An Instructional Comparison Between Face-To-Face And...

An Instructional Comparison Between Face-to-Face and...
RUNNING HEAD: AN INSTRUCTIONAL COMPARISON BETWEEN
An Instructional Comparison between Face–to–Face and On–line Learning
By: Lori Ann Long
East Carolina University
May 3, 2009
ABSTRACT
In this study we will investigate and compare two types of course sections. One section will be
online and the other will be face–to–face. The investigators will analyze gender, age and learning
styles. These groups will be evaluated on how effective they were in completing the tasks of the
course. The two sections will be taught in the same semester and use the same instructional material.
In this paper, the investigators determined that there were no significant differences in test scores, ...
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From these research questions several hypotheses have aspired answers:
Between these two groups, no significant difference is perceived in the effectiveness of these
instructional learning styles.
There are no significant differences between the styles of instructional learning in the competencies
of this course to either group. There are no differences between the test scores and final grades for
either group.
There is no difference between the effectiveness that was perceived from the courses from either
group.
Student Selection The study selections for students were open to different ages and gender. The
course outline was the same FTF as for the OL course. The demographics for these groups show that
the students registered for the OL classes were a little older than the students registered in the FTF
class (Diaz & Cartnal, 1999). Each group would be given the same instructional course outline, test,
and final project. A variable that might affect this study is whether a student selects an OL course
over an FTF course due to their experience with technology. The demographics for this group ranges
with experience with technology are as followed:
Demographic
Face–to–Face
Online
Employed
92%

97%
Employed more than 10 years
41%
46%
Male/Female ratio
60/40
20/80
Nontraditional (>22 years)
60%
73% Methodology of the Study Each group was given a pre–course
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Marketing Analysis : The American Marketing Association
When we all think of marketing most may think of marketing as a company soliciting a product or
trying to sell something with different types of sales pitches.
The American Marketing Association denotes the definition of marketing as:
Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering,
and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large.
(Gundlach, G. T., & Wilkie, W. L. (2009) p.260) .
This definition that the AMA published in 2007, was renewed from the previous definition of
marketing that was last published in 2004 (Gundlach, G. T., & Wilkie, W. L. (2009) p.259) . The
reason why I pointed the difference in the years is because that in a matter of three years the
definition of marketing has changed. The world we live in changes daily, so does everything else. In
the text, the author states that the definition of sports marketing is defined as the marketing of
products, services and experiences, entities such as leagues and teams, and the recruitment and
retention of volunteers as a relationship marketing exercise (Masteralexis, L. P., Barr, C. A., &
Hums, M. A. (2015) p.50–51).
Traditional and Sports marketing both have the common theme of marketing, but both are different
in the audience that is being marketed to, the demand the sports platform has, and the amount of
revenue that respectively sets them apart from the two. The targets groups that are associated with
sports

Recruitment And Retention Of Nontraditional Students
Recruitment and Retention of Nontraditional Students
The reality for career technical educators with regard to broadening representation of both men and
women in nontraditional careers is that there needs to be a creative recruitment strategy designed
that utilizes the enthusiasm and talents of successful role models (Lucci Jr., W., 2007). Effective
recruitment and teaching practices can help educators create learning situations that are conducive
for all students to learn, especially those nontraditional students in career clusters. Suggestions for
recruiting nontraditional students include creating career–technical programs to reach all students,
presenting career clusters in a way that shows how career pathways can align with interests, giving
students multiple opportunities to explore both traditional and nontraditional careers. Educators
should market career–technical programs to reach all students, making a concerted effort to attract
nontraditional students through the use of photos and graphics that show both genders and various
races in careers at the technical and professional levels (Clark, P., & Ohio State Univ., C. y., 2000).
In recruiting nontraditional students, intentionality and good planning are important. Unfortunately,
lingering stereotypes often make the first step of signing up for a class in a nontraditional area
difficult. Strategies which are effective are those that understand and consider the target audience,
provide information in a way in which

Culture, Race, and Gender in Sports Essay
Culture, Race, and Gender in Sports When a person of a specific gender enters a non–traditional
sport for their gender/sex, many social and moral issues will arise challenging that person involved
in that particular sport. The intentions of the individual will be questioned as well as their personal
interest in the sport. Before any of these questions are asked, there must be a redefinition of gender
roles, femininity, and masculinity. In order for a person to enter a non–traditional sport for their
gender/sex without being criticize about gender morality, society must set flexible definitions for
femininity and masculinity. Society must begin to accept the variety of sports both men and women
can compete in regardless of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through the movies viewed in this course this semester, we saw women who were able to play
against men and still keep their femininity. Nothing is lost when playing sports not traditionally
meant for a particular race or gender. Society must become more understanding when it comes to
the sports different types of people play and hinder from stereotyping anyone when they participate
and perform well in that sport. When women decide to participate in sports traditionally for men
such as bodybuilding, they risk the chance of being socially stereotyped as lesbians, or simply
viewed as "less feminine" then say women figure skaters. For example, Venus Williams is seen as
criticized for being very masculine in build and judged on that by her performance. The media has
commented on how well she plays, and has compared her to men in her sport. She receives fewer
endorsements than many other tennis players do because of her looks (but mainly due to her race).
Men place themselves in the same situation when they chose to perform/participate in traditional
female sports like field hockey, socially stereotyped as gay or less masculine than hockey players.
There has been a change in the way certain gender sports were viewed when women/men attempted
to challenge the boundaries. Gymnastics for example began as an all–male sport. It was believed
that women did not have the build nor strength to compete in this sport. In 1928 were women
allowed to compete in the Olympics in

Womens Studies
Women's Studies Women's studies focus on the roles, experiences, and achievements of women in
society. In result of the lack of sports media coverage, we as people, and sports fans miss out on the
achievements and experiences that these sports women live through. The goals that are achieved by
these women are something that that should be seen throughout society as something that kids, and
parents alike are able to connect to. There have been a variety of studies done to try and pin point
what methods contribute to the construction of women's sport. What scholars have been able to find
is that multiple reasons can be attributed to the lack of sports media pertained to females, such as,
"Low volume of media attention, narrative focus, prominence of placement or scheduling, linguistic
choices and visual representation." (Sherry, Osbourne & Nicholson, 2015). As consequence of
women not being bale to have their own media outlets dedicated to just women so sportswomen
have to rely on coverage in fractional outlets such as newspaper articles or radio stations. Whether it
be sports media, or mass media as a whole, can help shape the audience opinions, and determine
what and how information could be shared. Mass media has the power in which reflects and creates
the culture in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The word "sex–appropriate" portrays many people's ideals on what is feminine, and what is
masculine, further more in the world of sports the thought of something being "sex–appropriate" has
a major impact on the way media recognizes women's sports and how they choose to cover them. As
people were more inclined to watch something that was depicted as feminine, such as figure skating
because it is seen as elegant and

Issues Concerning Adult Students Today
This literature review investigates and outlines issues concerning adult students today. Institutions of
higher education need to design and adapt their programs to attract and engage this growing
population of students to meet their needs and insure their success. This paper will defines who adult
students are, discusses and outline the specific needs they have in higher education programs and
discusses the barriers they currently encounter. In addition, there will be discussion about best
practices to consider, those currently in operation and future concerns for both students and
universities. For clarification going forward, I will use the terms non–traditional student, adult
student, adult learner, non–residential student and nontraditional learner interchangeably. The
growth of the adult student population in higher education requires programs that address and
support their specific needs.
In January 2012, I returned to JMU after leaving in May of 1982. I began to attend classes on
campus in fall 2012. In one of my classes, my professor continually stressed how important it was to
engage in the campus community and involved in campus organizations. He really stressed that
employers like to see this quality when interviewing candidates. Of course, I began to become
concerned because I was not able to do this. My commute from Waynesboro was 35 minutes away
and I did not have access to the campus except when I was there for classes. Another professor

Sekaran & Bougie Research Process
A Comparative Assessment of an Journal Article in regards to the Sekaran & Bougie Research
Process Figure 1 – Sekaran & Bougie Research Process Abstract The analysis will represent a
comparative assessment of an article that appeared in the Journal of Sports Media, Volume 3,
Number 1, Spring 2008 entitled "Interactive Media and Sports Journalists: The Impact of Interactive
Media on Sports Journalists" (Wigley & Meirick, 2008). This analysis will focus on the first two
steps of the eleven step research process outline by Sekaran & Bougie (Sekaran & Bougie, 2010).
These steps involve observation and the preliminary data gathering. Therefore, this analysis will
focus mainly on the introductory information and the literature review that the analyzed study
outlines in the article. Introduction In regards to conducting research for use in business, much of
the research is geared toward ultimately being used as the basis for decision making. Therefore it is
vital that the research follows a purely rational process to eliminate as much subjectivity as possible
in order to obtain the most effective results. The first step in the research process begins with
observation (Sekaran & Bougie, 2010). Observation is the step in which a significant amount of
creativity can be used to identify potential research problems or gaps in the current body of
literature. This phase is comparatively loosely defined because the observations can be made in a
variety of ways and from

Non-Traditional Students Essay example
With today's changing world and the economy the way it is, it is not uncommon for people of all
ages to enter the college setting. In fact, two–thirds of students entering the college setting are
classified non–traditional (Brown, 2007). Bill (2003) found that there was an 11% increase of non–
traditional student enrollment from 1991–1998 displaying 35% in 91 and 46% in 1998. These
numbers have since increased according to Jacobson & Harris (2008) showing that half to 75% of
undergraduates consist of the non–traditional student sitting the reasons for reentering the college
setting to be economic. What exactly defines a non–traditional student and what services may they
need in comparison to the traditional student. According to ... Show more content on
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Non–traditional students need services that aid them with their self–confidence. The non–traditional
student may need added encouragement from the counselor that the choice that has been made suits
his career options. He may need assurance that he correctly using the internet to research
occupations of interest. The traditional student on the other hand may find it beneficial to be a part
of peer counseling programs or internships.
Question # 2 Career Counseling can be beneficial to everyone that seeks employment. However,
when seeking advice and assistance on something as important as a career, people should know the
credentials of the counselor. Many individuals that pursue career counseling follow a variety of code
of ethics and ethical guidelines according to Brown (2007). With this being said, it is important that
career counseling practice should be regulated.
According to Porter, Gildon, & Zgliczynski (2000), people claiming to be counselors is a serious
problem in the state of California because no formal standards are set for appropriate licensure
except for that of a marriage counselor. This lack of standards and credentials causes many problems
for those seeking advice and assistance with a particular problem. More importantly, the public is
not protected even if they take a case to court and the "counselor" is found guilty. What is to be
taken away? He can continue to practice because he does not have a certificate to begin with. Lreh

Financial Constraints of Want Beverages
Contents Executive Summary 3 Key Decision 4 Problems/Opportunity 4 Stakeholder 4 Decision
Criteria 5 Internal Analysis 5 Strengths 5 Weaknesses 6 Current Financial Position 6 Current
Marketing Strategy 7 Current Marketing Mix 7 External Analysis: 8 Opportunities: 8 Threats: 8
Consumer Behavious: 8 Competitor Analysis 9 Alternative Marketing Strategies 9 Recommendation
10 Implementation Plan: 10 Target Market 10 Positioning 11 Marketing Mix 11 Product 11 Price 12
Place 12 Promotion 13 Expected Results 13 Appendices 14 Appendix A: 14 Appendix B: 15
Executive Summary Want Beverages is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This could prove to be an underlying downfall because if Want ultimately fails after concentrating
their effort for growth, the Moffats could suffer with two unstable businesses.
Decision Criteria 1. Increasing sales to a level that ensures long–term success 2. Maintaining
flexible production capacity and inventory levels 3. Increasing brand awareness among target
market 4. Stay aligned with goals of corporate social responsibility
Internal Analysis:
Strengths
Want successfully differentiates itself from its competitors through features such as taste, design,
and packaging. Want's relationship with its bottle manufacturer is an intangible benefit. They
provide Want with the opportunity to produce low volume quantities, given their current cash flow
situation, and allow flexible scheduling resulting in shorter lead time. Want has built a socially
responsible image by its charitable donations to action sports in local communities; an activity that
no other energy drink competitors offer. Another strength is the Moffats experience with their target
market and background in marketing and distribution, which was developed through their business
with Spellbound. This advantage has helped their product gain access to markets across Canada and

The Expanding Environment for Non Traditional Students
Non Traditional Students
According to current estimates approximately 75 percent of college students are now nontraditional
students – older than 25, attending school part time, and having delayed entry or reentry into college
for a variety of personal reasons. Post secondary education is needed by such students to develop
their careers and to acquire knowledge and skills required by a constantly changing global society.
This trend is not restricted to North America; it is a worldwide phenomenon.
Over the years, these nontraditionals have chosen either slower or faster options to proceed through
their chosen curricula. They could work incrementally, taking a few courses per year while taking
advantage of workplace tuition reimbursement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, teachers must reach goals using diverse methods and techniques which engage the student and
make the learning process interesting. Though methods vary, a problem or task centered approach is
generally considered superior to a subject matter approach. Students and professors may work
together to co–create knowledge. Work in teams is an often used strategy because it replicates the
experiences of nontraditional students in the workplace. Additionally, teachers work to reduce time
and place restrictions for the nontraditional student that would limit that person's access to course
materials and assignments; asynchronous online options easily break down such barriers.
Furthermore, flexible access to student services has become more common over time. Clearer and
more accessible information now exists on institutions and the specific programs needed for
planning degrees and careers. Programs for nontraditional learners provide orientation workshops to
reacquaint applicants with the rigors of college level study, and to reduce anxiety about reentry after
a prolonged period of time. Some of these programs offer remedial classes to help the student re–
learn or improve study skills. The availability of financial aid information has improved greatly over
time.
Critics contend that the influx of nontraditionals into the college student market has accelerated a
trend toward

Explain Why Video Games Should Not Be Considered A Sport
The world of sports is ever–changing, and so is what we consider to be called a sport. They rising
number of video gamers rivals the number of traditional athletes. This leads to the question; should
video games be considered a sport? Initially most people would argue no; video games should not
be considered a sport. Yet while video games are not traditionally sports, they should be considered
a sport of some aspect. Both traditional sports and video games have positive aspects similar to each
other, when used with the proper moderations. When used for twenty to thirty minuets a day, video
games can improve aspects of the brain that are used in daily life. More traditional and physical
sports also enhance aspects of life. Both video games and physical sports can enhance a player's
social life in different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many video games have aspects that teach gamers about math, spelling, managing resources,
understanding world problems, as well as learning about animals and countries. Based on some
scientific research, some games are also a way to mitigate the effects of dyslexia. Both video games
and physical sports assist their players in problem–solving and decision–making skills. Role–play
games are a major genre of video game that improves these skills. In both versions of games, online
and physical, players must make difficult decisions based on complex problems. Both traditional
sports and on line games also require spatial differentiation. Games as simple as Tetris, Portal and
Minecraft, all require the player to have a concept of spatial laws, as well as creativity. In traditional
sports the player is required to memorize rules, and plays. In online gaming, Player memorize the
laws of the game, the attack patterns of their opponents, as well as how to avoid dangers and

Talladega College Case Study
Chapter 3 – Description of the Intervention
The traditional and non–traditional students go through different obstacles when deciding on what
degree courses they feel the is the most suitable for them. The traditional students at Talladega
College have the options of taking more courses on campus and to physically interact with their
teachers for quick and easy insight and feedback than the non–traditional student. Traditional
students also have access to more degree programs and fewer chances of going through a rough
process when obtaining Master's degree after their undergraduate studies. The non–traditional
students at Talladega College can apply for some but not all degrees. All non–traditional students are
also required to take all classes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This project is to be utilized in the manner of recruitment for the upcoming years and to help
motivate the continuance of the current students who are looking to seek more from the institution
of Talladega College. This assignment will also use outside sources to relate to the issues at hand.
The sources that are used will help to give an outlook on what the problems consist of and how to
resolve them. To get the solutions that are needed for the increase of the non–traditional student
satisfaction, the need for a better relationship between the faculty and the student must be addressed
as an objective for recruitment and continuance. The need for improvements with communication
between faculty and non–traditional students can be a factor to having a decrease of student
satisfaction with the Fast Track Department. To get answers and statements from some non–
traditional students, a survey "What do you Think?", administered by Brittney St. Ann, sought to
find information about how students felt about their situations and experiences when dealing with
the Fast Track

The Norm And Single Sex Sports
Recreating the 'Norm ' in Single–sex Sports
When investigating the costs and benefits of an individual competing in a sport considered non–
traditional for their gender, we must first answer the question of what makes the single–sex status of
these sports so important. We know that much controversy often surrounds the assimilation of a
certain gender into a sport not traditionally considered their own, but we might forget to ask why
this is the case to begin with.
First, it is important to acknowledge that the answer to this question will most likely vary a bit
between genders. For men, I believe much of the drive to keep certain sports single–sex, stems from
a dominance/power struggle. Most of the "male" sports mentioned focus mainly on pure strength,
and in the case of boxing, agility. The idea that a woman can excel, or even surpass her male
counterpart, in a sport relying so heavily on muscular prowess, seems to me like an issue that could
be fundamentally threatening. When I mention power struggle, it 's mostly in reference to a struggle
for dominance, but I believe that many of the men who look down upon women who enter sports
primarily relying on physical strength, may feel threatened in both respects. On the opposite end of
the spectrum, much of what might drive them away from traditionally female sports, is the fact these
sports are often considered too 'feminine ' to justify male participation. It 's almost as though the
'masculine ' element of a sport

Non Traditional Vs Traditional Learners
Non–Traditional vs Traditional Learners – A Look at Statistics and Outcomes
Historically, the quintessential college student leaves home at the age of 18 to live on a college
campus for four years. These students have long been labeled as 'Traditional' college students with
the learning category outliers such as Adult, Online, Part Time, and those working Full Time while
earning a degree being considered Non–Traditional and a minority amongst students. However, the
learning demographic across the United States is shifting, and our 'Traditional' learners have become
a minority. According to the Department of Education, in 2011 there were 17.6 million
undergraduates enrolled in American Higher Learning. However, just fifteen percent of ... Show
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Students with one or fewer characteristics are minimally traditional, two to three characteristics are
moderately traditional, and having four or more characteristics define highly Non–Traditional
students. (Hoyt, Howell, Young & Wygant 2010)
For highly Non–Traditional learners there are several factors that can negatively impact their lives.
Lack of time, including child rearing and full time work that limits time and opportunity is often
cited as a major constraint. Additionally, highly Non–Traditional learners are significantly less
active in campus activities and are less involved in the the general college experience. Hoyt, Howell,
Young & Wygant's 2010 study found that Non–Traditional students were "Less likely than
traditional students to participate in other academically related activities such as organized off–
campus study opportunities (10% versus 17% ) and forums, seminars, galleries, and recitals related
to their major (49% versus 56%)."
Student involvement on campus is viewed by higher education institutions as an important metric in
predicting academic achievement. While GPA does not assess specific learning outcomes, it can be
used as a factor to assess academic success. A study at Purdue University found that students who
are involved in student organizations having statistically higher GPAs than the general student body
(Hawkins 2010). However, this trend does not fit the findings for Non–Traditional

The Gender of Sports Essay
The Gender of Sports
What are the social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a non–
traditional sport for their gender/sex (e.g. women enter body building, power lifting, boxing; men
enter synchronized swimming or field hockey)?
In today's society, particularly in the United States, an individual entering a non–traditional sport for
his/her gender takes on many tasks besides playing the sport, the individual also takes on the
criticism (good or bad) of people who play the sport and those who watch it too. There are many
social and cultural costs as well as benefits, but to what extent mostly depends on the sport and the
sex of the player.
The biggest thing that creates a social and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So even before the league started, someone felt that he/she had to prove that not all aggressive
female athletes are gay. It's funny, but in a sad way, that women have to prove their sexual identity,
but the men's are never questioned.
The social and cultural costs of this intermingling of sexes starts with the genders that are tied to
each sport, which then puts the individual's sexuality at question. If a woman enters a "male" sport
she will be considered a lesbian and if a male entered a "woman" sport then he would be tagged with
a gay identity. The player now has two jobs, succeed at the game and prove their sexuality, just like
what the commercials were doing for the WNBA, proving the maternity of the players. Also, if an
individual is of a different race or social class, then people tend to attack that side of the person. For
example, some might say that the only reason why a person is good is because of their color or the
only reason why someone has the opportunity is because he/she came from a wealthy background.
Many people in today's society will find anything about someone to attack them and prove that what
that individual is doing is wrong and bad for society and/or for the sport and apply labels to them.
These labels lead to harassment and when it is not dealt with appropriately it can contribute to many
social crises'. It may interfere with and affect an individual's physical and emotional health, which
will lead

Men, Women and Gender Boundaries in Sports Essay
Men, Women and Gender Boundaries in Sports
Today, we are seeing many changes in regard to gender and its place in the athletic world. More than
ever, men and women are crossing "gender boundaries" and entering a non–traditional sport for their
sex. Of course this boundary crossing is significant culturally and socially as it challenges
conventional view of male and female characteristics and roles. When altering a customary view of
gender in a society, there are both costs and benefits to that society. This paper will discuss the costs
and benefits to a traditionally male–centered culture when women and men cross gender lines in
sport, and provide examples of different sports in which gender lines are being erased.
Allowing men ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prejudice in any form cannot afford to exist in the international community if we all hope to live
together in peace and progress. Women play an important role in this community, including the
world of sports. Females need to be taken seriously in athletics if they are to be taken seriously at
all. To say that a female cannot play sports is to imply that she is weaker than a male, and thus her
worth and credibility are tarnished. Boxing, for example, is a traditional male sport that women were
not encouraged to participate in until fairly recently. However, women such as Laila Ali and Jacqui
Frazier demonstrate that women can not only be good boxers, but champion boxers. Also,
bodybuilding is a traditional male sport in which women have been participating. Andrea Silva–
Izard and Laura Binetti are two currently well–known body builders. Even another "male" sport into
which women have made an entrance is racecar driving. Sarah Fisher and Allison Duncan are two
well–known drivers.
Yet, allowing women into "male" sports only solves half the problem of gender equality. Men must
be allowed to participate in sports traditionally seen as female orientated. Although I tried to
research men who might be competing in "female" sports such as field hockey and synchronized
swimming, I was only able to find information on the United States Men's

The Effects Of Stress On Physical Health
Psychological stress is pressure placed on a person to adapt, cope, or adjust to a situation (Rathus,
2016, p.284). The result of prolonged stress can affect a person's mood, pleasure experience, and
have harmful effects on physical health (Rathus, 2016, p.284). Society in the twenty first century
places high demands on people. Technology makes it very difficult to separate work life, school life,
and home life. Today, society places a high value on a busy lifestyle for individuals. For example,
many places of business are open twenty–four hours a day. In addition to societal pressures,
attending a university adds to the stressors a person may experience. Going to school not only
includes classroom time but it also includes homework, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nontraditional student numbers continue to rise on college campuses and few institutions meet the
mental health needs for this special group of students (Carney–Crompton & Tan, 2002). It is the
purpose of this study to examine both the stressors (i.e. triggers of the stress response) and perceived
stress levels between traditional and nontraditional students. General Student Population College
students are a unique population of people who have a variety of different stressors than people who
do not attend college (Holinka, 2015). Post–secondary education is a stressful time for both
traditional and nontraditional students (Yarbrough & Schaffer, 1990). Regardless of student status
whether it may be traditional, nontraditional, freshman– senior, all students experience stress at one
time or another. Trenz, Ecklund–Flores, and Rapoza (2015), illustrate those traditional and
nontraditional students both face life stress, anxiety, and depression but manage stress, anxiety–
provoking events, and negative situations quite differently. Navigating through a new chapter in life
increases the amount of stress on an individual. Interestingly, research shows that traditional and
nontraditional student sample score similarly when tested on their emotional satisfaction with their
support system–suggesting that differences in support are unlikely to explain differences in stress
levels between these two groups (Carney–Crompton & Tan, 2002). Numerous factors contribute to

Playing Video Games Is Not Only For Kids Anymore
Training up to 50 hours every week with your team in order to make it to the big leagues, competing
against other teams for fame, glory, money, and a chance to join one of the professional teams. Does
not sound like an especially rare scenario, but what if I told you I was talking about video game
players? That is right. Playing video games is not only for kids anymore. During the last decade
eSports (professional online gaming) have grown to an unexpected extent. Professional players go
through intense non–stop training every week to keep up with other teams. Call of Duty, Dota2,
League of Legends, these are only a few examples of the most popular games. Being a professional
player is very time consuming and requires a lot of dedication. ... Show more content on
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I have been gaming for years and tried to go professional in more than one occasion. However, I
lacked the support to achieve so: my family never saw it as a career path that I could follow in order
to have what they considered a successful life, and school was a big impediment that did not provide
me with any help either. I know how it feels to try to go professional but not being able to only
because I didn't have the resources to even try.
First, let's talk about how professional gamers spend their day. "The players on Team Liquid, a
professional League of Legends team, practice for a minimum of 40 hours per week and most play
the game far more," (Jacobs) stated Harrison Jacobs in his article "Here 's the insane training
schedule of a 20–something professional gamer." Harrison followed one of the most popular League
of Legends teams through 2015's tournament season. They do not have breaks. Even "free days"
involve playing and discussing strategies. Practicing is a constant effort to avoid falling behind the
other teams and master the changes the game offers every couple of weeks. It is not simply playing
games, it is about mastering something you love. This requires

Personal Responsibilty as It Relates to Academic Success...
Personal Responsibility as it Relates to Academic Success
Personal Responsibility as it Relates to Academic Success
There are different ways to improve areas of personal responsibility that can improve academic
success. Having a positive sense of responsibility with good moral structure and high value on
responsibility will increase your chance of academic success. A Study of Non–Traditional and
Traditional Students in Terms of their Time Management Behaviors, Stress Factors, and Coping
Strategies is a great study on the difference between traditional and non–traditional students. The
authors focus on the different stressors that are related to non–traditional and traditional students,
primarily focusing on the demands of work, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The power of time management skills as a predictor of Personal Success suggests its importance in
the wider domain of life success" (George, Stansal, Gelb, & Pheri, 2008). Maintaining a good
balance between work, family, and school, is crucial in one's ongoing career as a full–time student.
Physical and mental health are very important in maintaining a positive and forward thinking
outlook. As noted by George, Stansal, Gelb, and Pheri (2008), "health–related variables (healthy
diet, quality of overall health) played a surprisingly powerful role as predictors of success" (pg.
714). Maintaining your health and mental wellbeing can be beneficial at keeping stress at bay. In
several studies, stress emerged as an important variable with relationships to grade point average
(GPA) and intent to persist along with goal commitment. College students with lower levels of
academic stress and more satisfaction with their academic experiences also manage their time well
(P., Newbold, & Mehta, 2011). Maintaining good sleep patterns can help keep students alert
when working on schoolwork. Staying healthy can help with stress management, which in turn, can
help with family life and make things at home easier and less stressful. With less stress at home,
education goals are easier to accomplish.
Financial responsibility plays another important

The Importance Of Gender Roles
In short terms, gender roles essentially are social expectations that prescribe how both genders are
supposed to act, think, speak and engage with other individuals. Gender roles impact the way
families function whether it's traditional or non–traditional. As said by Wienclaw (2015), even
though the 21st–century has shown a continuous change in the way gender roles apply, some basic
traditional gender roles are still active in a lot of families. To elaborate, the basic traditional roles for
males are dominant, aggressive, strong, speedy and successful. The basic traditional roles for
females are sensitive, submissive, emotional and intuitive. Every generation has their own
expectations as to how each gender should act, but today's society is more open–minded than those
in the past. Gender–roles are common, mainly because of socialization which starts right after birth.
During the adolescent stage, children conform to gender roles that rest on their biological sex.
According to my family, all of them followed the traditional gender roles but later in life, some of
their roles shifted to non–traditional.
Jeff (the father), was born in the 1950s. During World War 2, the women were working while the
men were overseas. White (2003), clarifies the 1950s was the end of World War 2 in which the
military fathers came back home to build a family. The change occurred as women were forced to
leave the workforce and were expected to marry, have kids, while they took care of their

Women and Sports Essay
Women and Sports
As it becomes increasingly acceptable for women to be athletic in American culture, a new question
arises: in which sports should women be allowed to participate? From a physiological standpoint, it
has been scientifically proven that female bodies do not differ significantly enough from male
bodies to prevent them from participation in any "male" sports. This division between "male" and
"female" sports clearly stems from age–old, socially constructed norms of femininity and
masculinity. When women attempt to challenge these societal molds by participating in sports that
are traditionally male, the intricate web of norms is disrupted. Like many other instances where
traditional social constructions are tinkered with, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women are expected to be more passive than their male counterparts. When a woman participates in
sport, she challenges many aspects of the gender role that has been defined for her. First, she is
taking time away from her family to do an activity that is outside the home. Second, in sport, she is
behaving in a more aggressive and competitive manner, which contradicts the meek feminine mold
to which she is supposed to adhere. Furthermore, when women compete in public, suddenly the
lines begin to blur. Men no longer have the monopoly over the role of "universal breadwinner."
Challenging these socially constructed lines works as a catalyst for social change. All women
athletes, both in traditional and non–traditional sports, play a pivotal role in instigating this change.
Female bodies were traditionally expected to be small, slender, soft, and pretty, while male bodies
were supposed to be muscular, large, solid, and handsome. Sports such as gymnastics and figure
skating allow and almost require that women maintain such "feminine" physical qualities. Athletes
competing in sports such as power lifting and rowing are encouraged to increase muscle mass at a
rapid rate thereby acquiring a physical stature that society deems "masculine." Furthermore, while
technique is essential to these sports, there is a significant emphasis on brute strength. Brute strength
contradicts the passive femininity that is expected of women.
Women's participation in

Sex Tests And Gender Policies Essay
Dominant groups in society often set up normative ideas about bodies, genders and sexualities in
order to preserve the societal hierarchy that greatly benefits them. White, cisgender, heterosexual
males are often at the top of this hierarchy and are the active perpetrators of their imposed rigid
standards. Categories are created by these dominant groups to exercise their control and those who
do not fit or refuse to categorize themselves are punished, either metaphorically or literally. In the
sports realm, these norms are ubiquitous. However, in this paper, I argue that sports can both uphold
and challenge these normative ideas about bodies, genders, and sexualities through normalized
practices it normalizes that are considered to be different from the outside world. Sex–tests and
gender policies in sports competitions uphold the idea that there is a biological difference in genders
and rigidly implement the gender–binary. On the other hand, the practice of contact sports and the
use of locker rooms as a voyeuristic experience challenge normative ideas about bodies, genders and
sexualities. These practices are standard in the sphere of sports a Sex–tests carried out in sports
competitions and the Olympics preserve the socially constructed gender binary and the policing of
non–confirming gender identities and bodies. Historically, sex–tests in the Olympics first manifested
in Ancient Greece where male athletes had to compete naked in order to demonstrate that they were

Gender Barriers inside Sports Essay
Gender Barriers inside Sports
Throughout the history of sports, there has always been a gender barrier. There are certain sports
that are aimed towards females and others that are directed towards males. When men or women
enter a non–traditional sport for their gender, it is not widely accepted. However, there are those few
athletes that pave the way for the rest and eventually our society will change and accept the new
ideas in sports. Some people will always make judgments about the athletes who cross that gender
barrier. At the same time there are others who will respect and look up to these athletes as role
models who they will someday follow.
In the movie Pumping Iron II, women bodybuilders are faced with judgments about their ... Show
Many young boys are faced with this thought every day, because they are males participating in
non–traditional sports for their gender. Just as society does not agree with women in men's sports, it
does not look highly upon men taking part in women's sports either. In the article, Stereotypes Are
Often Overrated, a young boy named Daniel Hile who is a sophomore in high school had always
wanted to join ballet, but never did. Instead, he picked Tae Kwon Do and weightlifting, which are
considered to be more masculine sports. He says that ballet is not accepted in his close–minded and
conservative hometown and they stereotype male ballet dancers as being homosexuals
(Stereotypes). Another ballet dancer named Julio Bragado–Young who is 20 years old, says that he
was always teased in school, because of his love for dance. "Jocks would call me fag, sissy, pansy
and stuff"(Stereotypes).
Bill May, a 21 year old from Cicero, NY, has always wanted to compete in the Olympics for
synchronized swimming. However, it has always been strictly limited to females only. Fortunately,
on September 14, 2000, FINA (Federation Internationale de Natacion Amateur) approved men's
synchronized swimming events in the Olympics (Newberry). May was happy, because his hard
work paid off. Throughout his life he has ignored the many comments that have compared him to
Martin Short and concentrated on his goal. Short performed a skit on SNL in the 80's that depicted a
very

Nontraditional Group Proposal
to the counseling group. If possible, I could ask the student resource center or the nontraditional
student resource center on campus to also send out an email regarding the group.
Screening
Because the method of getting the word out to students about the group might bring in a lot of
students, I foresee a huge need to screen the participants. In talking to potential group members, I
would want to know a few things before I approve them to be a part of the group. First, I would like
to know the characteristics they believe they have that make them nontraditional. Students might not
be sure of the exact definition of nontraditional and therefore might not be a fit for the group.
Secondly, I would want to know if they would be able to make ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
During the transition stage, I expect to experience various aspects stemming from storming–the
"awkwardness about being in strange situation" (Gladding, 2016). What I expect to experience will
be described below.
Quiet storming. Because of the topic of the group, I expect members to be able to relate to each
other's experiences quite easily. However, in this stage, I am expecting there to be periods of quiet
storming–where members will avoid engaging in the conversation. There might be a conflict within
them between how much they wish to share. When I see members exhibiting this type of behavior in
the group, I will mention that they have been quiet for a while and ask them if they wish to share.
Resistance. If members express resistance and are not ready to share about certain topics at this
moment, I will let them know that it is okay and that we can come back to it another time. Because
the group will still be getting acquainted with one another, I do not want to push any members to
share things that they are not yet ready to share. I want to continue to build the group members' trust
in me, and I feel that probing too much during this stage can harm

Media Representation Of Women 's Sports
When men engage in sports, it is seen and interpreted as an opportunity for them to exhibit
dominance in the masculinity and as an expression of heterosexuality. When women have
traditionally engaged in sports, it has caused commentators to question one's heterosexuality, to
question their femininity, and to almost ridicule the idea of women engaging in a traditionally male–
dominated activity. This analysis focuses on media representations of men and women in sports, and
the differences that exist in the way that these stories are covered. This exploration will feature
Canadian–based media coverage as it pertains to women and men engaged in hockey.
This analysis shows a changing in the guard of how women's sports are being covered. The
increasing feminism movement in sports with icons such as former MMA UFC fighter Ronda
Rousey leading the way in combination with an increasing in feminine issues being covered by the
media has meant a change in the way women's sports are featured. Though gender still has a major
influence over the coverage of women's hockey and a traditional heteronormative gender role is
communicated at several points of these pieces, the conversation has moved away from being an
exposition on the strangeness of women's engaging in a men's sports to becoming a celebration of
women in sports. What this encouragement does communicate however is the ability of these
women to leave behind stereotypically heteronormative feminine traits and take on the masculine

Men and Women in Non-Traditional Sports Essay
Men and Women in Non–Traditional Sports
The benefits of an individual entering a non–traditional sport for his or her sex can be huge – but
they are usually greater for society in general than for the athlete him/herself. Being the first person
to break into a non–traditional sport would obviously be trying on the athlete, who would have to
face the questioning and criticisms of media, fans, and even their fellow athletes. But one athlete's
determination and persistence can open up a whole new world to both athletes and spectators.
In the early 1900s, women did not participate much in figure skating competitions, partly because of
the fact that they had to wear long, movement–hindering skirts. But some women did fight to ...
When males began to participate, the routines took on a different look – more like what one would
see in a pairs' figure skating or ice dancing competition. Some people feel that having both sexes
participate in the sport make it more athletic, whereas all female synchronized swimming had the
reputation of being too "showy."
So clearly, the biggest benefit of individuals entering into non–traditional sports for their gender
occurs when they successfully open the sport up to other people of their gender. On the other hand,
however, an individual entering a non–traditional sport most likely will be forced to deal with some
resistance and some difficult issues to resolve.
For example, as we saw in the film "Girl Fight," one obvious problem with the girl attempting to
train to box was the lack of resources for her. She could not share the locker room with the boys, and
had to make do with a run–down storage closet instead. Another problem that is brought up when
individuals participate in non–traditional sports for their sexes is about how the game is actually
played. For example, if a female were to play ice hockey on a team of boys, would she be treated as
an equal in the game? Would the boys be willing to hit and check her like they would do to the boys
in the game? Or would they be extra hard on her and take advantage of the fact that she was playing
in the game to try to score more goals? Achieving a level of total equality is a

Essay on Women in Sports
Women in Sports
Challenges appear to be part of the human experience. In the course of history, very little has come
easily. The progress that women have made in sport in the United States over the course of the last
100 years seems remarkable for the amount achieved in so little time. In relation to the other
advances made in this century, including men's sport, that achievement dims. While women have
made great advances, they haven't, in comparison, come that far. It would appear, from the outside,
that men's sport will forever have all of the advantages, all of the rewards, all of the prestige, while
women's sport is left to perpetual inequality.
Yet, not only are there sports that are considered "non–traditional" for both ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
When a women tries to participate in a non–traditional sport, even without the support of her family,
she has an entire historical movement backing up her desires. Very often there is even recent
legislation, and formal organizations supporting that legislation (if not responsible for it), to provide
an even greater support system for a girl who is challenging the gender norms defined in sport.
However, boys rarely find this kind of support. It is virtually non–existent and unlikely to become
so. While the participants of the "women's" sport they are entering may welcome them with open
arms, the reaction from the rest of society is historically overwhelmingly negative. Especially in the
United States, boys who chose to play sports other than their "traditional" ones often face
humiliating comments. As with even minimally "masculine" women, their sexual orientation is
automatically questioned. Very often further insults and humiliations are heaped on any boy
attempting to enter a girls' sport because of some of the rules existent there. For example, should a
boy win the right to play field hockey on girls' team in a high school, he would soon find himself
wearing a skirt on the field in order to comply with the rules of the sport. Many feminists might
view this as the just desserts of a gender that has historically controlled and dominated the power
structure and the rewards of sport in general.
The cultural and social costs of this situation are varied and

The Sports And Physical Activities Among Women
In today's day and age, males are known to be the strong, athletic, and independent type of people,
whereas females are known to be more of the obedient, quite, attractive side and the nurturers.
Society expects males and females to adopt, and fulfill these specific gender stereotypes and roles
that have been established over time. Whenever these gender norms are violated, it is common for
labels to be given out such as, strong females being called lesbians, or butch automatically assuming
they are manly with no intentions of liking makeup or enjoying to dress up. Traditional gender
stereotypes and discrimination has remained consistent over the past centuries; and have been
confronted and challenged by women and feminists all around the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
People are bombarded with gender stereotypes and discrimination from the moment they were born.
Once a newborn's sex is revealed, they are immediately dressed in in either pink or blue, given gifts
of trucks and cars or dolls depending on their gender, and referred to as strong or delicate. These
types of actions are only the first of many gender stereotypes an individual will encounter
throughout their lifetime. Females are held accountable for being weak or feminine, where as males
are expected to demonstrate certain behaviors and characteristics that are masculine.
Traditionally, the female population has always been expected to do the cooking and cleaning, wear
dresses, raise the children, maintain a perfect body and still remain pure. Women are known to be
weaker then men, physically, mentally, and emotionally. Beginning at an early age, female's
participation in athletics would have smaller numbers, with less intensity, and for shorter time spans
than males. The female athlete is not only expected to be masculine, but she may place her feminism
in jeopardy by others in society (Marsh, 1986). Females are expected to live up to these specific
gender roles that are held by both men and women in society. The expectations of feminism often
result in women being guided away from sweating, aggressiveness, lifting weights, or competing in
sports

Self Efficancy And Motivation Paper
Self–Efficacy, Community College Choice, and Motivation in Nontraditional Students
By Shauna Tillery
Tarleton State University
Self–Efficacy, Community College Choice, and Motivation
Walk onto a community college camps today and you will see a student population that does not
quite match the college campus stereotype, and is much different than what is traditionally portrayed
in film and literature. The true dynamic consists of a diverse group of students, ranging in age from
older teens just out of high school, up to an unlimited age of adults who returned to school later in
life. A substantial portion of community college students are considered to be nontraditional
students, based on demographic factors including their age, living arrangement, and financial
situation.
In most cases, these nontraditional students will have different reasons than traditional students for
choosing to attend a two–year ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
al, 2015; Majer, 2009; Quimby & O'Brien, 2006), and the relationship between self–efficacy and
motivation (Bye, et al., 2007). However, there is little emphasis on what factors may contribute to a
potentially higher level of educational self–efficacy, and in turn, motivation. I plan to expand on
prior research by exploring the correlation between college choice and self–efficacy, and continuing
with the relationship between self–efficacy and motivation, in nontraditional community college
students. Additionally, most research conducted in regards to nontraditional students presents
limited criteria regarding which students are classified as nontraditional students (Bye, et al., 2007;
Markle, 2015; Quimby & O'Brien, 2006). In a community college setting, however, it is necessary
to expand on these criteria (National Center, n.d.). In my research, multiple criteria will be used to
classify participants as nontraditional

Essay on Power Structures of Men and Women in Sports
Power Structures of Men and Women in Sports
As an athlete or a spectator, it is easy to both feel and see the impact sports have on people of both
genders. Athletes are able to experience sports personally, while spectators usually experience sports
through different channels of mass media. Realizing the effects that the world of athletics has on
individuals and society as a whole is vital to the understanding of how sports can positively and
negatively effect athletes as well as spectators.
To deepen our understanding of the cultural values embedded in sports and to explore current values
and power structures regarding men and women, it is necessary to investigate the effect that the
media may possibly have in influencing beliefs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If men do not maintain this expected image, and choose to participate in sports that have been
dominated mostly by women, their sexuality is questioned. Comments like, "Wow, what a Fag," are
often directed toward male figure skaters when viewed by spectators. This is very unfair and hurtful
to the victims of this false perception.
Aside from males participating in figure skating, women boxers are generally viewed by others as
"manly." This is one of the most offensive terms a person can call a female boxer. The word
degrades femininity, especially when referring to a woman who chooses to be active in a sport that
is non–tradition to her gender and has nothing at all to do with her femininity. In the film Girl Fight
the main character, Diana, chooses to train to become a boxer. It is apparent that Diana is not a
lesbian because she has a boyfriend, so her sexuality is not the issue in this film. However, because
she is a female in a male–dominated sport, Diana does not generate the support of many people
when she proposes her idea about boxing. Boxing is considered "inappropriate" for her because she
is a female. The trainer tells her that he cannot work with her, but Diana does not allow this to stop
her. The time, devotion, heart, and desire she gives are all key elements in her efforts to becoming a
successful boxer.
Both men and women undergo social costs when participating in a sport that is

How the Introduction of the Individual into a...
How the Introduction of the Individual into a Non–traditional Sport for His or Her Gender Affects
that Individual and the Sport Itself A high school age boy makes the papers when he joins the girls'
varsity field hockey team at his high school. A woman is judged according to femininity rather than
muscle mass in a body building competition. An African American is thought inferior to his white
counterparts on the sports field. A woman is discouraged from playing contact sports under the
pretext of being too delicate. All of these events have one thing in common: they, in their own
context, involve individuals entering a non–traditional sport for their gender or race. Over the years,
events such as these continually arise causing either ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After all, I myself would have been surprised if a boy showed up on the field one day wearing a
skirt like the rest of the team and expecting to play in the game. Part of the problem is that it is so
uncommon. People are afraid of things that they've never seen or done. Non–traditional athletes in
certain sports are partially unaccepted due to the fact that they are a first. This is part of the reason
why Bev (from Pumping Iron II), was so unaccepted by the judges of the women's bodybuilding
contest: the judges were disgusted by her muscularity. "Images of muscular women... are
disconcerting, even threatening... [she was a] threat to established values." (Holmlund 302) There is
a first for everything, but firsts are always hard to accept and integrate into society. There was, for
instance, a single female member of the wrestling team at my high school. It was something that
we'd all heard of happening at other high schools, but was never something that we'd anticipated
coming to our high school. She was seen as being strange: butch, unlady–like, even ugly. I never
gave her more than a thought because I felt the same. In this context however, of non–traditional
athletes in sports, I see how hard she must have worked to overcome the obstacle of being the social
outcast due to her perceived peculiarity. Wrestling must have been something that she loved to do. If
I can respect women like Martina Navratilova or Tony Stone for being pioneer women in

Essay on Men and Women in Nontraditional Sports as...
Men and Women in Nontraditional Sports as Portrayed in Film Women and men play various sports
because they as Americans want to experience the excitement of playing for fun, and doing
something they love. The idea of what men and women can do for fun in sports has been shaped by
the American society in many different ways through the media, schooling and education, and
professional sports organizations. America portrays women playing field hockey and doing
synchronized swimming while men do boxing, and body building. If a woman chooses to do boxing
because to her it is fun and if a man chooses synchronized swimming because he likes it, they face
many cultural costs and benefits of choosing this sport. Society does not like change and ... Show
The judges were forced to make an ambiguous line between what the difference was between a man
and a woman. The costs of this sport may be unfair judging of the bodybuilders because the judges
are still divided on what makes a woman's feminine form better. The bodybuilders had to deal with
assumptions of the public that accuse them of unnatural or homosexual. A main character, Bev
Francis had to frequently insist that she was a woman not a man, and she was faced with the
questioning of her sexuality. Bev's muscles, dress, heavy facial features, and "unfeminine" body
language evoke the stereotype of what a lesbian looks like: the butch, the lesbian who is
immediately recognizable as such, visibly different. Bev had a strong belief that she looked like a
woman and that she was beautiful and strong. A risk she faced was being hurt by the public's
comments about her body and sexuality. The social and cultural costs of being a male playing non–
traditional sports does not seem as severe as it does because men are not driven away from sports.
Women are constantly being driven away from any sport from the fear of being labeled as
unfeminine or lesbian. Men who want to play non–traditional sports will probably be more likely to
be stereotyped as gay, or feminine. But if a man plays a traditional male sport, he will not be
subjected to unwanted assumptions or sexual advances. Men do not benefit

Langer Article Critique Essay
Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education
Teachers College
Reflecting on Practice: using learning journals in higher and continuing education Langer (2002)
central focus is plainly stated in the introduction, which is "how the use of journals impacted the
learning process of adult non–traditional students and how this impact compared to that of
traditional students".
The purpose of this article critique is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the Langer (2002)
article. The body of the critique will develop the five major elements, which begin with the research
question/problem to include the author's purpose for writing the article. The next element is the
conceptual framework, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the use of learning journals in technology fields in higher education among non–
traditional students is lacking. From these statements the reviewer can determine that the review of
literature is appropriate and critically analyzes published learning journals by the use of summaries
and comparisons.
The methodology section was explained in sufficient detail. It allowed its readers to address the
research questions/problems. Langer (2002) uses two principle modes of inquiry, which are: review
of learning journals submitted by students; and interviewing selected students who completed the
course. The population was identified and selected by using three components in the process. The
interview guide that was provided to two researchers, and not the interviewees, is an indication that
the results would prove reliable. The results from the interviews allowed the researchers to further
assess the significance and relative successes of the participant journals.
The results and findings were clearly explained and examined all aspects of the study. Langer (2002)
gives a clear table indicating the demographic variables of ten students who took part in the study.
The nine interview questions offered a review of how the students responded toward the use of
journals in the course. Some common themes emerged from the journal readings and interview
question responses. The implications of the results and findings were

The Importance Of Technology In Education
In the last several years, college, administrators, faculty, and staff have observed the growing
number of adult students enrolling in classes. Since these nontraditional students have recently come
back, they are struggling more with technology–dominant classrooms compared to their traditional
counterparts. These institutions have initiated methods to work with this problem, such as
implementing beginner computer courses and encouraging them to be proactive in practicing their
new found skills. Contemporary education research has observed numerous obstacles that adult
student encounter returning to school. There is a learning gap that educators must close between
traditional and adult students. While adult students bring valuable life experience and practical
skills, they lack a background in modern programs and navigating access to technology tools.
Working together hand–in–hand adult students and instructions through training in technology and
time management, adult students will have a better outlook on achieving their goals and dreams.
One of the most imposing aspects returning adult learners face is the significant role technology
plays in classrooms today. Computers have changed considerably since many of these individuals
have been enrolled in school and are much more integrated into education overall. While society, in
general, is very dependent on computers introduced into the workplace, when it comes to how they
are being used in regards to school it is a whole

Aboriginal Youth
Consequently, in regards to the Canadian context, the reader may be asking, how can sport help
Aboriginal youth given the dismal past of Aboriginal sport policy? As such, at this juncture, the
numerous challenges Aboriginal youth face must be discussed in order to properly contextualize
how sport participation can be tremendously helpful for Aboriginal communities. Accordingly,
despite only encompassing 3.8% of the total Canadian populace, health and social issues are
disproportionately prominent within Aboriginal communities (Ning & Wilson, 2012). Consequently,
these particular challenges will be examined through the following variables: physical health,
mental health, and criminal justice. First, accordingly to the literature health disparities ... Show
However, Mandela provided the country with a means to pull together as a unified unit and cheer for
the Springboks because of one astonishingly courageous act: in front of a crowd of 65,000
individuals that was virtually all white, Mandela marched onto the field wearing a Spingboks jersey
and embraced the teams captain Francois Pinenaar, which left the crowd silent at first, but quickly
transitioned into fans chanting "Nelson! Nelson! Nelson!" (Busbee, 2013, pg. 1). The South Africa
Spingboks would subsequently move forward and win the game giving South Africans both white
and black an opportunity to celebrate the victory together as not white or black, but rather as unified
South Africans with a more hopeful future ahead. In 2009, this amazing story was chronicled in the
film 'Invictius,' which featured Morgan Freeman as Mandela and Matt Damon as Pinenaar with the
fundamental premise being the uniting power of the universal language of sport. To this end,
Mandela became the first global leader to use sport as a tool to unite individuals and reformulate a
nations international image through the transformative power of sport. His words, actions, and
leadership with respect to sport for developmental remain profoundly relevant today irrespective

Journal Critique
The research paper will critique the article written by Arthur M .Langer (2002). The title is
"reflecting on practice; and using learning journal in higher and continuing education. The article
will compare non–traditional students and traditional student's response to the computer classes that
requires utilizing electronics learning journals in the classroom.
Discussions regarding the approach and comprehension levels demonstrated by the non–traditional
students and the traditional students as it relates to 'technical' computer class response to the
requirements of "learning journals." The assessment will identify how students review the content
for journaling, formatted the writing style and select the important points for reflections from ...
What were the benefits of doing learning journals?
4. What were the downsides or disadvantages of using learning journals?
5. Did producing learning journals change your learning process?
6. Have you continued using learning journals in other courses or in other situations?
7. Do you think that learning journals can be used for all types of courses?
8. Did you use the learning journal as a way of collaborating with your instructor?
9. Did the journals assist in critical reflection? Students had concerns about the ability to manage
their electronic learning journal. They were anxiety, especially the nontraditional students. The
students were offended by the obligation of the learning journals and thought the learning journals
were more appropriate for children. 5% of the students had concerns with designing, and the
formats. Less than 5% of the students had previous knowledge with producing learning journals.
50% of the learning journals were not submitted by student in the required time frame. The research
problems stated, there was differences in the way non–traditional students compared to that of
traditional students managed the technical' computer response in the learning journals class. The
article also discussed the concept reflective learning as it relates to the learning journals class.
Students experience significant issues in integrating the learning journals application outside the

Essay on Gender Barriers in Athletics
Gender Barriers in Athletics
2. What are the social and cultural costs and benefits of an individual (male or female) entering a
non–traditional sport for their gender/sex (eg women who enter body building, power lifting,
boxing; men who enter synchronized swimming or field hockey)?
Throughout history it is clear that not only women, but both genders have faced seemingly
insurmountable barriers when attempting to break into a sport that is not "proper" or stereotypical
for their gender to participate in. Though as a society we are making strides towards equality in
sport, such as the advent of Title IX, it is clear that we still have a long way to go. Though
breakthrough policies such as this are moving in the right direction, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Even organizations that claim to push for equality in sport seem to perpetuate these stereotypes
themselves, an example of which is a quote found on the website organized by the Canadian
Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity: "CAAWS is in
business to encourage girls and women to get out of the bleachers, off the sidelines, and onto the
fields and rinks, into the pools, locker rooms and board rooms of Canada".
(http://www.caaws.ca/english/index.htm) Though this association does seem to have the right idea in
mind, to get women "out of the bleachers, off the sidelines", they perpetuate ideas of normative
female sport participation by instructing women to go to pools and rinks, implying swimming and
ice skating, stereotypical female sports, instead of instructing them to go to boxing rings or
basketball courts.
The quote above also raises another interesting issue by connecting equality in sport with equality in
the workplace. Throughout history, these two ideas seem to run directly parallel to one another, and
even reflect the state of the other. As women have continued to become a stronger force in the
workplace, they also seem to be breaking through the gender–constricting barriers of sport at the
same time. This idea reflects the inclination of our society to keep women in roles that are normative
not only in dealing with sport, but throughout all other areas of a woman's life as well. In this
manner, a good course of action in

Essay On Non Traditional Students
The dynamic of University environment has changed over the course of the last decade, with
nontraditional students encompassing between 50 and 75% of the undergraduate population. These
nontraditional students possess the responsibility and self–regulation that is not commonly found in
the traditional University student, as displayed in a research study performed by H. B. Slotnick, M.
H. Pelton, and L. Tabor. Their motivation for education relies in their personal interests and
satisfactions, job improvements, employment requirements, and their own perception of personal
value. This differs from the research performed by M. Knowles, which shows that conventional
students depend on external motivation, and lack the self–regulation found in nontraditional
students. The focus was then shifted to the adult–learning style, and how greatly it differs between
younger generations. A study held in Auburn University in Montgomery used two main investigative
questions as the basis of their research:
What motivational factors, distinguish between students who attend a traditional or non–traditional
campus?
What differences, if any, are there in learning strategies of the students who attend a traditional or
non–trational campus?
The study sampled individuals from two separate campuses filling the demographic of traditional
students (ages 18–22), and non–traditional students (ages 23 and older). The first sample was
derived from Auburn University at Montgomery (AUM) student population.

Gender Stereotypes And Gender Roles
Within society today both males and females are expected to fit in, fulfil and adopt, specific
stereotypes and gender roles. In the western world, women are traditionally characterised and
expected to be maternal housewife's, who are obedient and attractive; whereas males are seen to be
the breadwinners, who are muscular independent and strong. These characteristics have become
'normal' in society, and enforce the gender stereotype roles. However, when these gender 'norms' are
disturbed, this leads to the creation of new labels and stereotypes, people to be ridiculed and
questions to be asked. Although, these traditional gender stereotypes have been around for many
years with little change; they are now being confronted and challenged by people within society.
One particular area in which these controversial gender stereotypes are being examined is in
physical activity and sport. In comparing traditional female gender stereotypes in sports, to that of
those in the 21st century, it can be seen that stereotypes in female athletics have improved but there
is still a long way to go. Through their increased involvement in sports and physical activity; they
are challenging the restrictive views and sexist barriers about their athletic ability, physical
appearance and participation. However, it is also evident that the traditional gender stereotypes still
prevail. In this essay I examine how gender stereotypes have impacted on females who participate in
physical activity,

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