The document discusses education in Pakistan, specifically focusing on Article 25-A of the Pakistani constitution which guarantees free and compulsory education for children ages 5 to 16. It provides context on the 18th amendment which introduced Article 25-A and devolved education governance to the provinces. However, the provinces have been slow to develop laws and mechanisms to enforce the right to education. As a result, there are currently over 25 million children in Pakistan who are out of school, more than half of whom are girls.

2. “(25) EQUALITY OF CITIZEN”
 1 All Citizen Are Equal Before Law And Are Entited To
Equal Protection Of Law.
 2 There Shall Br No Discrimination On The Basis Of
Sex.
 3 Nothing In This Article Shall Prevent The State From
Making Any Special Provision For The Protection Of
Women And Children.
ARTICLE 25-A CONSTITUION OF PAKISTAN

3. RIGHT TO EDUCATION (25-A)
“THE STATE SHALL PROVIDE FREE AND COMPULSORY EDUCATION
TO ALL CHILDREN OF THE AGE OF FIVE TO SIXTEEN YEARS IN SUCH
MANNER AS MAY BE DETERMINE BY LAW”.

4. , Article 25A included in constitution on April 19, 2012
Article 25-A which guarantees a free and compulsory education to all children
between the ages of 5 and 16, was introduced to the Constitution of Pakistan in
2010 as part of a package of substantive and wide-ranging Constitutional reform
enacted by means of the 18th Amendment.
Article 25-A qualifies the right to education through two conditions:
first, that education is free of cost;
and second,
that education is compulsory.
How a school is funded is not the subject of these
conditions; what Article 25-A requires is that access to education is free of cost
for any child between the age of 5 and 16. Article 25-A, which guarantees a free and compulsory
education to all children
between the ages of 5 and 16, was introduced to the Constitution of Pakistan in
2010 as part of a package of substantive and wide-ranging Constitutional reform
enacted by means of the 18th Amendment
ARTICLE 25-A

5. ISLAMABAD, April 8 ,Lower House of the Parliament, Thursday
the historic Constitution (18th amendment) bill, 2010, aimed at restoring the 1973
constitution in its original form.
as 292 members have voted in favor of the 18th Constitutional Amendment Bill 2010
The House passed the bill containing 102 clauses(50 PAGES).
Key Changes Introduced by 18th Constitutional Amendment in Education In terms of
education governance the 18 Constitutional Amendment Act 2010 has reconfigured the
federal and provincial relationship.
Free and Compulsory Education- Introduction of Article 25-A
, the provinces are responsible for
matters related to schooling in their jurisdictions
Removal of the Concurrent Legislative List- Delegation of Subjects to Provincial
Jurisdiction
Federation and provinces has been omitted. In context of education the two key entries
of concurrent
list which stand devolved to the provinces include:
Entry 38: Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence, standard of
education. &
Entry 39: Islamic Education
18 AMENDMENT

6. The new name of the NWFP is to be Khyber-Pakhtunkwa.
spellings of names of two other provinces were
changed from “Baluchistan” to “Balochestan” and “Sind” to “Sindh”
.
The 18th Amendment in the 1973 constitution combines in itself almost
100 amendments and it has affected 83 articles which are:
1,6.10,17,19,25.27,29,38,41,46,48,51,58,62,63,70,71,73,75,89,90,91,92,
99,100,101,104,105,112,116,122,129,130,131,132,139,140,142,143,144,
147,149,153,154,155,156,157,160,167,168,170,171,172,175,177,193,19
4,198,199,200,203,209,213,215,216,218,219,221,224,226,228,232,233,2
34,242,243,246,260,267,268,269,270.

7. . the provinces have been slow in developing the necessary laws and
mechanisms to enforce the right to education. It took three years for Sindh to
enact legislation on the subject, and four years for Balochistan and Punjab to do
the same, while Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) has yet to pass a law providing for
free and compulsory education. At this rate, Pakistan is unlikely to reach the
goal of 100% enrolment for decades to come.
the absence of reliable measures of ooSc adds to these political and legal
challenges: we do not know the scale of the problem to be solved. there is
no government agency or non-government entity that collects and publishes
rigorous, credible, consistent and reliable data on the state of education in
Pakistan. no single source covers the entire country, and none of the available
data sets include the range of data points necessary to enable an accurate
calculation of the number of ooSc in Pakistan.
a recent survey commissioned by
the provincial government reveals that private schools account for 48% of
enrolment at the primary level, while according to nEMIS and PSlMS this
figure is 43% and 39%,
RESULTS

8. Article 25-A does not specify whether the constitutional obligation to provide
free and compulsory education ends at high school (class 10) or includes
higher secondary schooling (classes 11 and 12).
national Education Management Information System (nEMIS)
Pakistan Social And living Standards Measurement Survey
(PSlMS)
Annual Status of Education report (ASEr)
Institute of Population Studies (nIPS).
23% CHILDREN ARE OUT OF SCHOOL
(ASER 2012)
Provincial and regional estimates for the number of ooSc are shown in table
2.8. In absolute terms, Punjab has the highest number of ooSc (13.1 million),
followed by Sindh (6.2 million). Even in the Islamabad capital territory (Ict), there
are 48,792 children out of school, which amounts to nearly one in six children in
the nation’s capital

10. Our analysis reveals that 25.02 million Pakistani children between the ages of 5 and
16 are deprived of their right to an education.
OUT OF the 25.02 million OOSC, more than half are girls.
The federal government’s National Plan of Action, presented in 2013, aims to achieve
91% net primary enrolment by 2016.
The establishment of the Punjab government’s
Programmed Monitoring and Implementation unit (PMIu) in 2003 has helped local
governments in that province focus on fixing tangible problems instead of trying to
solve large-scale macro issues that are difficult to monitor

12. DISTRIBUTION OF OOSC BY REGION

13. DISTRIBUTION OF OOSC BY GENDER

14. PERCENTAGE OF OOSC WITHIN VARIOUS INCOME
GROUPS

15. REASON FOR NOT ATTENDING SCHOOL

16. THERE ARE 25 MILLION CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
TODAY WHO ARE OUT OF SCHOOL.

18. EMAIL
TASNEEMKHOKHAR1280@GMAIL.COM

19. SOURCE