This document summarizes the history of PHP persistence from 1995 to present day. It begins with early file handling in PHP/FI in 1995 and the introduction of database support. It then discusses the evolution of code reusability through functions and classes. Professional abstraction layers like PEAR and later ORM frameworks provided more robust and standardized APIs. NoSQL databases and drivers were later incorporated, moving beyond relational databases. Current frameworks provide object document mapping for non-SQL databases like MongoDB.

2. The History of PHPersistence
Hugo Hamon - @hhamon
OSIDays November 2011

3. PHP/FI
Where Everything Begins…

4. 1995
PHP/FI

5. 1995
Files handling

6. $fp = fopen("/counter.txt","w+");
$counter = fgets($fp,1024);
$counter++;
fputs($fp, $counter);
fclose($fp);

7. 1995
Databases support

8. $db = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "secret");
$name = "bob";
$result = mysql(
$db,
"select * from table where firstname='$name'"
);
$num = mysql_numrows($result);
echo "$num records found!<p>";

9. $i=0;
while ($i<$num);
echo mysql_result($result,$i,"lcase(fullname)");
echo "n";
echo mysql_result($result,$i,"address");
echo "n";
$i++;
endwhile;

10. PHP 3/4
Code Reusability

11. User Functions

12. function db_connect($database, $host, $user, $pwd);
function db_fetch_single($dbh, $query);
function db_fetch_all($dbh, $query);
function db_insert($dbh, $table, $values);
function db_update($dbh, $table, $values, $pk);
function db_delete($dbh, $table, $pk);
function db_list_fields($dbh, $table);
function db_drop_table($dbh, $table);

13. function db_connect($database, $host, $user, $pwd)
{
$dbh = mysql_connect($host, $user, $pwd);
if (!$dbh) {
die('Server unavailable: '. mysql_error());
}
if (!mysql_select_db($database, $dbh)) {
die("'$database' unavailable: ". mysql_error());
}
return $dbh;
}

14. /**
* Fetches a single record from a database
*
* @param resource $dbh The database handler
* @param string $query A SQL query
* @return array A single record as an array
*/
function db_fetch_single($dbh, $query)
{
return current(db_fetch_all($dbh, $query));
}

15. function db_fetch_all($dbh, $query)
{
$result = mysql_query($query, $dbh);
if (!$result) {
die('Invalid query: '. mysql_error());
}
$records = array();
while ($record = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
$records[] = $record;
}
return $records;
}

16. function db_insert($dbh, $table, array $values)
{
$data = array();
foreach ($values as $value) {
$data[] = mysql_real_escape_string($value, $dbh);
}
$sql = sprintf("INSERT INTO `$table` (`%s`) VALUES ('%s')",
implode('`, `', array_keys($values)),
implode("', '", $data)
);
$result = mysql_query($query, $dbh);
if (!$result) {
die('Invalid data to insert: '. mysql_error());
}
return mysql_insert_id($dbh);
}

17. include 'lib/database.inc.php';
$dbh = db_connect('osidays');
$query = 'SELECT id, name FROM author';
$authors = db_fetch_all($dbh, $query);
$author = db_fetch_single(
$dbh,
'SELECT id, name FROM author WHERE id = 3'
);
$id = db_insert($dbh, 'author', array(
'name' => 'Jules Verne'
));

18. PHP 4
OOP & Reusability

19. class Database
{
function Database($database, host, $user, $pwd);
function disconnect();
function connect();
function free();
function getErrorMessage();
function getErrorCode();
function getLastInsertId();
function insert($table, array $values);
function fetchAll($query);
function fetchSingle($query);
function query($query);
function quote($string);
function hasError();
function _collectError();
function _init();
}

20. require 'lib/Database.php';
$db= &new Database('demo', 'localhost', 'root');
$q = 'SELECT id, name FROM author';
foreach ($db->fetchAll($q) as $author) {
// ...
}
$db->free();
$db->disconnect();

21. require 'lib/Database.php';
$db= &new Database('demo', 'localhost', 'root');
$q = 'SELECT id, name FROM author WHERE id = 1';
$author = $db->fetchSingle($q);
$db->free();
$db->disconnect();

22. require 'lib/Database.php';
$db= &new Database('demo', 'localhost', 'root');
$res = $db->insert('author', array(
'name' => 'Jules Vernes'
));
if ($result) {
$id = $db->getLastInsertId();
}
$db->disconnect();

23. PHP 4
Professional APIs

24. DBAL

25. • PEAR::DB • MDB
• ADOdb • MDB2
• Metabase • Creole

26. § Multiple databases support
§ Uni ed APIs
§ Prepared statements supports
§ Query caching
§ Security against SQL Injections

27. PEAR MDB2

28. $dsn = array(
'phptype' => 'mysql',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'hostspec' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'demo',
);
$db = & MDB2::connect($dsn);
$db->setFetchMode(MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
$rs = $db->queryAll('SELECT id, name FROM author');
$db->disconnect();

29. ADOdb

30. include('adodb.inc.php');
$db = NewADOConnection('mysql');
$db->Connect('localhost', 'root', 'password', 'demo');
$result = $db->Execute('SELECT id, name FROM author');
if ($result) {
while (!$result->EOF) {
echo 'ID: ', $result->fields[0] ,"n";
echo 'Name:', $result->fields[1] ,"n";
$result->MoveNext();
}
}

31. 2004
PHP 5

32. 2005
PHP Data Object

33. • PECL extension as of PHP 5.0.0
• Core extension since PHP 5.1.0 (11/2005)
• 12 official drivers as of today
• Extensible Object Oriented API
• Prepared statements & transaction support
• Stored procedures support

35. « PDO provides a data-access abstraction
layer, which means that, regardless of
which database you're using, you use the
same functions to issue queries and fetch
data. »

36. « PDO does not provide a
database abstraction as it
doesn't rewrite SQL or emulate
missing features »

37. Transactions
/
Prepared Statements

38. try {
$pdo->beginTransaction();
$query = 'INSERT INTO author (name) VALUES (?)';
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($query);
$stmt->bindValue(1, 'Jules Verne');
$stmt->execute();
$id = $pdo->lastInsertId();
$pdo->commit();
} catch (PDOException $e) {
$pdo->rollback();
}

39. Stored Procedures

40. DELIMITER |
CREATE PROCEDURE coming_events (IN start DATE, OUT events INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO events FROM events WHERE start_at >=
start;
END
|
$query = "CALL coming_events('2011-03-01', @events);";
$pdo->query($query);
$stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT @events;");
echo $stmt->fetchColumn() ,' events to come.';

41. PHP 5
Zend_Db

42. Table Data Gateway

43. class AuthorGateway
extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract
{
protected $_name = 'authors';
protected $_primary = 'author_id';
}

44. $data = array(
'first_name' => 'Jules',
'last_name' => 'Vernes',
);
$table = new AuthorGateway();
$table->insert($data);

45. Row Data Gateway

46. $table = new AuthorGateway();
// New empty row
$row = $table->createRow();
// Insert a new row
$row->firstName = 'Jules';
$row->lastName = 'Verne';
$row->save();

47. Active Query

48. $isbn = '1234567890';
$rows = $db->select()
->from(array('b' => 'books'))
->where('b.isbn = ?', $isbn)
->order(array('b.title ASC'))
->query()
->fetchAll()
;

49. PHP 5
Object Relational Mapping

50. • Use objects instead of raw SQL queries
• Database abstraction layer (not always)
• Relationships support
• Behaviors support (i18n, timestampable…)
• Querying API
• Error logging

51. 2005
Propel ORM

52. $author = new Author();
$author->setFirstName("Leo");
$author->setLastName("Tolstoy");
$book = new Book();
$book->setTitle("War & Peace");
$book->setIsbn("0140444173");
$book->setAuthor($author);
$book->save();

53. $query = BookQuery::create()
->joinWith('Book.Author')
->joinWith('Book.Publisher')
->where('Author.firstName = ?', 'Leo')
->where('Author.lastName = ?', 'Tolstoï')
->orderByTitle()
->filterByPublishYear(2009)
->find()
;

54. 2009
Doctrine 1.x

55. $books = Doctrine_Query::create()
->select('b.*, a.*, p.*')
->from('Book b')
->leftJoin('b.Author a')
->leftJoin('b.Publisher p')
->where('a.firstName = ?', 'Karl')
->andWhere('a.lastName = ?', 'Marx')
->orderBy('b.title ASC')
->execute()
;

56. 2009
PHP
5.3

57. ORM Frameworks

58. Doctrine2

59. • Database Abstraction Layer
• Object Relational Mapping
• Schema management
• Migrations support
• XML & NoSQL databases support

60. /** @Entity() */
class Author
{
/**
* @Id()
* @GeneratedValue()
* @Column(type="integer")
*/
private $id;
/** @Column(type="string", length="30") */
private $name;
/** @ReferenceMany(targetDocument="BlogPost") */
private $posts = array();
}

61. $post = new BlogPost();
$post->setTitle('My First Blog Post');
$post->setBody('Some content...');
$author = new Author();
$author->setName('Hugo Hamon');
$author->addPost($post);
$em->persist($user);
$em->persist($post);
$dm->flush();

62. Toward NoSQL…

63. «
Not
Only
SQL
»

64. Key abcdef
Hugo
Hamon
Value

65. FirstName:
Hugo
Column 1
Key abcdef
LastName:
Hamon
Column 2
Role:
Speaker
Column 3

66. Document
Key
abcdef
Name:
Hugo
Hamon
0:
PHP
Skills
1:
HTML
2:
CSS
Role:
Speaker

67. 2009
MongoDB Driver

68. • Cross-platform support
• Schemaless language
• BSON type support
• Binary le storage support (GridFS)
• Master – slave replication support
• Sharding (horizontal scaling)

69. $mongo = new Mongo();
$col = $mongo->selectDb('osidays')->books;
$books = array(
array('title' => 'Da Vinci Code'),
array('title' => 'The Lost Symbol'),
array('title' => 'Digital Fortress'),
);
foreach ($books as $book) {
$collection->insert($book);
}

70. What’s next…
… for today and tomorrow?

71. 2011
PHP 5.3 ODM Frameworks

73. • ORM Layers for Mongodb
• Dealing with objects instead of arrays
• Relationships support
• Query abstraction
• GridFS support
• Query logging & caching

74. $post = new BlogPost();
$post->setTitle('My First Blog Post');
$post->setBody('Some content...');
$author = new Author();
$author->setName('Hugo Hamon');
$author->setEmail('hugo@example.com');
$dm->persist($user);
$user->addPost($post);
$dm->flush();

75. QuesAons?
92-98, boulevard Victor Hugo
92 115 Clichy Cedex
trainings@sensio.com (+33 (0)1 40 99 82 11)
sensiolabs.com - symfony.com – trainings.sensiolabs.com