Cilium - Network security for microservices
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The document discusses how BPF and XDP are revolutionizing network security and performance for microservices. BPF allows profiling, tracing, and running programs at the network driver level. It also enables highly performant networking functions like DDoS mitigation using XDP. Cilium uses BPF to provide layer 3-7 network security for microservices with policies based on endpoints, identities, and HTTP protocols. It integrates with Kubernetes to define network policies and secure microservice communication and APIs using eBPF programs for filtering and proxying.
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Cilium - Network security for microservices
- 1. Cilium L7 Aware Network Security for Microservices using BPF & XDP Thomas Graf Covalent
- 2. BPF - The Superpowers inside Linux
- 4. BPF is revolutionizing… • Tracing / Profiling
- 5. BPF Revolution #1: Tracing / Profiling bcc – Tools for BPF-based Linux IO analysis, networking, monitoring, and more
- 6. BPF is revolutionizing… • Tracing / Profiling • Networking
- 7. BPF Revolution #2: XDP - DDoS mitigation Metric iptables / ipset XDP DDoS rate [packets/s] 11.6M 11.6M Drop rate [packets/s] 7.1M 11.6M Time to load rules [time] 3 min 20 sec 31 sec Latency under load [ms] 2.3ms 0.1ms Throughput under DDoS [Gbit/s] 0.014 6.5 Requests/s under DDoS [kReq/s] 0.28 82.8 Sender: Send 64B packets as fast as possible è Receiver: Drop as fast as possible Source: Daniel Borkmann’s presentation yesterday: http://schd.ws/hosted_files/ossna2017/da/BPFandXDP.pdf
- 8. Facebook published BPF/XDP numbers for L3/L4 LB at Netdev 2.1 ECMP L7 LBL3/L4 LB App
- 9. Source: https://www.netdevconf.org/2.1/slides/apr6/zhou-netdev-xdp-2017.pdf Facebook published BPF/XDP numbers for L3/L4 LB at Netdev 2.1 BPF/XDP throughput IPVS throughput
- 10. BPF Revolution #2: XDP Running BPF programs at the Network driver level https://netdevconf.org/2.1/slides/apr7/miller-XDP-MythBusters.pdf Netdev 2.1 Keynote by David S. Miller
- 11. BPF Revolution #2: XDP Running BPF programs at the Network driver level https://netdevconf.org/2.1/slides/apr7/miller-XDP-MythBusters.pdf Netdev 2.1 Keynote by David S. Miller
- 12. BPF is revolutionizing… • Tracing / Profiling • Networking • Security
- 13. Source: https://lwn.net/Articles/703876/ BPF Revolution #3: Security
- 14. Network Security for Microservices using BPF
- 15. Application Architectures Delivery Frequency Operational Complexity Single Server App Yearly Low Evolution of Application Design & Delivery Frequency
- 16. Application Architectures Delivery Frequency Operational Complexity Single Server App Yearly Low 3-Tier App Monthly Moderate Evolution of Application Design & Delivery Frequency
- 17. Application Architectures Delivery Frequency Operational Complexity Single Server App Yearly Low Distributed Microservices 10-100 x’s / day Extreme 3-Tier App Monthly Moderate Evolution of Application Design & Delivery Frequency
- 18. Network Security has barely evolved $ iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -s 15.15.15.3 --dport 80 -m conntrack --ctstate NEW -j ACCEPT The world still runs on iptables matching IPs and ports:
- 19. Your HTTP ports be like …
- 20. Network Security for Microservices Gordon the intern has a brilliant idea…
- 21. Gordon wants to build a service to tweet out all job offerings. We’re Hiring! Tweet Service
- 22. GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API GET /jobs/{id} Jobs API Service Tweet Service The Jobs API service has all the data Gordon needs.
- 23. GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API GET /jobs/331 GET /jobs/{id} Jobs API Service Tweet Service Gordon uses the GET /jobs/ API call
- 24. GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API GET /jobs/331 GET /jobs/{id} TLS Jobs API Service Tweet Service Developer etiquette. Super simple stuff. Gordon uses mutual TLS Auth Good thinking Gordon
- 25. L3/L4 GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API GET /jobs/331 The security team has L3/L4 network security in place for all services GET /jobs/{id} Jobs API Service Tweet Service TLS iptables -s 10.1.1.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
- 26. Jobs API Service L3/L4 GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API exposed exposed exposed GET /jobs/331 Large parts of the API are still exposed unnecessarily Tweet Service GET /jobs/{id} TLS iptables -s 10.1.1.1 -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
- 28. GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API GET /jobs/331 Back to the drawing board… GET /jobs/{id} TLS Jobs API Service Tweet Service
- 29. L3/L4 GET /healthz GET /jobs/{id} GET /applicants/{job-id} POST /jobs API GET /jobs/331 Least privilege security for microservices GET /jobs/{id} FROM “TurtleTweets” ALLOW “GET /jobs/” TLS Jobs API Service Tweet Service
- 30. We demand a demo
- 39. Should I encapsulate or not? Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Mode I: Overlay Name NodeIP Node CIDR Node 1 192.168.10.1 10.0.1.0/24 Node 2 192.168.10.8 10.0.2.0/24 Node 3 192.168.10.9 10.0.3.0/24 Kubernetes Node resources table: Installation Run the kube-controller- manager with the --allocate- node-cidrs option
- 40. Should I encapsulate or not? Mode I: Overlay Mode II: Native Routing Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 L3 Network Use case: • Run your own routing daemon • Use the cloud provider’s router Use case: • Simple • “Just works” on Kubernetes Node 1 Node 2 Node 3
- 41. L3 Policy (Labels Based) Metadata Allow from pods Pods the policy applies to… From Pod To Pod
- 42. L3 Policy (CIDR) Metadata Allow to IP 8.8.8.8/32 Pods the policy applies to… To CIDR From Pod
- 43. L4 Policy Metadata Policy applies to pods … Allow incoming on port 80 Pod To Port
- 44. L7 Policy – Only allow “GET /v1/” L4 Policy Rule 1: Allow “GET /v/1” Rule 2: Allow PUT If header is set Allowed API Calls
- 45. How are these policies enforced?
- 46. How are these policies enforced? • L3 & L4: BPF in the kernel
- 47. How are these policies enforced? • L3 & L4: BPF in the kernel • L7: Sidecar proxy or KProxy / BPF
- 48. Node 2Node 1 ServiceService HTTP Request What is a sidecar proxy?
- 49. Node 1 Service Sidecar Proxy What is a sidecar proxy? Node 2 Service Sidecar Proxy
- 50. Node 1 Service Sidecar Proxy What is a sidecar proxy? Node 2 Service Sidecar Proxy
- 51. Node 2Node 1 ServiceService HTTP RequestSidecar Proxy Sidecar Proxy What is a sidecar proxy?
- 52. Node 2Node 1 ServiceService HTTP RequestSidecar Proxy Sidecar Proxy What is a sidecar proxy? Provides L7 functionality • Routing / Load balancing • Retries • Circuit breaking • Metrics More info? Google is your friend “sidecar” / “services mesh”
- 53. Node 2Node 1 Service Operating System Service Network Sidecar Proxy Sidecar Proxy Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP • 3x Socket memory requirement • 3x TCP/IP stack traversals • 3x Context switches • Complexity Networking Path with a Sidecar Network
- 55. Node 2Node 1 Task Operating System Kernel Proxy Task Network Socket KProxy with BPF TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP KProxy with BPF kTLS kTLS Sidecar Proxy Sidecar Proxy Network
- 56. Socket Redirect Task Socket Socket Task TCP/IP TCP/IP Loopback
- 57. Socket Redirect Task Socket Socket Task TCP/IP TCP/IP Loopback
- 58. Socket Redirect – Performance?
- 59. Node 2Node 1 Service Operating System Service Network Sidecar Proxy Sidecar Proxy Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP Socket TCP/IP The Before and After Network
- 60. Node 1 Node 2 Service Operating System Service Network Socket TCP/IP The Before and After KProxy Socket TCP/IP KProxy Network
- 61. Cilium Summary • Kubernetes, Mesos, Docker • CNI / libnetwork • Networking: Overlay or Native Routing • Network Security (ingress/egress) • L3 (Identity or CIDR), L4 • L7: HTTP (0.11), gRPC (0.12), Mongo (0.12) • Load Balancing (XDP / BPF) • Dependencies: kvstore (etcd / consul)
- 62. @ciliumproject http://github.com/cilium/cilium Thank You! Questions? Tutorial / Getting Started: http://cilium.io/try