Controversy Over The National Defense Authorization Act

Controversy Over the National Defense Authorization Act
Controversy over NDAA 2012 Passage Controversy over NDAA 2012 Passage Introduction The
National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2012 (H.R. 1540) was introduced into
the 112th Congress on April 14, 2011 by Representative Howard P. "Buck" McKeon (R–CA),
chairman of the Armed Services Committee (Library of Congress, 2012). The NDAA 2012 was
cosponsored by Rep. Adam Smith (D–WA), a ranking member of the Armed Services Committee.
This bill essentially authorizes annually federal funding for all Department of Defense operations,
including the military, and defense operations within the Department of Energy (OpenCongress,
2012). The amount budgeted for the 2012 fiscal year was $662 billion (Mariner, 2011, para. 14),
which represents about 73 percent of the total defense budget and just over 18% of the entire federal
budget (Chantrill, 2012). The reauthorization of Defense Department funding was expected, in part
because it has happened every year for the past 50 years (Fox–Rouch, 2012); however, the most
recent version generated considerable controversy among civil and human rights advocates due to a
provision that allows indefinite detention of American citizens (Fox–Rouch, 2012; Kuipers, 2012).
NDAA's Route to Passage When first introduced into committee, the NDAA had a mere 29,542
words, but by the time it made it out of committee for consideration in the House, it had grown to
190,720 words (OpenCongress, 2012). During debate in the House, the bill had
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Military Discrimination against Homosexuals Essay
Homosexuals, bisexuals and lesbians were a condemned lot not allowed to serve in the United States
military service including the Navy forces. Service men and women in the military were judged not
only with reference to their behavioral conduct but also from their sexual orientation results. The
Department of Defense (DOD) would ask questions concerning sexual orientation of prospects
willing to join the military service. A sexual orientation related to sexual attraction to people of a
particular gender. Even members of the military service were not allowed to make any statement
that meant they (he or she) were homosexuals. Language was highly targeted since the passing of
the act of language in the National Defense Authorization. This act ... Show more content on
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Before this, any form of lesbianism; bisexual behavior, gay and homosexuality in general were not
tolerated in the military. In the year 1993, President Bill Clinton passed an interim compromise that
gave the Department of Defense an opportunity to review the issue of sexual orientation in the
military. The Department of Defense was reviewing the ban and come up with analysis that would
end and prevent discrimination of prospective members of the military by looking at or/and asking
them questions on sexual orientation. In the year 1993 after the review was made, the staff gave in
to the suggestion made on ending discrimination with regard to sexual orientation. The Chief of staff
agreed with Bill Clinton to remove any question concerning sexual orientation that was included in
the application list that recruited military servants. This issue was very serious and required a lot of
attention such that in the same year, Armed House Senate Congress (SASC) had extensive hearings
on the issue of discrimination of homosexuals. Finally, they came up with an approach described as
"Don't Ask Don't Tell". Under the Don't Ask Don't Tell approach the Department of Defense were
not allowed to ask questions that were aimed at finding out the sexual orientation of the prospective

The Negative Impacts Of Immigit Groups In The United States
There are groups called LGBT groups which in other words are lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and
transgenders. LBG's have fought for their rights for years and were accepted in serving in the year
1993 under President Bill's "Don't Ask, Don't Tell Act", (DADT). The act never allowed
transgenders to serve, which was the only group that was not taken part of the act. In the year 2016,
former President Obama reversed the rules and allowed transgenders to start serving the military.
That did not last too long after the newest in office President Trump has once again banned
transgenders from serving completely and his words were: After consultation with my Generals and
military experts, please be advised that the United States Government will not accept or allow
Transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the U.S. Military. Our military must be focused
on decisive and overwhelming victory and cannot be burdened with the tremendous medical costs
and disruption that transgender in the military would entail. Thank you.
Trump's announcement was completely unexpected. His announcements are stating the blame the
transgenders for the military not succeeding its true glory, which creates discrimination, which
becomes a negative outcome. According to Federal News Radio 4,000 to 15,000 transgenders serve
the military. Not only does it create a negative impact on their lives in society, but as well a negative
impact on the military's spending.
Trump's reason for the ban meant was that

Counterdrug Operations Case Study
There are several significant planning considerations the DOD must identify and incorporate when
providing support to domestic law enforcement agencies during counterdrug operations. Firstly,
DOD support to counterdrug operations is part of a whole of government effort to eliminate the
transport and transfer of illegal drugs into the US. DOD is the lead federal agency for the detection
and monitoring (D&M) of aerial and maritime transit of illegal drugs into the US as outlined in the
National Defense Authorization Acts of 1990 and 1991. The desired end result of D&M is the
interdiction and apprehension by Law Enforcement Agency (LEA). DOD assists partner nations
(PN) in counter drug (CD) operations, only when specifically requested by LEA and

Obama Administration's Policy Views on Cybersecurity
Title Page Contents Introduction Obama Administration's Policy Views on Cybersecurity 1.1.
Enhancing Resilience 1.2. Reducing Threats Obama and Bush Administrations 1.3. Bush
Administration 1.4. Policy Similarities 1.5. Policy Differences Recommendations for Improvements
1.6 Cyber Czar Position 1.7 International Organization and joint punishment Works Cited
Introduction The following document will provide information pertaining to presidential
administrations both past and present and their respective views on cybersecurity policies. Policies
of each administration will be reviewed and summarized, noting actions taken to secure a more
resilient, dependable, cyberspace. Additionally, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He continued to note in order to secure cyberspace, both private and public cyber sectors need to be
regulated (CNET, 2014). 2.2. Policy similarities As evidenced, both presidential administrations are
similar in policy strategy in the fact the there is a unified acknowledgement that a malicious attack
could critically hinder the nation's infrastructure. Additionally, system vulnerabilities have been
traced to a lack of end user training and education as well as the fact that most of the system
architecture has been designed more for efficiency and interoperability than security (The White
House, 2009). Both administrations focus on the importance of collaborating with the public and
private sectors, as well as civil rights groups and international partners to design and implement a
series of security standards and policies. 2.3. Policy Differences One of the major differences
between these two administrations, is the focus from the Obama administration on civil liberties.
Although a "cyber czar" was a recommendation in both policies, the Obama administration more
clearly defined the role by appointing an official "to be responsible for coordinating the nation's
cybersecurity policies and activities...and to establish a strong NSC directorate" (The White House,
2009) to assist with policy development and implementation. 3. Recommendations for
improvements 3.1. Cyber Czar

Questions and Answers on Military Partnerships
Military Partnerships
Find language regarding Military involvement in the NRF. Especially note the chain of command
structure. Would the National Guard (if deemed necessary) be called out first? By whom? When
would the Guard be called out give examples. When would a Military Branch (e.g., Army) be called
out? Under the NRF, the National Guard would be called out in conjunction with other state and
federal resources. The individuals who have the authorization to do so are the Governor and the
President. An example of when the National Guard would be called is in the event of a natural
disaster (i.e. a tornado). This is when the Governor or the President can send them into the area to:
establish law / order, provide support and help with relief efforts. (Braulick, 2008, pp. 4 22)
(Parsons, 2008) A second example of this can be seen with the National Guard being called up by
the President to assist with military operations overseas. In the last few years, this was happening in
both Iraq and Afghanistan with the National Guard utilized to supplement active duty forces during
the surges. This is illustrating how there are different uses for the National Guard on: the state,
national or international level. (Braulick, 2008, pp. 4 22) (Parsons, 2008) The active military would
be called in to supplement the National Guard, state and local authorities. An example of this
occurred in the aftermath of Hurricane Katarina when combat divisions were sent to New Orleans to
provide

Importance Of Setting Legal Measures
Legal Measures: This deals with the laws related to cybersecurity that are already or will be set in
place by the nation's legal system which is comprised of many parts involving Federal and State
Governments, Laws, and Courts. Setting legal measures is extremely vital to the protection of
information within many government, public, or private organizations as it addresses various
initiatives, such as improving government security practices, increasing penalties for computer
crimes, and fighting threats to the systems infrastructure. They can also make employees,
contractors, representatives, etc., more aware of their actions within the workplace or at home and
just in general information technology environments. One example of a cyber law in place is "The
Computer Fraud & Abuse Act of 1984" (CFAA) which is a federal law that makes it illegal to
intentionally access a computer without authorization or in excess of authorization. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
One criminal case involving this act is "United States vs Aaron Swartz, 2011" when Aaron Swartz, a
computer programmer and entrepreneur, allegedly entered an MIT wiring closet and set up a laptop
to mass–download articles from "Journal Storage" (JSTOR). He was arrested by MIT campus police
and federal prosecutors later charged him with two counts of wire fraud and eleven violations of the
Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, carrying a cumulative maximum penalty of $1 million in fines, 35
years in prison, asset forfeiture, restitution, and supervised release. He then later committed suicide
while under federal

The Value Of The Credits
The credits are not provided in a lump sum but instead are claimed in equal amounts over a 10–year
"credit period" (many projects claim credits over 11 years, due to the rules governing how many
credits can be claimed in the first year of the credit period). Thus, the $70,000 of annual credits
described in the illustration will yield a total of $700,000 of credits over the credit period. Three
examples of LIHTC properties in Chicago are Jade Gardens, East Park SRO, and Riverside. Jade
Garden is three 3–story apartment buildings with a total of 72 units that was placed in service in
1996. The project cost about $7.4 million and received $2.7 million in tax credits allocated at about
$500,000 per year. The project received $.54 in tax credits per every dollar used in the project. East
Park SRO cost about $7.1 million and has 152 units that were placed in service in 1995. This project
received $2.9 million in tax credits which is about $.53 on every dollar. Lastly, Riverside has 258
units and was put in service in 2007. This project cost about $33.7 million and received about $11.3
million in tax credits which is $.94 on every dollar. These projects are examples of how tax credits
are encouraging developers to create housing for low–income families. These homes are very
modern and blend easily with the surrounding communities. Future studies should compare military
housing model and public housing to determine which is more successful and why. Although

The War Powers Act of 1973 Essay
The War Powers Act of 1973 The War Powers Act limits the power of the President of the United
States to wage war without the approval of the Congress. The War Powers Act is also known as The
War Powers Resolution. The purpose of the War Powers Resolution is to ensure that Congress and
the President share in making decisions that may get the United States involved in hostilities. It
prohibits the President from waging war beyond 60 days without the Congressional approval
(MILNET: The War Powers Act of 1973). Authorization can be made in many forms such as a
temporary waiver of the Act or via a Declaration of War (MILNET: The War Powers Act of 1973).
Under the Constitution, war powers are divided. Congress has the power to declare ... Show more
It requires the President in every possible instance to consult with Congress before introducing
American armed forces into hostilities or imminent hostilities unless there has been a declaration of
war or other specific congressional authorization (The War Powers Act of 1973). Claremont
Education It also requires the President to report to Congress any introduction of forces into
hostilities or imminent hostilities, Section 4(a)(1); into foreign territory while equipped for combat,
Section 4(a)(2); or in numbers which substantially enlarge U.S. forces equipped for combat already
in a foreign nation, Section 4(a)(3) (War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance). Once a
report is submitted ¡°or required to be submitted¡± under Section 4(a) (1), Congress must authorize
the use of forces within 60 to 90 days or the forces must be withdrawn. It is important to note that
since the War Powers Resolution enactment, over President Nixon¡¯s veto in 1973, every President
has taken the position that it is an unconstitutional infringement by the Congress on the President¡¯s
authority as Commander in Chief (War Powers Resolution: Presidential Compliance). Presidents
have submitted 118 reports to Congress as a result of the War Powers Resolution, although only one
(the Mayaguez situation) cited Section 4(a) (1)

ssd4 mod 1
4. Which of the following is defined as military power that can contribute to the resolution of this
form of warfare, but is not decisive? irregular warfare
5. How many levels down must the commanders intent be easy to remember and clearly
understood? two 6. counterdrug activities are part of which operational theme? peace time
intervention
7. the minimize injection–site discomfort, not mare than how many vaccine injections will be given
on the same day? five 11. prior to deployment, one of the responsibilities of the unit leaders to assist
the fst is to reinforce command emphasis regarding which of the following requirements?
immunizations, prophylaxis, pretreatments
12. the president of the united states and what other cabinet member ... Show more content on
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(not range control)rc–env
1. a cmetl normally focuses unit training in what arforgen phase? train phase
2. show of force and elimination of weapons of mass destruction are in which operational theme?
limited intervention (not major combat operations)
3. successful major combat operations defeats or destory's the enemys armed forces, and which of
the following? restore peace
6. which of the following tasks dervies from a detailed analysis of the higher headquarters order, the
enemy situation and coa's, and the terrain? specified tasks
7. for which of the following army functional proponets is preventive medicine considered one of
the functional areas of army health care delivery? surgean general
8. who designates the administering of the anthrax immunization based upon personnel serving in
particular geographical areas or in specific operational roles ? services, chairman of the joint chiefs,
or the office of the secretary of defense
9. all soldiers in the unit will receive annual dental examinations. the unit (or its supporting
personnel activity) will–establish procedures to deal with soldiers who are classified as which of the
following ? class 3 patients 11. what is the minimum personnel requirements for the fst? 3–one nco;
one medic; one enlisted soldier mos irrelevant
20. which government agency sponsors electronic questionnaires for investigation? centeral
clearance and security services (not defense security service)
24. what official database

Presidential Powers and the Constitution
R...... Supreme Court Essay #1 10/31/14 Since the American Revolution and the creation of a new
nation under a written Constitution, the Framers of the United States had a vision of a republic that
shared the balance of governance within a three branch system; each designed to organize a balance
of power whereby Constitutional division of powers provide each branch the means to frustrate the
goals favored by a single branch; in an attempt to promote interbranch cooperation. The Framers
had extreme distrust in a large national government and especially in the case of executive power
due to the events that led to the Revolutionary War. However, by the time ... Show more content on
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The third action is when the President "takes measures incompatible with the expressed or implied
will of Congress, his power is at its lowest ebb, for then he can rely only upon his own
Constitutional powers", at this level the Presidents actions must be strongly scrutinized under the
Constitution. The Youngstown case and the argument made by Justice Jackson clearly state the
Presidential power over military action through executive prerogative. The Supreme Court has
repeatedly held that the President, when necessary not only has the right but has an obligation to
protect the peace of the United States and its citizens, as well as take care that the laws, and policy
be faithfully executed under the Constitution. The Prize Cases (1863) laid the basis for the
Presidents authorization to employ military action to allow for the execution of law. Lincoln claimed
during the Civil War that the war power was his for the purpose of suppressing a rebellion, the Prize
Cases decision agreed with Lincoln's action. The Prize Cases were more recently used as precedent
in Hamdi v Rumsfeld (2004), where Justice Thomas stated "The power to protect the nation ought to
exist without limitation because it is impossible to foresee or define the extent and variety of
national exigencies, or the correspondent extent and variety of the means which may be necessary to
satisfy them", Thomas continued in saying, "Congress cannot anticipate and legislate with regard

Mp Case Study
The Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle was not deployed using a rapid acquisition
process which delayed fielding of MRAPs and should not be repeated for critical needs. Three
primary processes drive the current Department of Defense (DoD) Major Defense Acquisition
Programs. They are requirements, acquisition, and funding. The requirements approval process
within the existing Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) was the greatest
factor in the MRAP delay. The MRAP is a v–shaped hull vehicle designed early 1960s with
additional armor to protect against surface mines and explosives. The elevated chassis and v–shaped
hull cause the blast to disperse away from the vehicle protecting the crew. The United ... Show more
There is less time to validate the requirement and determine if there are better alternatives to achieve
the same capability. The current JCIDS process focuses typically on future requirements so rapid
acquisition programs are disruptive of future acquisition programs. Separate approval, acquisition,
and funding processes are required to specifically address current joint urgent operational needs, and
funding is limited and restricted for rapid acquisition programs. Between the time initial MRAP tests
were conducted and the initial approval in 2006, the military was transitioning away from the
original Requirements Generation System (RGS) to the current JCIDS. Requirements from the field
through each service branch drove the RGS process resulting in standalone solutions to specific
threats often not considering non–material alternatives. "JCIDS provides systematic, integrated and
interoperable material and non–material solutions to capability needs." JCIDS determines
requirements from the top and develops joint solutions with long term sustainment plans. The JROC
is the final approving authority within JCIDS before passing the requirement to the acquisition
process. During this transition the JROC membership remained unchanged but they did change from
last to first approving authority in the major defense acquisition program process. This

Homeland Security Research Paper
Homeland Security The framework for managing and leading a security will lead efforts to achieve
a safe, secure, and resilient homeland (Storm 1998). Homeland security encounters terrorism and
enhances our security; secure and manage our borders; enforce and administer our immigration
laws; protect cyber networks and critical infrastructure; and ensure resilience from disasters (Foxell
2009). Homeland Security will accomplish strengthening both the Department of Homeland
Security and the homeland security enterprise.
The Department of Homeland Security is tasked with the eradication of terrorist entering our borers.
One means is to secure the U. S. borders and enforce immigration. The Department of Defense is
utilized alongside the Department of Homeland Security to carry out the over encompassing task of
border security (Security 2010). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Homeland defense can be explained such as a sport and the defensive line. The team that does not
have the ball is going to protect their goal with any strategy possible. The same can be said
regarding the United States Homeland Defense, the government both in a private and public aspect
are working to defend their property both at home and overseas.
Own Definition of Homeland Security Homeland Security in my opinion is the encompassing task
by the United States to protect its citizens and remain true to the Constitution and the way of life it
guarantees. Fatherland Security is a large umbrella that encompasses both defensive and offensive
measures to maintain the expected way of life for United States citizens both at home and abroad.
Question 2: Assess the critical infrastructure protection programs of the United

The Effects Of Military Involvement On U.s.
Introduction
Since the need has been established to justly acknowledge the requisite to take into account
preparations and responses to hazards and the correlational effects, the realization of governmental
assistance became apparent. Due to the ever demanding scenarios, and the requirement of
specialized skill and personnel, the United States Military would ultimately play a role during such
occurrences on United States soil. Although there are Federal, State, and local authorities whom
have a primary purpose of planning for such events, the need of additional assistance during certain
situations is inevitable.
Until certain pieces of legislation were formed, the authorized scope of military involvement on
U.S. soil in a post disaster area was somewhat obscure. Situations as such created issues regarding
personnel, equipment, regulation, and the ever present issue of monetary cost and reimbursement.
Once FEMA was legally formed into a federal entity, these issues could be more accurately
accounted for with such pieces of legislation and regulations as the Stafford Act, the Immediate
Response Authority, Defense Support to Civil Authorities, and although put into law decades before
the previously noted, the Posse Comitatus Act. All of these alterations were tested out in the field,
ultimately showing several complications and alterations that were necessary to respond and recover
in a more effective manner.
Although controversy exists, generally Military assistance comes

NDAA Pros And Cons
The United States has and are doing everything they can to ensure our safety and safety of the
nation. One thing they have done is pass the National Defense Administration Act (NDAA). NDAA
is a federal law specifying the budget and expenditures of the United States Department of Defense
(DOD). This act was passed by the Senate placing domestic terror investigations into the hands of
the military. NDAA is designed to ensure the safety of its citizens one way they are taking care of
their citizens is by taking care of their warfighter and the warfighters family 'The NDAA provides
our warfighters and their families with the care and support they need, deserve, and have earned.'
But besides that it also takes the right of people away. This is

The United States Code ( U.s. )
The United States Code (U.S.C.) "establishes and governs the form, function, duties, and
responsibilities of the US Government". The foundational to US National Security and foreign
relations are based on the three titles in the U.S.C, namely, Title 10, Title 22, and Title 50; which
"govern US Armed Forces, the Department of State, public diplomacy efforts, and national defense"
(American Security Project, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S.
law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the Central Intelligence Agency
"to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence to assist the President and senior
US government policymakers in making decisions relating to national security" (Central Intelligence
Agency (2013). This intelligence law help to define the roles of policymakers, (Executive Branch
oversight, and Congressional oversight) while making decisions relating to national security; and
also defined the scope and functions of intelligence community. For instance, the President who is
the head of the executive branch and commander in chief has the authority to direct military
operations and intelligence activities against external threats resides in his Constitutional executive
and commander–in–chief powers (Wall, 2011).
However, Congress has an oversight power over the president intelligence collection power and
activities. Article I, Section 8, paragraph 18 of the United States constitution and

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act has been pursued by government agencies recently as the SEC,
the FBI, and Department of Justice are cracking down on international business corruption.
Companies are working harder at expanding economically in the market by doing business with
individuals and other companies in foreign countries. Foreign countries are not always in
compliance with US laws and regulations, causing US companies who deal with them issues with
compliance on the home front. Because of these ongoing issues congress decided to introduce the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and to prosecute foreign companies for corrupt activities within the
United States. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a federal law that was amended in 1977, ...
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Evidence of bribery or erroneous accounting is enough proof for the government to file a case
against an individual or company regardless of intent, under the FCPA laws (Clayton, 2011). There
are three types of improper violations for the anti–bribery provision and they include: the issuer,
domestic concern, the foreign national and businesses. The issuers are the ones that are registered in
the US or are required to file Security and Exchange Commission. Domestic concern is any person
or business that has their place of business in the US or is under the US law. Lastly, the foreign
nationals and business in which deals with corrupt payments that are made in the United States,
there are also the third parties and agents that are as well included and have the same conditions
apply to them as they do to the issuer, domestic concern, and the foreign national and businesses.
The second provision that is involved with the FCPA is the Accounting provision and that consist of
contracts enforcing Securities and Exchange Commission. The SEC enforces the Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act (FCPA) by bringing the civil actions against the issuers and their officers, directors,
employees, and agents. FCPA has two accounting requirements that are recordkeeping and internal
controls. The recordkeeping is there to ensure that the books, records, and accounts are held at the
standards of what the company should be at. This is designed to cover business

National Defense Authorization Act Essay
The National Defense Authorization Act, also known as NDAA, is a federal law established in the
United States that manages and specifies the budgets and expenses of the United States Department
of Defense. On December 31, 2011, President Barack Obama signed the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012. This bill will address the United States' national security
programs, combat terrorism, it will increase the pay and health care to our service men and women.
The dark side of this bill lies in the sections 1021–1022. This section of the bill states that any
individual, including American citizen that is suspected of terrorism will be incarcerated in an
undisclosed location without any trial or court hearing by the U.S. military. This bill caused the
Hedges v. Obama lawsuit in 2013. This lawsuit, which was filed by Christopher Hedges, a New
York Times reporter, challenged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The bill gave the government the power to survey and spy on civilians. Supposedly, this would help
the United States' government fight terrorism and enhance national security. This bill is an extension
of the Patriot Act, which grants the department of National Security Agency to spy our
communication through intelligent devices. Before the bill was passed a man called Edward Joseph
Snowden released multiple top secret information about NSA spying activities. Snowden was an
employee at the National Security Agency, which was where he collected all the surveillance
information before fleeing to Hong Kong. There, he met with various journalist and spread
documents he collected while working for the NSA. His actions has been praised by many civilians
but also frown upon. Some believe that he is a hero because he exposed how corrupt the government
is but others believe that he compromised the security of the United

Is Indefinite Detention Of Terror Suspects Justified?
"Is Indefinite Detention of Terror Suspects Justified?" It is against human rights to detain and place
possible terror suspects in detention centers without a trail. In America, everyone has a right to a fair
trial even if a suspect could potentially pose a threat to our country. It is in violation to the Fifth
Amendment and the essence of American due process and the rule of law. It is also going against
what our Founding Fathers originally acclaimed our rights were. I find it unethical and is
unconstitutional to have terror suspects detained without a trail. On January 7, 2011, President
Barack Obama signed the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012 into law; the
indefinite detention without trial of terrorist suspects, even for U.S. citizens seized on American soil.
Justin Amash said, "The frightening thing here is that the government is claiming the power under
the Afghanistan authorization for use of military force as a justification for entering American
homes to grab people, indefinitely detain them and not give them a charge or trial." (House Passes
Defense Bill). No one should be aloud to have the power to say a person should be indefinitely
detained without charge or trial because they could cause danger to other people. Conservatives are
worried that this bill will liberate power for the federal government, to have American citizens
detained indefinitely if they are connected to terrorism even if they only contributed once to the
group.

Preventing Delayss In The Aftermath Of Hurricane Katrina
Running head: PREVENTING DELAYS IN THE AFTERMATH OF KATRINA 1
Preventing Delays as seen in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina through the Education of State and
Federal Officials on Laws and Regulations Regarding the Use of Military Forces
Clinton D. Bayoneta
Master Leader Course
PREVENTING DELAYS IN THE AFTERMATH OF KATRINA 2
Preventing Delays as seen in the Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina through the Education of State and
Federal Officials on Laws and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
PREVENTING DELAYS IN THE AFTERMATH OF KATRINA 3
The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 Following the defeat of the Confederacy during the U.S. Civil
War, the Union Army occupied the South, known as the Reconstruction period. Tensions were high
as the North attempted to restore order and bring the southern states back into the fold. During the
presidential election of 1876, federal troops actively patrolled and monitored polling sites
throughout the South and many thought that their presence intimated Southern voters and swayed
the election (Spak et al., 2004). In response, the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 was enacted,
prohibiting U.S. military personnel from direct participation in law enforcement activities
(Matthews, 2014). While the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 prevents the U.S. military from
conducting law enforcement activities, it does not mention any constraints on the National Guard.
The Utilization of the National Guard for Domestic Response
The National Guard is subject to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, which places them under
state control and authorizes them to enforce laws upon the request of the governor (Spak et al.,
2004).

Defense Intelligence Agency: Are They Redundant?
American Military University
Defense Intelligence Agency: Are they Redundant?
Reinaldo Ortiz
Intelligence 301
Professor Robert Bier
September 7, 2014
Introduction The Defense Intelligence Agency is headquartered in Washington, D.C. on Joint Base
Anacostia–Bolling, with major operational activities at the Pentagon, at each Unified Combatant
Command, as well as in more than a hundred U.S. Embassies around the world, where it deploys
alongside other government partners (i.e. Central Intelligence Agency) and also operates the U.S.
Defense Attaché Offices. Due to DIA's designation as a combat support agency, the agency has
special responsibilities in meeting intelligence requirements specifically for the Secretary of
Defense and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We deploy globally alongside war fighters and interagency partners to defend America's national
security interests." [4] The Defense Intelligence Agency is always represented no matter where the
military presence is located. They work side by side with military soldiers ensuring assisting with
analysis and helping soldiers out in any way they are able to help out. The agency is often confused
with law enforcement agencies, but they are not the only agencies this occurs too. Other foreign
intelligence organizations have the same issue as well. The Department of Defense (DoD) who is
over the Defense Intelligence Agency is in the public eye. Now that the public has much more
awareness of their existence, the friction between the organizations is more prominently. "Defense
Intelligence Agency is an all–source defense agency designed to prevent strategic surprise and
deliver a decision advantage to war fighters, defense planners, and policymakers." [5] The agency
has multiple roles they are responsible for. Some of those roles include collection and analysis of
defense–related foreign political, economic, industrial, geographic and medical and health
intelligence. [6] Being able to be aggressive during the collection process and being analytically
precise, it provides an advantage when making tough decisions for war fighters and the
policymakers. This will allow the counter intelligence to be aggressive as well. By counter
intelligence being aggressive policymakers along with the war fighters will be confident that the

right decisions are being made on time and producing results. This is a critical part for the soldiers
on the ground having to conduct these missions the Defense Intelligence Agency come up with and
believe

Gun Control Essay
Gun Control in the USA
The right to the ownership of a firearm is founded on the right to self–defense. Individuals have a
right to defend themselves from anyone who wishes to destroy their lives. The right to self–defense
is related to the right to life. It sounds ridiculous to provide the right to life yet there are no means to
protect the life. The opponents of gun ownership have been against this right to protect life from
danger. The paper will look at the moral right to own a gun and whether the Supreme Court judges
make the law by offering an interpretation on the application of the Constitution.
Moral Right to Own Guns
I hold a belief that individuals have a moral right to the ownership of a gun. However, the rights are
logically before the laws that are enacted by the state. Individuals have the right to take part in in
any activity unless there is a reason as to why they should not be allowed to do it (Huemer, 2017).
The person denying the rights has the task of proving that there is the reason for the existence of the
right. Likewise, the person seeking to have the right must proof that they are sufficiently fit to hold
custody of a gun.
Limits on the Type of Weaponry
Despite the right, I find that there should be a limit to the type of weaponry that people should be
allowed to own. Individuals should not be allowed to hold unusual weapons. The Second
Amendment has been made clear by a Supreme Court ruling on the type of weaponry that
individuals should carry. The

Executive Order For Military Operation Against Isil
MEMORANDUM From: Rich Strand, Chief of Staff, United States Army To: Honorable Ashton
Carter, Secretary of Defense Via: General Martin Dempsey, Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff Subject:
EXECUTIVE ORDER FOR MILITARY OPERATION AGAINST ISIL Introduction While
relatively unknown in its early years, the terrorist organization known as ISIL, or the Islamic State
of Iraq and the Levant, has steadily grown in size and risen in power since its inception in the late
1990's. With the recent instability in Iraq and the raging Syrian Civil War, the group has seized
control of a significant portion of the Levant region. By June 2014, the group declared their
expansive territory a Muslim caliphate and proclaimed themselves the Islamic ... Show more content
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Through the War Powers Resolution and Authorizations of Military Force, the President as
Commander in Chief may take action to combat ISIL. Recommendations as to appropriate and
effective courses of action will be presented and examined to determine the best course of action to
decisively eradicate the threat posed by the Islamic State. Need for an Executive Intervention The
need for executive action is clear, and based on straightforward principles. First, ISIL has proven to
be a credible threat on multiple fronts. Its unchecked expansion in Syria and Iraq has threatened the
sovereignty and integrity of these nations. It is a clear threat to not only to regional stability, but a
threat to our allies and partners Middle East and Europe. Perhaps most importantly, ISIL is a
credible threat to our homeland, having openly called for the killing of American citizens and
intimated attacks on American soil. The members of the organization have already brutally and
publically claimed the lives of four U.S. citizens: James Foley, Steven Sotloff, Abdul–Rahman Peter
Kassig, and Kayla Jean Mueller.2 In pursuit of their ideological vision of a muslim caliphate, the
group has violated a multitude of international laws and principles. The United Nations contends
that ISIL has committed human rights abuses and war crimes, with reports of forcible recruitment of
child soldiers, forced religious conversion, sexual slavery, rape and involuntary marriage,

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Contract Bundling
Introduction The Government is always looking to streamline the acquisition process the most
efficient and effective way to produce a system and or service. The most important piece of
streamlining the process is acquisition planning. Acquisition planning should begin as soon as the
"need is identified" and will help lead to the most appropriate requirement for the Government
(FAR, 7.101). One of those requirements could be bundling of a contract. Contract bundling can
provide benefits to the Government, however there are some disadvantage and concerns associate
with contract bundling and the impact it has on small business, as well as why contract is bundled.
What is Bundling To know the objective of "bundling" a requirement, the term bundling needs to be
define. To begin, bundling is a subset of consolidation. In accordance with (IAW) Federal
Acquisition Regulation (FAR) bundling is defined as "combining two or more existing requirements
for supplies or services, previously provided or performed under separate contracts (means a
contract that has been performed by one or more small business concerns or that was suitable for
award to one or more small business concerns), into a single solicitation for a single contract, a
multiple–award contract, or a task or delivery order that is likely to be unsuitable for award to a
small business concern due to–the diversity, size, or specialized nature of the elements, total dollar
value of the anticipate award, geographical

Analysis Of The National Defense Administration Act (NDAA)
"The precondition to freedom is security" (Rand Beers). Security has been the main focus since the
start the United States of America. From 9/11 where many say the U.S was tested to see how strong
of a nation it was. To many other terrorists attacks, including the Boston Marathon, the United States
had to have a plan to keep their boat afloat, a plan which many can call a "Survival plan". The
N.D.A.A, which is short for the National Defense Administration Act. The N.D.A.A is a bill that
authorizes appropriations for procurement for the Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Air Force, and
Defense–wide activities, as specified in the funding tables in Division D, Title XLI, of this Act.
(https://www.congress.gov/bill/113th–congress/house–bill/4435) ... Show more content on
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According to the 5th amendment of the United States Constitution, also known as "The law of the
Land" says that it protects people from being held for committing a crime unless they are properly
indicted, that they may not be tried twice for the same crime, and that you need not be forced to
testify against yourself. The 6th amendment says that it guarantees a speedy trial, an impartial jury,
and that the accused can confront witnesses against them, and that the accused must be allowed to
have a lawyer. Also, the 7th amendment says that it guarantees a jury trial in federal civil court
cases. This bill gives the permission to break these constitutional terms.
https://quizlet.com/23175042/amendments–explained–flash–cards/ To conclude, the National
Defense Administration Act is a bill that has a controversial side to it. Since 2011 it was tweaked a
bit implying that the president has the right to take anybody's constitutional rights by detaining them
without the Corpus habeas protection or fair trial. It also has many functions for example it funds
our protection which are the Army, Navy, etc. It ensures our safety as well as it breaks our
constitutional rights. Although, it protects us because it funds the military, it takes away our rights
by simply taking a person to jail without fair trial, which goes against the

Administrative Act Pros And Cons
The people's safety is a right and responsibility that should be met under any circumstances by the
government. Especially those who are fighting with their country to provide safety to its citizens.
The National Administrative Act performs this action. The N.D.A.A ensures our safety and the
safety of our nation in many ways and impacts constitutional rights.
The N.D.A.A makes sure the military is funded properly, pays the soldiers, and also provides
benefits for the military retirees. This bill gives authorization of the spending of money in military
needs. This act provides the equipment necessary for the military to be able to fight. "We need this
legislation because it provides the legal authority for our military to protect the homeland, pay our
soldiers, and provide benefits to military retirees"(Congressman, ... Show more content on
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Perhaps the most important constitutional obligation assigned to Congress by Article I, Section 8 is
to raise and support an Army, and provide and maintain a Navy." The act authorizes defense
spending for the year. When the act is vetoed, a large amount of money is provided to the military
retirement system. About $38 billion is provided in military spending for Overseas Contingency
Operations. This is money that is used to prepare the military.
Without the vetoing of this act, the safety of the people won't be guaranteed because the military
won't have sufficient funds. Terrorism is one of the most crucial actions that is occurring in our
current society. The military needs the equipment to fight against it."The Islamic State and Al–
Qaeda network are spreading throughout North Africa and the Middle East. Russia is threatening
our allies in Eastern Europe and expanding its alliance with Syria and

Northrop Grumman Case Study
Northrop Grumman as a PAC Northrop Grumman is a US based defense firm that produces many
US military's aircraft and drones. The company was founded in 1939 by Jack Northrop. The
company designed and built several planes during WWII including the P–61 Black Widow of which
over 700 were built. In 1962 Northrop introduced the F–5 Freedom Fighter, which is still used to
this day by the US Navy and several other foreign air forces. In 1994, the company purchased
fellow aerospace company Grumman to form Northrop Grumman. Today they produce and maintain
many US military aircraft, such as the F/A–18 Hornet, the A–10 Thunderbolt II, and the B–2 Spirit.
As a PAC, according to Northrop Grumman's website, their purpose is to educate elected officials as
to their business practices, enable their employees to support candidates, and provide "limited direct
corporate political contributions to national–level gubernatorial associations and is a member of
several trade associations which support its business objectives." They also engage in public policy
involving their fields such as aerospace and national defense. According to the Sunlight Foundation,
Northrop Grumman targeted a wide range of legislation, two major pieces ... Show more content on
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Of the 1.6 million dollars contributed by Northrop Grumman, 900 thousand dollars went to federal
candidates. 430 thousand dollars went to national parties, and 279 thousand dollars went to
committees. The rest was given to state and local elections. The largest contributions go to both the
Democratic and Republican Senatorial and Congressional campaign committees. These
contributions are used to finance campaigns in both parties race for seats in both Congress and the
Senate. In 2016, Northrop Grumman donated 60 thousand dollars to each of the committees. They
have donated as well to several high–profile individuals such as Tim Kaine, Luther Strange, and
Bob

Militarization Of The Police Is An Arising Public Concern
Militarization of the police is an arising public concern over the past recent years. Society has tried
to comprehend the concept of militarizing the police. The public is terrified of the idea of what
militarizing the police can mean for America. According to US Senator Elizabeth Warren "This is
America, not a war zone," she felt the need to express her thoughts because of the outrage that were
occurring in Ferguson. Citizens feels as though militarizing the police will cause more insecurities
and less confidence that were already so little in the police force. Media footage of events such as
Ferguson and Baltimore have negatively influence the public opinion on supporting militarization of
police. People believe police officers use ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The ACLU report examine the excessive force between the citizen and stated highlighted that there
has been an "increase militarization of police departments throughout the US since the war on
drugs" (Rucke 2014), they also stated that the police new form of militarizing has increasingly
treated the American people like they are the enemy of the state. Furthermore, there are other who
agree with the militarization of the police. Past events has cause others to believe that there need to
be balance between militarizing and community policing.
The ending result of the North Hollywood shooting in 1997 convince the police force why it was
pertinent to have military guns. The bank shooting wounded nearly half of the police officers and
they were all out gunned. The officers had to call the SWAT team as back up to disseminate the
situation. The media broadcasted the event live and the American citizens were able to get first hand
visual of an ongoing weapon battle. After the North Hollywood shooting "assault on police shocked
law enforcement across the country" (Mather 2017). Their fear caused an outrage to get more
deadlier weapons to protect themselves and to take matters into their own hands from the state. The
focus of this research paper is to gather data on the public perception of militarization of the police.
The purpose of this paper is to examine if there is a correlation between basic demographic
questions people opinions. The sample will be pulled from the

Title 10 Integration
The efficient integration of Title 10 and National Guard forces during domestic operations increases
the threshold of a state's capacity to respond to disasters or security requirements. Pre–event
preparation is required to achieve efficient integration. This preparation requires three critical
elements, building relationships, integrated planning and exercises. To successfully incorporate
federal forces during a response, states must develop positive relationships with key Title 10
partners during steady–state operations. Building upon these relationships, state and federal partners
conduct deliberate planning for the integration of Title 10 forces in a state response. Finally,
exercises validate plans and grow relationships. This paper describes ... Show more content on
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There are several large exercises simulating combined state and federal responses such as Vigilant
Guard and Ardent Sentry. Lessons learned from the Hurricane Sandy response indicate the
importance of exercises simulating a DSC response. These events provide critical training, however,
they are resource intensive. Additionally, they are cyclical with the opportunity to participate only
every few years. To augment large formal exercises, many states now conduct annual Title 10
synchronization meetings. In the Alabama version of this event, the DCO, DCE, Deputy DSC, JEC,
state–based Title 10 installations and JFHQ representatives give formal information briefs on their
functions. The event then transitions into a hurricane scenario table top exercise to ensure all the
participants understand the expectations during a DSC–led response. This interaction between the
state and Title 10 participants is critical. Additionally, the interaction between the Title 10
participants, which normally do not work together, greatly enhances the shared understanding of
effective state–federal integration. Regardless of the scale of the exercise, conducting exercises
together with state and Title 10 partners validates existing plans and strengthens

Financial Services Of Modernization Act Of 1999
The Gramm–Leach Bliley Act also likewise termed as The Financial Services of Modernization Act
of 1999 fundamental thought is that the obstructions among saving money, security and insurance
agencies were expelled and not permitted to offer financial services as a part of general operations.
It does not permit the combination of investment, commercial bank and an insurance company.
Summarize the main idea of BITS Shared Assessment Program
The BITS Shared Assessment Program is created by major money related partnerships to ingrain
speed, efficiency, cost savings, consistency and institutionalization into the administration supplier
assessment process. It discards redundancies which improve the security and gets things going in a
faster, less expensive and beneficial way.
The major financial organizations has made the BITS Shared Assessment Program to impart speed,
productivity, cost savings, consistency and institutionalization into the service provider assessment
process.
The BITS Shared Assessment Program is made by major money related organizations toingrain
speed, proficiency, cost investment funds, consistency and institutionalization into the service
provider assessment process. It eliminates redundancies which enhance the security andmakes
things happen in a faster, cheap and efficient way.
Government:
Summarize the main idea of the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002
The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 generally known as

Essay
I agree with Pacificus because the authority is given to the executive to preserve the peace in the
nation, yet Overall I agree with the idea that the president's power should not be limited for he is
representing the entire nation.
This debate demonstrates the certain cases will contradict the original meaning of the Constitution.
They are similar in that they agree that the The debates are different in that they disagree that the
President should not have the complete power to start war.
His argument echoes Madison's in that they agree that
His argument echoes Hamilton's in that they agree that the President has the authority and duty to at
given times take
Yes, I do agree with the opinion because I believe that the President ... Show more content on
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This case falls in the second category since the Executive acted without Congressional
authorization. I think Justice Jackson would have decided that President Carter did have the right to
take the action that he did because it was a necessary action required by the President for the
determination of the foreign policy debate.
No, it is not unconstitutional because the President has the authority to use military for the defense
of the nation, specific constitutional approval, and in emergency matters and the President has some
type of approval.
Yes, it is unconstitutional because the President only has the authority to use military for the defense
of the nation, specific constitutional approval, and in emergency matters and needs some type of
congressional approval.
Yes, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution constitutionally authorize that the President take necessary
decisions and steps for defense assistance and to engage in hostilities in Vietnam.
The 2001 AUMF authorizes the use of armed force when being attacked by enemies as self–defense
or prevention. The countries that the President can use force against are the countries responsible for
the September 11, 2001 attack. The countries are al–Qaida, Taliban and associated nations. The
authorization does not have an end date; it is meant to until there is no longer a threat to the national
security of the United States.

It is a good and acceptable thing because it is The

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to Reduce Violations
Many companies are trying to expand economically in the market by doing business with an
individual or another company in foreign countries. These businesses are engaging in into using
improper ways of payments that are leading to secret bribes to the foreign public officials. Foreign
countries are not always in compliance with the laws and they tend not to follow them. Having these
problems with the US and all the millions of dollars that have been passed they wanted to take a
more affirmative approach and be able to correct the problem. That is when congress decided to
introduce the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to prosecute foreign companies for corrupt payments
within the United States. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act is a federal ... Show more content on
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Each of these jurisdictions works together to keep aspects of FCPA from being violated. This law is
not always prohibiting all payments to the foreign officials. The FCPA has an exception for anti–
bribery prohibitions and that is called " routine government action." This exception is also given the
names "facilitating" or " grease payment." The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act defines this "routine
government action" as for a foreign official to perform in obtaining permits, licenses, or other
official documents that enable then to do business in that country, processing government papers
such as visa and work orders, protection services and conducting inspections, and anything that has
similar nature (6). The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) has two affirmative defenses and they
consist of assertion that payment in question was lawful under the laws of the foreign country, and
the assertion that the payment was valued a bona fide expenditure (6). This affirmative defense is
aimed to be for the issuer, domestic concern, or other person. In this affirmative defense there must
be some type of written law authorizing or supporting the payment. The penalties for violating the
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act are different from the provision that they fall under. For an individual
and it is from the anti bribery

The Fight For The National Defense Authorization Act
Senator Joe Donnelly, a democrat from Indiana, has been at the forefront for the fight to pass these
policies: he also wrote them. He had one son commit suicide and another killed by a bomb while in
Iraq. His latest crusade is a three–pronged "Service Member and Veterans Mental Health Care
Package" to add to the National Defense Authorization Act. It passed right after Thanksgiving after a
passionate speech from the Senator and focuses on the continuum of care for service members and
veterans.
The "Care Package" will certify practitioners as veteran–friendly, with a focus on local providers,
DoD providers, and training of psychiatric–specialized physician assistants. One, the Community
Provider Readiness Recognition Act will also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These various stakeholders are all concerned about the same thing: the health and well–being of the
active duty service members, reservists, and veterans. This is especially true when U.S. soldiers and
veterans are unable to care for their own health due to mental illness. The existing landscape is a
flawed Veterans Affairs system that many are calling for a complete overhaul. There are programs in
place through the DoD that cause a "healthy soldier effect" in currently serving active duty and
reservists, but this is not enough to cause a "healthy soldier effect" once they become veterans. The
advantage to forming policy for veterans is to play off the current infrastructure, but the
disadvantage is that the infrastructure is in dire need of assistance.
ALTERNATIVES
In the literature and research, there are many alternatives suggested to address the problem of young
veteran suicide. These alternatives were analyzed by this researcher using relevant evaluation
criteria, including cost–effectiveness, efficacy, and viability from an operational, economic, and
political viewpoint. Mainly, the most–effective alternative was the one with the least cost and most
likely successful implementation in terms of robustness and improvability. Policy Scenario one is to
change the income tax budget to increase veteran health benefits spending, with a focus on mental
health. This is highly unlikely to pass

The Use Of Paramilitary Tactics Within The Police Force
Recently we have seen the events of Ferguson, Missouri unfold and it has brought into question the
validity of the United States use of paramilitary tactics within the police force. While I will be
primarily focusing on Furgeson to grant an easy visual aid to the situation, the true nature of
paramilitary tactics is way beyond one incident. First we must look at what paramilitary police
action is and what has given them the ability to use such tactics. Then we must look at how the
decisions revolving around the allowance of police to use such force, and the instances where they
were used have affected society.
SWAT teams have been popping up in towns since the 1960's, but SWAT procedure has been
extended to lesser trained peoples within ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Keep in mind this is only in town populations between 25,000 and 50,000. (Balko, Rise of the
Warrior Cop) There are now about 50,000 SWAT raids in the United States a year, which comes out
to roughly 137 raids a day. (Cops or Soldiers?) The United States National Security budget currently
stands at 1.2 trillion. Since the enactment of the 1033 program of 1997 there has been $5.1 billion
worth of transferred property. (Defense Logistics Agency) On top of that, Homeland Security has
given grants eight times as much, marking the $41 billion mark since 2002 in response to terrorism.
However, the equipment has no specific use and can be used at the disposal of the grantees.
(Billion–dollar industry) U.S. senator Rand Paul, stated that Washington "has incentivized the
militarization of local police precincts by using federal dollars to help municipal governments build
what are essentially small armies". ("Race Plays Part in US Police Actions: Paul.)
Now, to put this in perspective we need to look at the recent events of Ferguson, Missouri. 18–year–
old Michael Brown was shot six times and killed by police officer Darren Wilson. The shooting
sparked civil unrest in the community and resulted in protests, rioting, vandalism, and other such
responses. In reaction to the social outcry and protest response, the police force took to militarized
procedure to contain the civilians. On August 11, 2014 the local police stations outfitted

Department Of Defense In The Military
Department of Defense: gives the military qualities anticipated that would upset war, and to
guarantee the security of the United States. The Department of Defense is America's most prepared
and greatest government office. With our military after its roots back to pre–Revolutionary times,
the Department of Defense has created and progressed with our nation.
Department of Homeland Security: is a prompt outgrowth of the terrorist strikes on September 11,
2001, which highlighted America's weakness to terrorism. In spite of the way that the workplace is
blamed for guaranteeing the "nation" and is in this way unmistakable from the military, which
secures abroad, the Department of Homeland Security later devoured the US Coast Guard, which
heretofore

Free Exercise Clause Analysis
Although the PROTECT–US Act of 2017 is brought together under good intentions, there is a line
in which the provisions have crossed. Section one prohibits any person from Syria or Saudi Arabia
from entering the United States unless the President personally approves of entry in writing. Under
the PROTECT–US Act of 2017 section two prohibits the wearing of a burqa, except in a private
residence. This section violates the 1st amendment, under the 1st amendment, it clarifies freedom of
speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition. By prohibiting women the right to wear a burqa it
denotes Although section two violates the first amendment, the Free Exercise Clause protects
citizens' right to practice their religion. As long as the practice

Federal Cloud Compliance Program (Fedrap)
A. INTRODUCTION
Federal organizations are moving their services to the cloud to minimize their software and
infrastructure footprint and to save money, time, and resources. As cloud service providers (CSPs)
are becoming prevalent, we must analyze the security of these services to ensure compliance with
standards and laws that protect customers, citizens, and information. Therefore, this paper analyzes a
new federal cloud compliance program called the Federal Risk and Authorization Management
Program (FedRAMP). This paper also establishes that FedRAMP can indirectly aid federal
government organizations to be compliant with the following laws: Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA); the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA); the
International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR); and the Payment Card Industry Data Security
Standard (PCI DSS). This paper will briefly explain these four laws and cloud computing
discussions regarding these laws. This paper will also explain FedRAMP and the way it can help
federal organizations to be complaint with these laws.
B. HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT OF 1996 (HIPAA)
HIPAA was originally established in 1996 to mandate the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) to establish national standards for the transfer of electronic medical records with the
intent to facilitate transferring of medical records; it applies to health plans, health care
clearinghouses, and health

Kraska Militarization And Policing
The 1970's the United States signaled a pivotal shift for a " just deserts," philosophy to model their
criminal justice system. With increase punishment for individuals, thousands of prisons were built in
order to cope with the rising number of inmates. With the adoption of a punishment oriented
philosophy, " the war on drugs," emerged as the nation's solution to deter drug use and drug related
crimes. Changes in the criminal justice system produce policy spillover into other branches like
prisons, police, and even drug enforcement ; the " war on drugs," and stop and frisk are examples of
this policy spillover. The crack epidemic in the 1980's ( approximately 10 years after the start of the
" war on drugs,") only further prompted politicians ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To combat the fire power of gangs and drug dealers, police departments changed their policing
tactics, police departments improved their weapons, cars, and overall inventory to deal with the
dangers of persecuting drugs. Although this " better safe than sorry," approach might seem
justifiable in theory, in practice , it promotes and defends excessive policing since it relies excessive
force is the solution to drug crimes. Furthermore, in practice, the targets were inhabited poor and
minority communities since these were perceived as the locations were drug trafficking

The Uas Control Segment Architecture (Ucs) Is A System
The UAS Control Segment Architecture (UCS) is a system interface originally focused on
developing interoperability software for UAS ground control stations (Department of Defense,
2013). UCS standards have expanded beyond the original intent of a common open architecture for
UAS greater than 20 pounds; the maritime Program Executive Office (PEO) is exploring USC in
many of its unmanned platforms (Department of Defense, 2013). UCS is able to eliminate the "stove
pipe" acquisition process with the adoption of common standards for the ground control segments
which provides interoperability as well as reducing life cycle costs (Blais, 2016). UCS
interoperability addresses the following:
1. How things relate to one another.
2. Functional ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal of JCUA is to provide a reference baseline system so as to compare it to other open
architectures and find differences in standards, terminology, and content (Blais, 2016). JCUA is that
standard that open systems can be measured against; the JCUA facilitates analysis of programs for
interoperability (Department of Defense, 2013). One example is terminologies, if like components
and functions are not consistently labeled across architectures it becomes difficult to determine
where they are alike or different (Gonzales & Harting 2014). As C. Blais points out in the report
"Unmanned Systems Interoperability Standards" (2016), all DOD Programs of Record (POR) are
required to comply with the Net Ready Key Performance Parameter (NRKPP) (Blais, 2016).
Net ready key performance parameter. The DOD Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible to
ensure that all information technology is capable of interoperability in accordance with federal law;
this includes UAS (Koester, Williams, Powers, & Vincent, 2010). Therefore, information technology
must be evaluated for interoperability compliance, the evaluation tool is the NRKPP (Koester et al.,
2010). UAS must be capable of net–centric military operations; they must be able to enter the
network, be managed securely and effectively within that network, capable of data exchange and
interoperability (Koester et al., 2010). JCAU supports DOD initiatives

Controversy Over The National Defense Authorization Act

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