macroglossia or increased tongue size .
• Treatment Modalities
Open Bite treatment in the mixed dentition
29. •Posterior bite blocks with palatal cribs + V. chin cup ( 10 months)
•KH Mohammed, 8y7m.
Before After
30. •Posterior bite blocks with palatal cribs + V . chin cup ( 10 months)
•KH Mohammed, 8y7m.
Before After
31. Open Bite Treatment in the Mixed Dentition
Retention
Hawley plate with an orifice in the incisive papillae
region for, at least , 6 months
Modified Hawley plate with tongue crib and posterior
bite blocks
Tongue spurs ,especially when incorrect tongue posture
is the primary concern
Speech therapy in cases with abnormal tongue function
and posture.
33. Growing patients :
Overall Treatment Goal :
to Reduce or Redirect Vertical Skeletal Growth .
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
34. Growing patients :
Methods :
1 - The vertical holding appliance ( TPA with acrylic pad )
to induce intrusion of the upper maxillary 1st molars
2 - Posterior bite blocks made of wire or plastic and can
be spring-loaded or fitted with magnets
3 - Functional appliances such as Bionator or Frankel
Regulator FR IV .
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
37. •Posterior Bite Blocks with
Magnets
•Intrusion of posterior teeth
Growing patients
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
38. Growing patients :
Methods :
4 - High-pull headgear combined with mandibular splint
covering the posterior teeth and impede any secondary vertical
movement of these teeth.
5 - A combination of Activator and High-pull headgear ,
particularly if skeletal open bite is associated with Class II
pattern
6 - Vertical Chin Cup associated with removable or fixed
appliance therapy.
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
39. Growing patients
- Extra-oral forces with Headgear :
Vertical or occipital headgear on the
maxillary 1st molars
Cervical headgear on the mandibular
1st molars ( Pearson )
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
40. Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
•High-pull Headgear on maxillary 1st molars
Growing patients
42. Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
•Low-Pull Headgear on mandibular 1st molars
•The longer outer bow, the more vertical the component
of the force that is achieved (distal tipping moment of the
force is also increased ).
Growing patients
43. Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
•To induce a clockwise rotation of the
maxilla & maxillary dentition.
CR.dent
CR.max
Force vector
Growing patients
•High pull HG combined with functional appliance or
maxillary splint .
44. •High pull HG combined with functional appliance
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
Growing patients
45. • Line of Action of the Orthodontic Force should pass Below
the Centre of Resistance of Both the Maxilla and the
Maxillary Dentition .
Occipital Headgear included in a maxillary splint
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
46. Growing patients :
Posterior bite blocks combined with
Vertical Pull Chin Cup or Vertical pull
headgear
Rapid palatal expander combined with
Vertical Pull Chin Cup .
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
47. • Vertical Pull Chin Cup (VPCC) with Rapid Maxillary Expansion
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
Growing patients
Hyrax RM Expander
with bite blocks
48. Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
• Vertical chin cup with Posterior bite
blocks included in removable plates.
Growing patients
49. Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
•Posterior bite blocks combined
with Vertical pull headgear
Growing patients
50. • Vertical Pull HG with Rapid Maxillary Expansion & Tongue crib
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
51. • Sh. Hana , 9 y
• Anterior open bite
• Posterior cross bite(bilateral)
• Low tongue posture
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
52. • Sh. Hana , 10 y
• Cap splint with Hyrax expander + V. Chin Cup
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites
53. • Sh. Hana , 9 y
Early treatment of anterior open bite
9 yrs
10 yrs
12 yrs
54. • Sh. Hana , 9 y
9 yrs
12 yrs
Treatment – Skeletal Open Bites