The document discusses improving the performance of Ruby extensions written in C++. It proposes using C++ as the language for extensions rather than C, as C++ has convenient features like type inference, lambda expressions, and default arguments that make extensions easier to write. It recommends providing a convenient API like Ext++ that allows defining Ruby classes and methods directly in C++ code similar to how it is done in Ruby. This avoids the verbosity of raw C APIs and allows leveraging modern C++ features for high performance extension code that stays within C++ as much as possible without moving between C++ and Ruby.