O level History, Year 9, Chapter 2: Straits Settlement; Economic and Administrative Development Free to use, idk for reference or something

1. THE STRAITS
SETTLEMENTS
Economic and Administrative Development

2. Formation of the Straits
Settlements
1824
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824
British have 3 settlement;
Penang (1786), Singapore (1819)
and Malacca (1824).
1826
These three settlements
were combined to form
Straits Settlements.
1945
Straits settlements was
dissolved after Japanese
Occupation (1942-1945)

3. HISTORICAL TERMS
◦ Presidency
◦ The administrative divisions of British governance in India
◦ Residency
◦ The official residence of a representative of the British governor general at a
native Indian court.

4. Administrative Development
◦ In 1823 Singapore was placed under the control of the
Supreme Government of India.
◦ In 1826 Singapore, Malacca came under the Penang
Presidency.
◦ Penang was the first administrative headquarter and
capital of the straits Settlements (1826-1832)
◦ Head of the SS was a British officer called the
Governor. Each of the three settlements had a
Resident Councillor to assist the Governor.
◦ In 1832 the capital was moved from Penang to
Singapore.

5. Administrative
Development
SS was removed from the
supervision of Bengal to that of
the Governor-General of India
in 1851
The EIC was abolished in 1858
and British government took
possession of all its colonies

6. Administrative
Development
◦ India became a colony of the British
Government and the Queen’s representative
in India was the Viceroy.
◦ SS placed under the new administration of
the Viceroy and placed under the new
administration of the Viceroy at Calcutta
Viceroy; a person appointed to rule a country or province
as the deputy of the sovereign.

7. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE
STRAITS SETTLEMENTS 1826 - 1830
Governor-General of India
_____________ of the Straits
Settlements
1. 2. 3.

8. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE STRAITS
SETTLEMENTS 1858 - 1867BritishCrownin
____________
______________
in India
______________ of
the Straits Settlements
in
__________________
1.
2.
3.

9. Economic Development
◦ The main economic activity of the Straits
Settlement was TRADE.
◦ Two factors for their commercial prosperity:
◦ Strategic geographical location along the
China trade route
◦ Free port status.

10. Economic Development
◦ Singapore was the jewel of the British
possession in Southeast Asia. It establish itself
as the main centre of trade between India and
China and the Malay Archipelago.
◦ The European and Chinese Community
played an important role in the trade of
Singapore

11. Economic Development
◦ European although few in numbers were very powerful businessmen
◦ The European merchants were still dependent upon the skills of Chinese middlemen who sold
the goods for them.

12. Economic Development (Agriculture)
◦ In Malacca, the planting of tapioca was
attempted but this was failed.
◦ In Penang, the nutmeg industry failed to
cover the cost of the plantation, high labour
cost and natural disaster; drought.

13. Economic Development
◦ In Singapore, nutmeg, cotton,
coffee, cloves and coconut failed.
Only gambier and pepper were
successful, mainly owned by the
Chinese.
◦ The agriculture venture in SS was a
failure.

14. ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION
◦ TWO IMPORTANT COMMUNITIES IN
THE SS:
◦ COMMERCIAL SUCCESS OF STRAITS
SETTLEMENTS
1. _________________
2. __________________
2. __________________
1. _________________
_________________
_________________
________________

15. THE PROBLEM WITH PIRACY
◦ Who?
◦ The pirates or lanuns originated
from North Borneo, Mindanao in
the Philippines and Chinese pirates

16. THE PROBLEM WITH PIRACY
◦ Activities
◦ Attacked native crafts (perahu)
and European ships
◦ Threatened the lives of the
passengers, took them as
prisoners or sold them as slaves

17. THE PROBLEM WITH SECRET SOCIETIES
◦ Who are the members?
◦ The European called them the Triad
◦ Ghee Hin Society and Ghee Hock Society
◦ Secret Society activities / problem cause by secret
society
◦ Involved in organizing gambling and opium
smuggling
◦ Rivalry between societies, open warfare
◦ Cause riots and brought disruption of trade and
public order

18. THE PROBLEM WITH SECRET SOCIETIES
◦ How did the government try/attempted to stop the Triads?
1. Suppression of Dangerous Society Ordinance (1869)
◦ All societies more than 10 members must register
◦ However it did not prevent them to act against the law
2. Protector of Chinese Immigrants and Protect of Chinese
Emigrants (1876)
◦ Set up by W.A Pickering
◦ His main task was to improve the Chinese living and working condition
and in hope that it would reduce the Triads’ membership, but failed

19. THE PROBLEM WITH SECRET SOCIETIES
3. Police was granted power to
disband any dangerous society
(1882)
◦ but it was almost impossible to
enforce.
4. Society Ordinance (1890)
◦ Declared all secret society to be
illegal
◦ However, they were skilled at
avoiding prosecution and were too
powerful to be wiped out

20. Piracy Problem
◦ WHY WAS PIRACY A PROBLEM?
◦ THE FIRST STEAMSHIP THAT TOOK
ON GROUP OF PIRATES
1. _____________________
_____________________
_____________________
2. _____________________
_____________________
_____________________
_________________