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A CHALLENGE OF VETERINARY
PRACTITIONER FROM DEGNALA
DISEASE
Dr.Jibachha Sah
M.V.SC (T.U.)
VHRTC(P)LTD
Introduction
 Degnala disease, which is believed to be a
mycotoxicosis, has clinical syndrome
similar to chronic ergotism and is
characterised by development of oedema,
necrosis and gangrene of the legs, tail,
ears, etc.
Etiology
 The most frequently found fungi species
recorded from rice straw were: Aspergillus,
Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium notatum.
Species affected
 Buffaloes are more frequently affected than
cattle and younger animals appear to be
more susceptible.
Epizootical
 Epizootiological studies were made on disease
outbreaks involving 370 herds from 136
villages of Haryana, India, during the years
1968 to 1978.
 They revealed that the disease, besides being
seasonal and regional in occurrence, has a
tendency to confine itself to a particular herd
or field.
 All the disease outbreaks occurred during the
winter and were associated with the feeding of
rice straw.
Prevalence in Nepal
The outbreaks of Deg Nala disease occurring
during 1998 through 1999 were recorded in 5
villages of Bankatwa, Mahadev puri, Bethani,
KhajuraKhurda Manokapur Village
development committee of Banke district of
Midwestern Nepal .
Factor associated with
disease
 Factors such as housing conditions of
animals, shape of rice straw stacks, feeding
practices, and use of pesticides and fertilizers
had no bearing on the occurrence of the
disease.
 Inadequate postharvest drying of rice plants
before stacking and stacking at low-lying
places or near water channels were the
factors identified with occurrence of the
disease.
Morbidity and mortality
 The morbidity and mortality rates were
61.61% and 13.93%, respectively, in
buffaloes and 13.49% and 2.41% in cattle,
with no sex and age differences.
Symptoms
 Severe cases lingered for 1 to 2 months, but
in others the wounds healed within a few
weeks.The diseased animals were invariably
weak. Ulcerative wounds and gangrene
developed on the limbs and other dependent
parts of the body. Almost all cases showed
gangrene of the tail, which was shrivelled and
cold to the touch. Invariably, one or both ears
showed signs of dry gangrene.
In some cases the muzzle and even the tip of the tongue
became gangrenous and was shed. One or more hooves
showed lesions in varying stages of development. In some
cases the affected feet and legs were swollen up to the knee;
hair was denuded and inflammatory changes set in. Later,
wounds appeared on the coronet, fetlock, pastern, knee and in
the hock region.
In very advanced cases the lower regions of the feet become
gangrenous. In some cases the hooves were shed and bones
were exposed. The gangrenous portions of the tail, tips of the
ears, tongue and other affected parts of the body, dropped off,
although wounds healed in the course of time.
 Secondary bacterial infections of the lesions
were at least partially responsible for the
severity of the disease.To address this
complicating factor, long-actingTerramycin
was injected parenterally.
 Moreover simultaneous use of antifungal
(Diethylamine acetarsol, Acetylarson,
Antidegnala liquior) induced development of
immunity and was proven to be effective
against infection.
Tail gangrene
Initially foot lesion may
seen
Foot lesion
Depression and unable to
stand
Tail gangrene dryness of
skin
Unable to stand due to foot
lesion
After treatment improvement
in tail gangrene
Foot lesion improved after
treatment with Degamin
powder
Improved after treatment of tail
lesion with Deganeg ointment
Emaciation ,decrease milk
yield are characteristic
symptoms initially.
Tail gangrene in severe
condition
Tail gangrene in severe condition
Treatment
 A penta-sulphate mixture) at the rate of 60 g
(1st day) orally, followed by 30 g daily for 10
days with a sufficient quantity of linseed and
molasses.
 The lesions were washed with lukewarm
water and dressed with nitroglycerin 2%
ointment.

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Deg nala disease

  • 1. A CHALLENGE OF VETERINARY PRACTITIONER FROM DEGNALA DISEASE Dr.Jibachha Sah M.V.SC (T.U.) VHRTC(P)LTD
  • 2. Introduction  Degnala disease, which is believed to be a mycotoxicosis, has clinical syndrome similar to chronic ergotism and is characterised by development of oedema, necrosis and gangrene of the legs, tail, ears, etc.
  • 3. Etiology  The most frequently found fungi species recorded from rice straw were: Aspergillus, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium notatum.
  • 4. Species affected  Buffaloes are more frequently affected than cattle and younger animals appear to be more susceptible.
  • 5. Epizootical  Epizootiological studies were made on disease outbreaks involving 370 herds from 136 villages of Haryana, India, during the years 1968 to 1978.  They revealed that the disease, besides being seasonal and regional in occurrence, has a tendency to confine itself to a particular herd or field.  All the disease outbreaks occurred during the winter and were associated with the feeding of rice straw.
  • 6. Prevalence in Nepal The outbreaks of Deg Nala disease occurring during 1998 through 1999 were recorded in 5 villages of Bankatwa, Mahadev puri, Bethani, KhajuraKhurda Manokapur Village development committee of Banke district of Midwestern Nepal .
  • 7. Factor associated with disease  Factors such as housing conditions of animals, shape of rice straw stacks, feeding practices, and use of pesticides and fertilizers had no bearing on the occurrence of the disease.  Inadequate postharvest drying of rice plants before stacking and stacking at low-lying places or near water channels were the factors identified with occurrence of the disease.
  • 8. Morbidity and mortality  The morbidity and mortality rates were 61.61% and 13.93%, respectively, in buffaloes and 13.49% and 2.41% in cattle, with no sex and age differences.
  • 9. Symptoms  Severe cases lingered for 1 to 2 months, but in others the wounds healed within a few weeks.The diseased animals were invariably weak. Ulcerative wounds and gangrene developed on the limbs and other dependent parts of the body. Almost all cases showed gangrene of the tail, which was shrivelled and cold to the touch. Invariably, one or both ears showed signs of dry gangrene.
  • 10. In some cases the muzzle and even the tip of the tongue became gangrenous and was shed. One or more hooves showed lesions in varying stages of development. In some cases the affected feet and legs were swollen up to the knee; hair was denuded and inflammatory changes set in. Later, wounds appeared on the coronet, fetlock, pastern, knee and in the hock region. In very advanced cases the lower regions of the feet become gangrenous. In some cases the hooves were shed and bones were exposed. The gangrenous portions of the tail, tips of the ears, tongue and other affected parts of the body, dropped off, although wounds healed in the course of time.
  • 11.  Secondary bacterial infections of the lesions were at least partially responsible for the severity of the disease.To address this complicating factor, long-actingTerramycin was injected parenterally.  Moreover simultaneous use of antifungal (Diethylamine acetarsol, Acetylarson, Antidegnala liquior) induced development of immunity and was proven to be effective against infection.
  • 17. Unable to stand due to foot lesion
  • 19. Foot lesion improved after treatment with Degamin powder
  • 20. Improved after treatment of tail lesion with Deganeg ointment
  • 21. Emaciation ,decrease milk yield are characteristic symptoms initially.
  • 22. Tail gangrene in severe condition
  • 23. Tail gangrene in severe condition
  • 24. Treatment  A penta-sulphate mixture) at the rate of 60 g (1st day) orally, followed by 30 g daily for 10 days with a sufficient quantity of linseed and molasses.  The lesions were washed with lukewarm water and dressed with nitroglycerin 2% ointment.