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Chapter 01: Introduction
Background of the Study:
Bangladesh is a country of young and competent people whose talent needs to be leveraged
for economic development. The challenge is to ensure they gain the skills that will equip
them for employment, meet the needs of employers and economic growth and thereby
utilize the demographic dividend .In the next five years, the working population is expected
to double, meaning that around 50 million people will need to be trained.
Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services (IT/ITES) as sector
would need to be a large part of this national mission on training and skill development
which would also meet the national aspiration to shift the share of contribution to GDP
growth to IT/ITES sector.
Under the LICT, to be implemented by BCC, two ambitious projects to train 10,000 IT and
science graduates for the IT sector and 20,000 non-IT and HSC graduates for the ITES sector
respectively over three years through a World Bank funded program have been envisaged.
I was authorized to prepare a report on “Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment &
Governance” for fulfilment of my MBA degree. This report has been prepared based on my
learning on training program on the day- to- day activities and under close supervision of my
honourable teacher, Dr. Leyaket Hossain Mahmood.
I have started my internship in the training program on March 06, 2016 and at the end of
the program I am submitting my internship report focusing on the contribution of the
Information Technology (IT) for the development of graduate in Bangladesh.
Objective of the Study:
The primary objectives of the project are to catalyse the growth of Bangladesh’s IT / ITES
industry for employment creation and export diversification. Some of the specific objectives
of the project are to develop skilled manpower for IT and ITES sector.
 To explore the knowledge of the deserving students with the interaction of
the potential international employers.
 To highlight the details of the training program, the process of maintaining
this quality by the graduates and the related skills development.
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 To develop the most appropriate skills of the graduates to some extent in
global market.
 To ensure international quality and standards using online motoring
mechanisms standardized content and faculty training and certification.
Source of Data:
1. Training program on IT & ITES Foundation Skill.
2. Website of ICT division in Bangladesh
3. Websites of related training program of World Bank.
Project Profile:
Program Details:
Bangladesh has sustained a good track record of growth and development over the past
decades. The economy has grown by nearly six percent per annum over the past decade;
and has been resilient to the effects of the recent global financial crisis and frequent natural
disasters. In addition, the country has made laudable progress on many aspects of human
development and is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goals for infant and
child mortality and gender equality in education. However, development needs remain large
and pressing, with around 50 million people still living in poverty.
The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) has developed its Vision 2021 and Sixth Five Year Plan
with developmental targets which address some of these major challenges. The GOB’s Sixth
Five Year Plan puts an impetus on the use of ICT for improving factor productivity,
governance and service delivery, and on the development of the IT industry. The Plan aims
to accelerate growth to eight percent per year by 2015; ensure participation, social inclusion
and empowerment; promotes good governance; and efficient delivery of public services.
GOB recognizes the need to leverage on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
to achieve these ambitious targets and has undertaken a number of significant actions
under its Digital Bangladesh program. This program fundamentally seeks to leverage ICT for
the country’s next stage of growth and development, and support Bangladesh to achieve
middle-income country status by 2021. The GOB’s Sixth Five Year Plan puts an impetus on
the use of ICT for improving factor productivity, governance and service delivery, and on the
development of the IT industry.
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Sectored Context:
Bangladesh’s ICT industry has developed considerably over the past decade.
Telecommunications has generated total industry investments of USD4.5 billion since 2002,
and the industry currently provides about 8 percent of the government’s total revenue per
annum. Mobile penetration rates have increased from less than 1 percent in 2002 to 44
percent at the end of 2010, and 98 percent of the country is now covered by a wireless
network. The government has also actively promoted its Digital Bangladesh program which
has generated high expectations among citizens.
Bangladesh’s IT industry has remained relatively nascent as compared to
telecommunications, with total industry output estimated at USD300 million per annum,
representing a limited proportion of the country’s total GDP. In addition its e-readiness
remains behind global averages especially in terms of the general population’s ICT skills,
perception of the country’s suitability for ICT businesses, supporting infrastructure, and
technology foundations for the public and private sector.
Hence GOB recognizes the need to be holistic in its approach for leveraging ICT, especially
with regards to its Sixth Five Year Plan goals for governance, economic growth, and
employment creation. This is reflected in its strategic pillars for Digital Bangladesh, which
holistically covers
(i) Digital Government;
(ii) ICT in Business;
(iii) Connecting Citizens; and
(iv) Human Resource Development.
Institutional Context:
The Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology and the Bangladesh
Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (BTRC) govern the sector. Ministry of Posts,
Telecommunication and Information Technology is the policy maker for the ICT sector and
the telecommunications sector. The Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) is an agency of
Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology,and supports the
implementation of e-Government programs and ICT capacity building initiatives; and is
responsible for managing key shared infrastructure and standard setting across the
agencies.
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Abstract of the Project:
Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance is a project of Bangladesh
Computer Council (BCC) under the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information
Technology. The project has been launched in January 2013 aiming to develop a vibrant and
healthy Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology-Enabled Services industry
in five years by identifying the strategies, programs and investment needed for the country
to leverage ICT for economic growth and competitiveness.
BCC is the implementing agency of the project worth about Taka 572.48 crore. Of the total
amount, the World Bank is providing $70 million US dollars and the rest by the Government
of Bangladesh. The project is expected to be completed by 2018.
Project Objective:
The primary objectives are to:
 Catalyze the growth of Bangladesh’s IT/ITES industry for employment creation and
export diversification; and
 Strengthen IT/ITES facilities, policies, standard and guidelines for public sector
modernization.
Specific objectives
Some specific objectives which the project will achieve are the following:
 To develop 34,000 skilled manpower for IT/ITES sector
 To expose local IT/ITES capabilities in to global market leading to improved global
awareness and perception of Bangladesh for IT/ITES business
 To make available shared IT hosting and remote conferencing facilities for use by GOB
agencies
 To strengthen policies, fix appropriate standards and guidelines for enterprise
architecture and information security
The Project at a Glance:
Basic Information:
Project ID P122201
Status Active Approval Date September 20, 2012
Closing Date December 31, 2017
Country Bangladesh
Region South Asia
Environmental Category C
Team Leader Siou Chew Kuek
Borrower*** PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
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Implementing Agency MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND ICT
Total Project Cost** US$ 70.00 million
Sectors:
Public administration- Information and communications 62%
Information technology 14%
Vocational training 14%
Other domestic and international trade 10%
Themes:
e-Government 44%
Improving labor markets 18%
Other Private Sector Development 15%
Education for the knowledge economy 12%
Export development and competitiveness 11%
Total project cost includes funding from World Bank and non-bank sources in US$ millions.
Active and Closed projects show commitment at Board approval. It does not reflect any
cancellations. Proposed and dropped projects show the forecast amount. The commitment
amount for projects in the pipeline is indicative and may be modified during the project
preparation.
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Learning from the Training:
Skills:
An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to
smoothly and adaptively
carryout complex activities or job functions involving ideas (cognitive skills), things (technical
skills), and/or people (interpersonal skills).
Soft Skill:
Soft skills is a catch-all term referring to various behaviors that help people work and
socialize well with others. In short, they are the good manners and personality traits needed
to get along with others and build positive relationship.
Hard Skills:
Hard skillswhich include a person's technical skill set and ability to perform certain
functional tasks, soft skills are broadly applicable across job titles and industries. It's often
said that hard skills will get you an interview but you need soft skills to get -- and keep -- the
job.
Intelligence:
The persons who are spontaneous, logical & analytical to solve a problem.
IQ-Intelligence Question.
Wisdom:
The person who knows everything by experienced.
Knowledgeable:
The persons who read a lot is knowledgeable. He knows anything with laws.
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Spontaneity:
People who take right decisions at right time are spontanious. Emotional intelligence is
maturity.
Attitude:
Attitude is the thinking process.
Behavior:
Behavior is the process how you react with others.
Example:
Empathy Sympathy
Helping one by thinking the
situations.
Just showing Kindness.
Common-sense:
Common-sense comes from awareness.
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Leadership:
In the broadest sense of the word, a "leader" is someone who brings people together and
guides them toward a common goal. Anyone can tell others what to do, but effective
leadership requires much more than the ability to assign tasks to a group.
10 Leadership Tips:
1. Work hard to get ahead.
2. Strive for success, but remain humble.
3. Allow your "great idea" to evolve and change.
4. Acknowledge your own shortcomings.
5. Hire (and promote) the right people.
6. Ask for help when you need it.
7. Seek out a mentor.
8. Don't make promises you can't keep.
9. Always challenge and encourage yourself.
10. Earn your team's respect
Leadership Needs-
 Role model concept.
 Believe that people will love you.
 Creating trust in people.
 Always motivate people.
 Loved to do any job effectively.
 Trustworthy.
 Integrity.
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Chapter 02: Theoretical Framework
IT: Information Technology is the application of computers to store, retrive, transmit and
manipulate data often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a
subset of Information Communication Technology (ICT).
Information and Communications Technology (ICT): ICT is an extended term for
Information Technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communication and the
integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well
as necessary enterprise software,middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which
enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.
The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone
networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large
economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to
merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified
system of cabling, signal distribution and management.
IT Enabled services (ITES): ITES also called web enabled services or remote services or Tele-
working, covers the entire gamut of operations which exploit Information Technology for
improving efficiency of an organization. These services provide a wide range of career
options that include opportunities in call Centers, medical transcription, medical billing and
coding, back office operations, revenue claims processing, legal databases, content
development, payrolls, logistics management ,GIS (Geographical Information System), HR
services, web services etc.
Leveraging ICT: Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance is a project of
Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) under the Ministry of Information and Communication
Technology. The project has been launched in January 2013 aiming to develop a vibrant and
healthy Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology-Enabled Services industry
in five years by identifying the strategies, programs and investment needed for the country
to leverage ICT for economic growth and competitiveness.
The primary objectives of the project are to catalyze the growth of Bangladesh’s IT/ITES
industry for employment creation and export diversification. The project will also cater the
need of public sector modernization through development of policies, guidelines, e-
government interoperability framework (eGFI) and capacity development of the
government people.
Software:Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that
consists of encoded information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical
hardware from which the system is built. The term is roughly synonymous with computer
program, but is more generic in scope.
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Electronics: Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the
electrons have a fundamental role. Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve
active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated
circuits, and associated passive electrical components and interconnection technologies.
Internet: Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of
network that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government
networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical
networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources
and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World
Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing.
Electronic Commerce: Electronic commerce commonly written as e-commerce
orecommerce, is the trading or facilitation of trading in products or services using computer
networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile
commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online
transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems,
and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the
World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle, although it may also use
other technologies such as e-mail.
E-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:
 Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers
 Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business-
to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales
 Business-to-business buying and selling
 Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media
 Business-to-business electronic data interchange
 Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example,
with newsletters
 Engaging in retail for launching new products and services
 Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes
World Bank: The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loansto
developing countries for capital programs. It comprises two institutions: the International
Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development
Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group, which is part of
the United Nations system.
The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. However, according to its Articles
of Agreement, all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign
investment and international trade and to the facilitation of Capital investment.
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BTRC: The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission is an independent
commission founded under the Bangladesh Telecommunication Act, 2001 (Act # 18 of
2001). The BTRC is responsible for regulating all matters related to telecommunications
(wire, cellular, satellite and cable) of Bangladesh.
Interview: An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given.
In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation with one
person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee. The
interviewer asks questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking.
Interviews usually involve a transfer of information from interviewee to interviewer, which
is usually the primary purpose of the interview, although information transfers can happen
in both directions simultaneously. One can contrast an interview which involves bi-
directional communication with a one-way flow of information, such as a speech or oration.
Communication: Communication (from Latin ‘communicate’ meaning "to share") is the act
of conveying intended meaning to another entity through the use of mutually understood
signs and semiotic rules. The basic steps of communication are the forming of
communicative intent, message composition, message encoding, and transmission of signal,
reception of signal, message decoding and finally interpretation of the message by the
recipient.
CV: Curriculum vitae, a summary of academic and professional history and achievements.
Body language: Body language is a kind of nonverbal communication, where thoughts,
intentions, or feelings are expressed by physical behaviors, such as facial expressions, body
posture, gestures, eye movement, touch and the use of space. Body language exists in both
animals and humans, but this article focuses on interpretations of human body language. It
is also known as kinesics.
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Chapter 03: Communication Skills
Communication: Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants
not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and
share meaning. In business, it is a key function of management. An organization cannot
operate without communication between levels, departments and employees.
How to be Effective in Communication?
As a Sender-
 Know the receiver
 Use appropriate language
 Use multiple channels if possible
 Repeat if required
 Seek feedback
 Ensure understanding of message
 Be empathic!
As a Receiver-
 Know the Sender
 Listen / read with intent
 Seek Clarification when needed
 Use multiple channels to receive
 Give feedback
 Be empathic!
Types of Communication:
Verbal Non verbal
Oral Written o Signs
o Body language
o Paralanguage
o Silence
o Face 2 face
o Telephone
o Meetings
o Letters
o E-mails
o Boards
o Pictures
Non-verbal Communication:
It’s not what you say! It’s how you say!
 Humans are capable of producing 6,50,000 nonverbal signals
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 Nonverbal Communication contains 65 % - 95 % of your message
 Actual words carry only 5% - 35% of your message
Communication Barriers:
 Our Perceptions
 Pre-conceived notions
 Assumptions
 Stereo types
 Negative attitude
Communication Skills:
The ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers
with good verbal, no verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of
information between people within a company for its commercial benefit.
English Communication Skill:
L- Listening
S- Speaking
R- Reading
W- Writing
Listening:
The difference between Hearing, Listening and Active listening:
Hearing is a physical ability while listening is a skill that can be learned. Listening skills allow
one to make sense of and understand what another person is saying. Unfortunately,
emphasis upon the teaching of listening skills is given little attention in most training
courses. According to results of different studies, we remember
 25-50% of what we hear;
 60-75% of oral communication is ignored, misunderstood, or quickly forgotten.
Also, another studies revealed that if you are a good listener, you should find it easy to
establish positive working relationships with your boss as well as your colleagues.
The important point is that listening is a process; it is possible to train people to adapt their
listening styles: active, passive, and serious. Other styles of listening styles: attentive,
retentive, reflective, and reactive.
Hearing is a passive action consequence of our auditory system unwittingly captures the
sound around as a reaction to external stimuli that happens faster than any other sense.
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Listening is an active action, it requires focus, is a skill can be improved or lost. Losing the
ability to listen, means not going deaf, but be dominated by "digital distraction" and
information overload that were becoming an epidemic in a world that is exchanging
convenience for content, speed for meaning.
Levels of Listening:
1. Ignoring
2. Pretending we are listening.
3. Selective listening.
4. Attentive listening.
5. Empathic listening. (It is with the heart that one sees rightly what is essential is
invisible to the eye.)
Listening Skills:
 Learn to listen with your face.
 Eye contact enhances the quality of Listening.
 Send out positive non-verbal signals.
 Stop talking while listening.
Stages of Listening:
Hearing : focusing on and attending to the message
Understanding : obtaining the literal message meaning.
Remembering : recalling the message for future action.
Evaluating :logic applied to the assessment of the message value.
Responding :choosing an appropriate response to what is heard.
How to be a Good Speaker:
 Slow Down Your Speaking Speed
 Give Yourself Time to Think
 Learn Sentences, Not Only Words
 Learn to Listen
 Practise Your Interrogatives
Barriers to Communication:
 Language Barriers
 Interpersonal Barriers
 Situational-Timing Barriers
Language Barriers-
 Language Barriers deal with the way our words are understood.
 Problems arise from words that are…
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 Incorrectly used
 Used out of context
 Too specialized
 Too many different meanings
 Too Complex
 Grammatically incorrect
Interpersonal Barriers-
 Interpersonal Barriers deal with the differences and personal characteristics of
the sender and the reciever that hinder communication.
 Age
 Status
 Role
 Cultural Differences
 Experiences, background and personalities impact how a message is decoded.
Situational and Timing Barriers-
 S.T.B. deal with the time and place where communication takes place.
 The amount of noise in the environment affects how well we understand , and can
be understood.
 We need to match our communication style with the situation.
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Chapter 04: Group Discussion
Formal or Informal and voluntary gathering of individuals (in person, through a conference
call, or website) to exchange ideas, information, and suggestions on needs, problems,
subjects, etc., of mutual interest.
GD tests…
 Interpersonal skills
 Communication skills
Why are GDs held……………?
Most Commonly at MACRO levels
 To assess group/team behaviour /dynamics.
 Facilitates a simulated platform to measure potentiality.
Also tests at MICRO levels
 Leadership Skills.
 Motivational Skills.
 Team play.
 Divergent Thinking.
 Listening Skills.
 Presentation Skills.
 Analytical/Logical Skills.
Types of GDs:
1. On the spot group discussion.
2. Case study model.
Group Discussion – (Communication Style):
Passive
 Won’t express feelings.
 Won’t disagree.
 Others have more rights than I do.
 Indirect expressions
 Always agrees
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 Hesitant.
 Apologetic, Self-conscious
 Trusts others, but not self.
 Allows others take decisions for self.
 Doesn't get what he wants.
Aggressive
 Everyone should be like me.
 I am never wrong.
 I got rights. But you don’t.
 Closed mind.
 Poor listener
 Dominating and bullying
 Shakes fingers.
 Frowns – glares –stares. Rigid.
 Critical and loud.
Assertive
 Believes in self and others.
 Focus win-win.
 Active listener
 Non-judgmental.
 Confident.
 Open and natural gestures
 Direct eye-contact.
 Enthusiasm.
 Even tempered.
 Balanced mind.
Do’s:
 Revise standard topics.
 Be aware of the latest current affairs.
 Memorize basic facts and figures.
 Never hesitate to be the first one to speak.
 Be mentally agile.
 Hold your stand
 Build rapport
 Listen carefully
 Try to cite as many examples as possible.
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GOLDEN RULE - If you don’t speak well, you will be rejected
DON’Ts:
 No Negative Body Language
 Don’t attack people…attack the topic
 Never look towards the GD co-ordinator.
 Never contradict your previous point.
 Never disagree with any candidate in a blunt manner.
Important Points to Remember:
 As the name suggests – this is a discussion NOT a debate.
 Aim is not to win/lose – it is to express your opinion while respecting other’s views.
Group Discussion – Body Language:
Sitting Posture.
Cross legged/arms.
Use of Finger.
Use of Palm.
Eye Contact.
Hand/Fists positions.
Drumming/Fidgeting.
Facial Expressions.
Hand on neck/head.
Wrong Ideas:
 Have to be Aggressive to be selected.
 Speaking more is required.
 Always speak in favor.
 Everyone must agree to your point.
 What you say must be unique.
 Wait till there is time to talk.
Common Doubts:
 What if I am not fluent in English?
 What if topic is totally unknown?
 I know a lot but not others.
 If I am aggressive.
 If I have low voice.
 What should my stand be?
 Can I agree which I disagree in the beginning?
 Is there a need to conclude?
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Maturity
Ability to handle the situation at hand .
 how he/she puts across his/her opinion
 how the participant handles opposition
 how the participant handles pressure
 how the participant either
 Mingles/follows/leads the team.
Types of Candidates:
1. Shocked.
2. Balloon.
3. Lukewarm.
4. Coordinator/Leader (self-appointed).
5. Winner.
The Assessment-
Spoken English:
Must be logical, Coherent, simple sentences nothing esoteric.
Knowledge:
The amount of genuine facts and figures quoted by a candidate…no beating around
the bush
Convincing Power:
Ability to push his/her ideas to the group while appreciating others point of view.
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Chapter 05: Grooming & Body Language
Grooming: In Global Scenario-
 Understanding personal cleanliness and hygiene.
 Identifying guidelines for dressing up.
 Clothes.
 Hair grooming.
 Tattoo and body piercing.
 Professional and casual business attire for men & women.
Body Language:
Signs displayed by the body, that either match or contradict what is being said or heard.
Component of Body Language:
1. Eye contact.
2. Smile.
3. Facial signals.
4. Handshakes.
5. Gestures.
6. Body posture.
Types of Body Language:
1. Aggressive.
2. Bored.
3. Closed.
4. Deceptive.
5. Defensive.
6. Emotional.
7. Evaluating.
8. Open.
9. Power.
10. Relaxed
11. Submissive.
Aggressive Body Language:
 Facial signals.
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 Attack signals.
 Exposing oneself.
 Facial expression
Bored Body Language:
 Distraction.
 Repetition.
Closed Body Language:
 Arms cross.
 Legs cross.
 Looking down or away.
Deceptive Body Language:
 No eye contact.
 Anxiety.
 Control.
 Distracted.
Defensive Body Language:
 Covering vital organs.
 Fending off.
 Seeking escape.
Emotional Body Language:
 Anger.
 Fear & nervousness.
 Sadness.
Evaluating Body Language:
 Hand movement.
 Relaxed intensity.
Open Body Language:
 Arms and legs open.
 Looking around and at the other persons.
 Relaxed clothing.
Power Body Language:
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 Handshake.
 Touching.
 Talking and emotion.
Relaxed Body Language:
 Torso.
 Breathing.
 Relaxed limbs.
Submissive Body Language:
 Body position.
 Submissive gestures.
How to Improve Body Language:
 Paying conscious attention.
 Watching TV.
 Making some notes.
 Interpret non- verbal cues in relation to the context.
 Practice & observe people.
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Chapter 06: Corporate Etiquette & Core Values
Time Management Techniques-
It is number of seconds in each day
[24 hours X 60 minutes x 60 seconds = 86400]
It is what we do during the 86400 seconds of each day that will ultimately determine how
successful we are in our chosen careers
Both winners and losers have the same time. It is how they use it, will decide whether they
win or lose.
What Goes Wrong?
Managing time meaningfully is a challenge to many, because:
o We may not want to manage time [we have too much or too less time]
o We may not know how to manage time [barriers]
5 Step Process of Change:
1. Create a time log to analyze your time.
2. Write down the time wasters.
3. Analyze your time wasting habits /behavior.
4. Visualize the time saving habit.
5. Develop time saving habit.
Before proceeding further, maintain a time management note book.
How to analyze our time?
Time Analysis:
 Without changing any habit, log your time spent at work for a month.
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 After logging, analyze the month’s work in terms of time spent under quadrant I, II,
III, IV.
 Analyze your time spent against the results you expected.
 If you are not happy with the results – there is need for change in your time
spending habits.
Time Principles:
 Plan your work.
 Prioritize the key activities.
 Delegate where required.
 Make work into chunks.
 Dump some activities.
12 Most Common Time Wasters:
 Disorganized workplace.
 Telephones / visitors.
 Interruption/ distraction.
 Procrastination.
 Junk paper work.
 Crisis situations.
 Reverse delegation.
 Perfectionism.
 E-mails / blogs.
 Internet.
The KISS Principle:
K-KEEP
I-IT
S-SHORT AND
S-SIMPLE
25
Raft Technique:
R-Refer it
A-Act on it
F-File it (or)
T-Throw it away
Handle Information Logically:
 By subject category.
 Alphabetical order.
 By date.
 By color.
 Geographical order.
 Numerical order.
 Chronological.
Get into New Habit:
Step 1 – Define your Role
Step 2 – Set your Monthly Goals
Step 3 – Schedule your Weekly
Step 4 – Prepare your daily ‘to-do’ list
Step 5 – Act on it, now!
It takes 21 days to create a habit, say psychologists
6 Steps to Effective Daily Plans:
 First five minute planning.
 Review your yesterday’s ‘To-do’ list.
 Carry forward unfinished activities to today’s list.
 Plan tomorrow’s activities.
Practice KISS in everything you do –
letters, mails, phone, meetings
Organize your electronic info. systematically
26
 Prioritize things to do.
 Update status of work at the end of the day.
Team Building:
Together every one achieve more
Group vs. Team:
A Bunch of Individuals (Group). 1+1+1+1+1= 5
An Encouraging Winning Team. 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120
Team
Shared goal
Group
People
Collective
27
TEAM
Team Formation:
28
Good Team has ‘GRIP’:
o Goals
o Roles
o Interpersonal skills
o Processes
In Human Relations, The Most Importan
 6 words are…. ‘I admit I made a mistake’
 5 words are…. ‘You did a good job’
 4 words are…. ‘What is your opinion?’
 3 words are…. ‘Will you please?’
 2 words are…. ‘Thank you’
 1 word is…. ‘We’
Ethics:
What Does It Really Mean?
 Derived from Greek word ‘Ethicos’ meaning Character or Manners.
 Science of character of a person expressed as right or wrong conduct or action.
 Set of moral principles prescribing code, explains what is good and right, or bad and
wrong.
Meaning of Ethics:
“Ethics can be termed as the science of character of a person expressed as right or wrong
conduct or action”.
Objective of Ethics:
1. Studies human behaviour and makes evaluative assessment about them as
moral or immoral.
2. Establishes moral standards and norms of behaviour.
3. Makes judgment upon human behaviour based on these standards and
norms.
4. Prescribes moral behaviour and makes recommendations about how to or
how not to behave.
5. Expresses an opinion or attitude about human conduct in general.
The least important word is…. ‘I’
29
Common Unethical Acts...
 Lying and withholding needed information.
 Abusive or intimidating behaviour.
 Misreporting time worked.
 Discrimination and sexual harassment.
 Stealing.
 Breaking environmental and safety laws.
 Falsifying records.
 Drug or alcohol abuse.
 Giving or accepting bribes.
Why Misconduct Is Not Reported...
 Belief that nothing will be done.
 Fear of retaliation.
 Fear of being viewed as a troublemaker.
Why Ethical Problems Occur?
 Personal gain.
 Individual values widely differ with Social values and goals.
 Competitive pressures.
 Cross-Cultural contradictions.
Sources of Ethical Norms:
Fellow Workers
Family
Friends
The Law
Regions of
Country
Profession
Employer
Society at
LargeReligious Beliefs
The Individual
Conscience
Culture
30
What is Value? :
 Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about which we feel strongly.
 Our values affect our decisions, goals and behaviour.
 A belief or feeling that someone or something is worthwhile.
 Values define what is of worth, what is beneficial, and what is harmful
 Values are standards to guide your action, judgments, and attitudes.
Hypocrite – One who subscribes to one set of values, and does another.
Immaturity - One who has not identified his value.
Immaturity:
 Unclear values
 Drifters
 Flighty
 Uncertain
 Apathetic
Maturity:
 Clear values
 Life of purpose
 Meaning and direction
Direction: Values – Goals – Behaviour – Self-value.
 Values give direction and consistency to behaviour.
 Values help you know what to and not to make time for.
 Values establish a relationship between you and the world.
 Values set the direction for one’s life.
Where Do We Get Values? :
 our homes, school, society,
 friends, TV, church, music, books, families,
 culture,
 employers,
 Time-period in which you were raised (70’s anti-establishment, peace, individuality.
80’s money, prestige, don’t get caught, etc. 90’s earth, green peace, health and
fitness), etc.
Age Will Greatly Influence Values-
31
Different People and Things Influence at Different Ages:
 Ages 1-7 --- parents
 Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports, rocks, TV)
 Ages 14-20 --- peers (values because of peers or peers because of values?)
 Ages 21+ values are established, but may test values from time to time.
Value vs Facts:
Values Facts
Values are things we feel “should”, “ought”,
or “are supposed to” influence our lives.
VALUE: All people should be active in a
specific religion.
VALUE: The best time to buy clothing is when
the price is discounted.
A value is a statement of one’s personal
beliefs.
Facts simply state what actually are. It is easy
to confuse values with facts.
FACT: Many people are active in a specific
religion.
FACT: The most economical time to buy
clothing is when the seasons change and the
price is reduced.
A fact is established by observation and
measurement.
Values and Behaviours:
 Happiness comes from letting values decide your behaviour and goals.
 Values can change over a life-time as your experiences change your view.
Types of Values:
1. Moral
2. Material
3. Aesthetic
4. Intrinsic
5. Extrinsic
6. Universal/American
7. Group specific values
32
Chapter 07: Basic IT Literacy
Agenda:
 Computer hardware, software, networking and security;
 Office productivity tools - word processing, spread sheets and presentations;
 Internet and social media
 Questions.
Basic Computer Hardware:
Input Devices: devices that input information into the computer such as a keyboard, mouse,
scanner, and digital camera.
Output Devices: devices that output information from the computer such as a printer and
monitor.
Central Processing Unit:
CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the
Computer.
Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually
measured in megahertz (MHz).
Brands of Processors include:
1. Pentium 2.Celeron 3.MAC 4.AMD 5.Cyrix
Data Storage Devices:
 The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device typically located internally.
 Fast recording and recovery of data
 Large storage capacity
 Magnetic
 Primary storage device for data and programs
 Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s
 CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory)
 Approximately 600 to 700 megabyte of storage
 An optical device read by a diode laser
 FLASH drive is a compact and portable electronic storage device.
 USB (plug and play) supported
33
Computer Memory:
 Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).
 The byte is the standard unit of measurement.
 A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).
 Typical units of measurement:
1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes
1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes
1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes
Computer Memory:
RAM (random access memory) stores data that is processing. This type of memory is erased
when the computer is turned off.
ROM (read only memory) contains special instructions for the computer to operate.
Cache memory increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating
instructions.
Graphic User Interface (GUI):
GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the desktop used to
operate a program.
o The GUI makes the programs loaded on the computer easier to access and use. Basic
Windows GUI
o Icons are small pictures that represent files, commands, or windows.
o Windows is a GUI operating system unlike UNIX, which uses text commands.
Video Cards:
 Video cards plug into the motherboard and are used to display video.
 VRAM is video memory that enhances the refreshment rate of the image.
 Video cards have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display.
Ports and Peripherals:
Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheral device such as a disk
drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard.
Examples:
34
Serial, Parallel, hot-wire, USB
Peripherals are devices that plug into a computer and are not housed internally.
Examples:
Printers,, Scanners, Cameras
LAN, WAN & Multiprocessing:
LAN: are networks usually in the same company or building. The Local Area Network is
connected via telephone lines or radio waves. Most LANs connect workstations.
WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected. (Wide-area network)
In multiprocessing, more than one CPU is used to complete a task. Example: network
rendering.
Multimedia:
Multimedia software programs include sound, pictures, video, text, and hypertext to create
presentations.
Software includes:
 PowerPoint
 Macromedia Director
 FLASH
Basic Security:
What Does It Mean to Be Secure?
35
“Include protection of information from theft or corruption, or the preservation of
availability, as defined in the security policy.”
Types of Security:
2. Network Security
3. System and software security
4. Physical Security.
Some Types of Attacks:
o Network Attacks
o Packet sniffing, man-in-the-middle, DNS hacking
o Web attacks
o Phishing, SQL Injection, Cross Site Scripting
o OS, applications and software attacks
o Virus, Trojan, Worms, Rootkits, Buffer Overflow
o Social Engineering
o (NOT social networking)
o Not all hackers are evil wrongdoers trying to steal your info
o Ethical Hackers, Consultants, Penetration testers, Researchers.
Virus:
Definition
Piece of code that automatically reproduces itself. It’s attached to other programs or files,
but requires user intervention to propagate.
 Infection (targets/carriers)
 Executable files
 Boot sectors
Documents (macros), scripts (web pages), etc.
Propagation is made by the user. The mechanisms are storage elements, mails, and
downloaded files or shared folders.
Computer Security Issues:
 Vulnerability is a point where a system is susceptible to attack.
 A threat is a possible danger to the system. The danger might be a person (a system
cracker or a spy), a thing (a faulty piece of equipment), or an event (a fire or a flood)
that might exploit a vulnerability of the system.
36
 Counter measures are techniques for protecting your system.
Goals of Computer Security:
Integrity:
Guarantee that the data is what we expect
Confidentiality:
The information must just be accessible to the authorized people
Reliability:
Computers should work without having unexpected problems
Authentication:
Guarantee that only authorized persons can access to the resources.
How Can We Achieve Security? :
1. Many techniques exist for ensuring computer and network security
 Cryptography
 Secure networks
 Antivirus software
 Firewalls
2. In addition, users have to practice “safe computing”
 Not downloading from unsafe websites
 Not opening attachments
 Not trusting what you see on websites
 Avoiding Scams
Why Care? :
 Online banking, trading, purchasing may be insecure
Credit card and identity theft.
 Personal files could be corrupted
All school work, music, videos, etc. may be lost.
 Computer may become too slow to run
If you aren't part of the solution you are part of the problem.
 Upon discovery, vulnerabilities can be used against many computers connected to the
internet.
37
Internet:
 A world-wide network of computers allows people to share information
electronically.
 Like a BIG book with many web-pages on different topics.
 Can be accessed anywhere with an Internet connection.
The Use of Internet:
 Search and Apply for jobs or schools
 Send e-mail messages.
 Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between computers.
 Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups.
 Surfing the web.
 keeping in touch with friends and family
 finding information on almost any topic you can think of
 accessing all sorts of online content like news, sport, weather and entertainment
 online shopping and banking and for planning holidays
 Finding the government information and services you might need when you need
them.A company that provides Internet access for customers (examples: Comcast,
Qwest, AOL).
 Your computer connects to the Internet Service Provider (ISP), then to the Internet.
How to Connect to The Internet? :
Three main ways to connect to the Internet
3. Dial-Up
4. High Speed/DSL
5. Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi).
Internet Browser Software:
Internet browser software is the software you need on your internet device to view and
access content on the internet.
You might also hear the software being called a 'web browser'.
There are a range of options for which browser you might use. Your choice will depend on
your circumstances. Some browser software names include:
 Internet Explorer
 Firefox
 Safari: for Apples/Macintosh
 Chrome, and
38
 Opera.
Internet Services:
 Electronic Mail (e-mail)
 World Wide Web
 Telnet
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
 Internet Telephone
 Web TV/Radio
 Internet Relay Chat
 News Groups
E-mail Service Providers & Search Engines:
 G-Mail
 Yahoo Mail
 Hot Mail
 Google
 Yahoo etc…..
Handling Common Problems:
Pop Up Ads - You can get rid of them by simply clicking on the X in the upper right hand
corner of the box containing the ad.
Page Not Found - The most common reason for a Page Not Found error is a typo, so first
check the address that you have typed to make sure that it is a valid address with no spaces
or mistakes.
Web Traffic - During certain times of the day, there is more traffic on the Internet, making
Web sites appears more slowly.
Stuck in a Page - Just right-click on a hyperlink and choose Open in New Window, and you
will have broken free.
Internet Safety Tips ……
 Install anti-virus software. You can buy or download this.
 Do not open emails from people you do not know.
 Do not open an attachment from someone you know unless you know what the
attachment is. There is a chance it could contain a virus.
 Do not download (save things from sites) that you do not understand and trust.
Social Media:
39
Social media refers to online tools and services which allow an exchange of ideas,
information, videos, pictures, and graphics — just about anything you can name.
Social media also allows easy sharing and distribution of existing content to others so that
professional work can be shared through networks.
Types of Social Media Services:
1. Social Networking Sites (Facebook, Google+)
2. Bookmarking Sites and Social News Sites (Dig)
3. Blogs and Microblogs (Twitter, Tumbler)
4. Shopping Sites (Amazon)
5. Multimedia Sharing (YouTube, Flickr)
6. Virtual Worlds (World of Warcraft, Second Life).
Advantages of Social Networking:
 Fast communication
 Direct communication
 Low costs
 Meet celebrities
 Be informed about your friends
 Share your experiments (music, video etc.)
 Keeping contact with family, friends and colleagues
 Building new/ old friendships
 Sharing interests and hobbies
 Exchange with people around the world
 Employees are searched by companies (good profile)
 Can play games.
40
Chapter 08: CV Writing and Interview Skill
CV Writing Guidelines:
General Guidelines-
 Throughout the document, the headers/titles are required to be mentioned as
inthe template.
 Donotchangethetitleofanysub-headerintheCV.IncaseaheaderlikeProject
training/Work experience is not applicable, delete the entire section as per
theguidelines below.
 The font style for the entire CV (including header and footer) is Times New
Roman.
 The font size for the entire CV should be uniform. Acceptable font sizes are in
therange 11 to12.
 Filledcircularbulletsaretobeused,asindicated.Sub-bulletsarealsotobefilled bullets,
of a smaller size, as in thetemplate.
 ConvertthewordfileintoaPDF.CheckthePDFversionofthefilebeforesubmitting, so as
to check for any potential alignmenterrors.
1. Header
 Insertthefullnameintheheader.Thenameshouldbewrittenwithonlythefirstletter
s capitalized. E.g. Salman Rashid. The enclosing brackets need to be
removedafter inserting the relevanttext.
 Do not alter the position of any of thetags.
2. ProfileSummary
 Provide a brief (two line) description of the background of thetrainee.
 Example: CSE Graduate from Dhaka University with Top UP IT training in
DotNet Track, MCSE and 1 year experience as a Python programmer
interested in a career asa Mobile applicationdeveloper.
3. Training under LICT Project,BCC
 Write the course name- Top-Up IT or Foundation Skills in the firstcolumn.
 Write the Batch details like Batch ID and University name in the
secondcolumn.
 Write the Specialization track .e.g. Java, Web Design, Android, which the
41
traineeis currently undergoing in the trainingprogram.
 Write the date of start and end of the batch in fourth and fifth
columnrespectively.
4. Education
 Write the Masters/Bachelor Degree and specialization in the first column.
e.g.B.Sc., MBA.
 Write the period during which the course was under taken. In case the trainee
isstill pursuing the course, the period should cover the tentative year of
graduation e.g.2010-14
 Write the major or specialization of the course. E.g. Electrical
andElectronics Engineering (EEE) or Management Information
Systems(MIS).
 Write the name of the university or institute where the trainee is
pursued/pursuingher/his degree program. E.g. DhakaUniversity
 Write the CGPA or percentage attained during the course. E.g. 3.4/5.
Mentionany achievement during the course. e.g. First Division,
Dean’sList
5. Technical/ProfessionalCertifications
 Write the full name of the certification in the first column. E.g. Cisco
CertifiedNetwork Associate(CCNA).
 Write the year in which the certification wascompleted.
 Write the technical skills gained from the certification in the third column.
E.g.Network Types, Network Media, Switching Fundamentals,TCP/IP
6. ICTSkills
 Write the technical skills acquired during the current ICT training program.
E.g.Core Java, Advanced Java, HTML, HTML5, CSS3,Hadoop
7. WorkExperience
 Write the name of the organization/institute where the trainee currently
works orhas previouslyworked.
 Write the duration of service at the organization/institute in the second and
thirdcolumn.
 Write the total duration of service in the organization/institute. E.g. 3.4 years,
8months
 Write a brief description of the role performed at the organization/institute.
E.g.ensured timely service delivery to clients; lead a team of
twoprogrammers.
42
8. Project/Training/Internships
 Write the name of the project or training undertaken. E.g. Performance
evaluationof VLSI testingcircuit.
 Write the name of the organization/institute in which the training or
internshipwas undertaken; write the duration of the
project/training/internship and anyother achievement during the
project/training/internship. E.g. Mastermind Ltd.; 2 months;Won first prize in
projectevaluation
9. Extra-Curricular Activities/Position ofResponsibility
 Write the details of any position held during college/university, name
ofthe college/university and duration when the position was held. E.g.
Secretary-Student Affairs; Dhaka University;2012-14
10. PersonalDetails
 Write the gender, approximate age, Email ID, Phone number and Address of
thetrainee.
E.g. Male; 24 year; ajajahmed@gmail.com; +8801712233445; 14C,Splendour
Apartment, Gulshan 2,Dhaka
11. Footer
 Write the name of the course the trainee has undertaken or is currently
undertaking inthe ICT Project. E.g. Foundation Skills, Top-UpIT
 Write the specialization course which the trainee is undertaking. E.g.
Java,Mobile ApplicationDevelopment
43
Interview Skills:
A structured meeting between a candidate and an employer.
Interviewing is a Two-Way Street:
Employers are attempting to determine if you are an appropriate fit for the job and their
culture.You decide if the environment is right for you.
The Purpose of an Interview:
The Applicants Perspectives
 Persuading the prospective employer to hire you.
 Displaying confidence in your ability to perform competently.
 Demonstrating interest in the employers’ needs and interests.
 Demonstrating behavior’s consistent with your advance “publicity”.
The Employers Perspectives
The purpose of the interview from the employer’s point of view is to assess/evaluate your
suitability, relative to other applicants.
By-
 Verifying information supplied in your work search documentation.
 Asking questions, listening to your responses and observing your body language.
 Exploring your values, beliefs, expectations, skills, and qualifications as they relate to
the type of work you are seeking.
 Gathering information about you to help in making an informed decision.
Types of Interviews:
Phone : used to screen & narrow the pool of applicants.
One-on-One: most common interview style and incorporates you with the potential
employer.
Panel: Many individuals interview candidate together.
Stress Interviews: Used for specific roles.
44
Meal: used to see how you interact in a social setting.
On-site Interview: Allows a tour of the facility, meet the staff, and additional questioning
from different managers.
Telephonic Interviews:
o Increasingly used as the first selection method – aim is to filter
o Be prepared for call – avoid clueless response
o Get to a noise free place
o Zero distractions
o Simulate a business environment
o Have your resume in place
o Request reschedule if called without notice & are not prepared.
o Practice answers out-loud
Important Do's and Don’ts:
o Enter with confidence
o Walking to the interview table – Smile and Greet – Hand Shake – Make Eye Contact.
o Take a seat only after you are asked to
o Sit confidently
o Take your time – think and answer – don’t rush
o Asking for water
o Placing your bag or other belongings
o Cell phone
o Managing sudden itches
o Yawning
o Sneezing
o Eye contact
o Dress code
o Para language
o Managing silence
o Facial expression
o What to do when offered a cup of coffee/tea/any other drink
o Smoking before interview
o Bad breath management
o Chewing Pan/’Gutka’/Gum
o Perfumes and deodorants
o Handling a panel in place of a single interviewer
o Don’t give-up during the entire interview
o Thank and leave the room
Interview Myths:
45
 The best person for the job gets it
 Interviews are like school exams— the more you say, the better you’ll do
 Interviewers know what they’re doing
 Never say ‘I don’t know’
 Good-looking people get the job
 If you answer the questions better than the others, you’ll get the job
 You should try to give the perfect answer
 You must ask questions to demonstrate your interest and intelligence
 Relax and just be yourself
 Interviewers are looking for flaws
Common Interview Mistakes:
 No Communication Skills
 Failing to express oneself clearly
 Not being aware of one’s body language
 Failing to control those nerves
 Failing to give appropriate examples
 Trying too hard to please the interviewer
Body Language in Interviews:
1. Sit all the way back in your seat.
2. Don't go for direct eye contact
3. Show your palms.
4. Use hand gestures while speaking.
5. Plant your feet on the ground
6. Nod your head while listening.
7. Lean in
Sitting Position:
 Attention
 Sitting on the edge of the chair
 Leaning forward and making eye contact while you answer
46
Avoid his Posture in an Interview:
 Crossed legs
 Legs crossed at ankle
 Hands on the table
 Arms crossed on chest
Right Way to Sit
 Hands comfortably and naturally placed either in the lap or on the arm rest;
Avoid this in an Interview:
 Putting objects in mouth
 Rubbing eye
 Rubbing Nose
 Head in the hand
 Covering mouth
 Cracking Knuckles
 Wringing hands or drumming fingers
 Hands on hips
 Hands in the pocket
Handshake !!!:
1. Firm handshake.
2. Glove handshake
Types of handshakes:
1. Palm up
2. Palm Down
3. Fingertip-grab handshake
4. Dead fish
7 Ways to Banish (Almost) All of Your Pre-Interview Jitters
1. Meditate and Breathe
2. Eat a Banana
3. Exercise
47
4. Visualize Success
5. Do a Power Pose
6. Smile Like You Mean It
7. Practice
Over Confident:
marked by excessiveconfidence;"anarrogantandcocksurematerialist";
Eye Contact:
Making the right amount of eye contact in an interview can make the difference in whether
you successfully snag a job. According to UCLA professor and researcher Albert Mehrabian,
55 percent of messages processed by the brain are based on a person's body language. This
means that your facial and eye movements are constantly being judged -- perhaps even
more so than the skills and previous employment listed on your resume. The eyes become
the window into your interest level, confidence and professionalismduring an interview.
When you establish good eye contact, you'll feel heard and appear likable.
Convincing them you’re right for the job:
Correct preparation
• Knowing the things that are important to interviewers.
• Practicing your answers.
• Perseverance.
48
Interview – Few Basic Questions:
Some Other Important Questions:
 Tell me about yourself?
 Why should I hire you?
 What is your expectation from the company?
 Describe your ideal career?
 What is your strength?
 What is your weakness?
49
Conclusion:
Internship is a link between abstract knowledge and matter-of-fact knowledge. Now that I
have accomplished my Internship, I believe the knowledge that I have obtained in the
training program will be demonstrated vital for me to go in advance in my professional life.
All through my internship I have realized how modern Science and Information Technology
have been contributing more and more to the development of operational and
management process.
It will be a career decisive and days transforming chance for the graduates who would get
selected and qualify for this fullyfunded, government program. They will beable to learn from
qualified trainers, interact with industry leaders and receive a recognized certificate if they
qualify the certification examinations and meet the strict attendance requirements. The
programs will open up national and international career opportunities to the graduate’s post
these programs as the programs are employment linked.
To serve in the profession well, employees need to be skilful in many areas faster
development of new business strategies, shrinking company formalities, handling times,
improving personal grooming & body language and increasing and maintaining knowledge
of professional skills for accomplishing all these goals. Free-lancing is now-a-days an
important IT sector by which a graduate or non-graduate can contribute in national and
global economy.

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LICT report-2016-main-part

  • 1. 1 Chapter 01: Introduction Background of the Study: Bangladesh is a country of young and competent people whose talent needs to be leveraged for economic development. The challenge is to ensure they gain the skills that will equip them for employment, meet the needs of employers and economic growth and thereby utilize the demographic dividend .In the next five years, the working population is expected to double, meaning that around 50 million people will need to be trained. Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services (IT/ITES) as sector would need to be a large part of this national mission on training and skill development which would also meet the national aspiration to shift the share of contribution to GDP growth to IT/ITES sector. Under the LICT, to be implemented by BCC, two ambitious projects to train 10,000 IT and science graduates for the IT sector and 20,000 non-IT and HSC graduates for the ITES sector respectively over three years through a World Bank funded program have been envisaged. I was authorized to prepare a report on “Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment & Governance” for fulfilment of my MBA degree. This report has been prepared based on my learning on training program on the day- to- day activities and under close supervision of my honourable teacher, Dr. Leyaket Hossain Mahmood. I have started my internship in the training program on March 06, 2016 and at the end of the program I am submitting my internship report focusing on the contribution of the Information Technology (IT) for the development of graduate in Bangladesh. Objective of the Study: The primary objectives of the project are to catalyse the growth of Bangladesh’s IT / ITES industry for employment creation and export diversification. Some of the specific objectives of the project are to develop skilled manpower for IT and ITES sector.  To explore the knowledge of the deserving students with the interaction of the potential international employers.  To highlight the details of the training program, the process of maintaining this quality by the graduates and the related skills development.
  • 2. 2  To develop the most appropriate skills of the graduates to some extent in global market.  To ensure international quality and standards using online motoring mechanisms standardized content and faculty training and certification. Source of Data: 1. Training program on IT & ITES Foundation Skill. 2. Website of ICT division in Bangladesh 3. Websites of related training program of World Bank. Project Profile: Program Details: Bangladesh has sustained a good track record of growth and development over the past decades. The economy has grown by nearly six percent per annum over the past decade; and has been resilient to the effects of the recent global financial crisis and frequent natural disasters. In addition, the country has made laudable progress on many aspects of human development and is on track to meet the Millennium Development Goals for infant and child mortality and gender equality in education. However, development needs remain large and pressing, with around 50 million people still living in poverty. The Government of Bangladesh (GOB) has developed its Vision 2021 and Sixth Five Year Plan with developmental targets which address some of these major challenges. The GOB’s Sixth Five Year Plan puts an impetus on the use of ICT for improving factor productivity, governance and service delivery, and on the development of the IT industry. The Plan aims to accelerate growth to eight percent per year by 2015; ensure participation, social inclusion and empowerment; promotes good governance; and efficient delivery of public services. GOB recognizes the need to leverage on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to achieve these ambitious targets and has undertaken a number of significant actions under its Digital Bangladesh program. This program fundamentally seeks to leverage ICT for the country’s next stage of growth and development, and support Bangladesh to achieve middle-income country status by 2021. The GOB’s Sixth Five Year Plan puts an impetus on the use of ICT for improving factor productivity, governance and service delivery, and on the development of the IT industry.
  • 3. 3 Sectored Context: Bangladesh’s ICT industry has developed considerably over the past decade. Telecommunications has generated total industry investments of USD4.5 billion since 2002, and the industry currently provides about 8 percent of the government’s total revenue per annum. Mobile penetration rates have increased from less than 1 percent in 2002 to 44 percent at the end of 2010, and 98 percent of the country is now covered by a wireless network. The government has also actively promoted its Digital Bangladesh program which has generated high expectations among citizens. Bangladesh’s IT industry has remained relatively nascent as compared to telecommunications, with total industry output estimated at USD300 million per annum, representing a limited proportion of the country’s total GDP. In addition its e-readiness remains behind global averages especially in terms of the general population’s ICT skills, perception of the country’s suitability for ICT businesses, supporting infrastructure, and technology foundations for the public and private sector. Hence GOB recognizes the need to be holistic in its approach for leveraging ICT, especially with regards to its Sixth Five Year Plan goals for governance, economic growth, and employment creation. This is reflected in its strategic pillars for Digital Bangladesh, which holistically covers (i) Digital Government; (ii) ICT in Business; (iii) Connecting Citizens; and (iv) Human Resource Development. Institutional Context: The Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology and the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory Commission (BTRC) govern the sector. Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology is the policy maker for the ICT sector and the telecommunications sector. The Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) is an agency of Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology,and supports the implementation of e-Government programs and ICT capacity building initiatives; and is responsible for managing key shared infrastructure and standard setting across the agencies.
  • 4. 4 Abstract of the Project: Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance is a project of Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) under the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunication and Information Technology. The project has been launched in January 2013 aiming to develop a vibrant and healthy Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology-Enabled Services industry in five years by identifying the strategies, programs and investment needed for the country to leverage ICT for economic growth and competitiveness. BCC is the implementing agency of the project worth about Taka 572.48 crore. Of the total amount, the World Bank is providing $70 million US dollars and the rest by the Government of Bangladesh. The project is expected to be completed by 2018. Project Objective: The primary objectives are to:  Catalyze the growth of Bangladesh’s IT/ITES industry for employment creation and export diversification; and  Strengthen IT/ITES facilities, policies, standard and guidelines for public sector modernization. Specific objectives Some specific objectives which the project will achieve are the following:  To develop 34,000 skilled manpower for IT/ITES sector  To expose local IT/ITES capabilities in to global market leading to improved global awareness and perception of Bangladesh for IT/ITES business  To make available shared IT hosting and remote conferencing facilities for use by GOB agencies  To strengthen policies, fix appropriate standards and guidelines for enterprise architecture and information security The Project at a Glance: Basic Information: Project ID P122201 Status Active Approval Date September 20, 2012 Closing Date December 31, 2017 Country Bangladesh Region South Asia Environmental Category C Team Leader Siou Chew Kuek Borrower*** PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH
  • 5. 5 Implementing Agency MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND ICT Total Project Cost** US$ 70.00 million Sectors: Public administration- Information and communications 62% Information technology 14% Vocational training 14% Other domestic and international trade 10% Themes: e-Government 44% Improving labor markets 18% Other Private Sector Development 15% Education for the knowledge economy 12% Export development and competitiveness 11% Total project cost includes funding from World Bank and non-bank sources in US$ millions. Active and Closed projects show commitment at Board approval. It does not reflect any cancellations. Proposed and dropped projects show the forecast amount. The commitment amount for projects in the pipeline is indicative and may be modified during the project preparation.
  • 6. 6 Learning from the Training: Skills: An ability and capacity acquired through deliberate, systematic, and sustained effort to smoothly and adaptively carryout complex activities or job functions involving ideas (cognitive skills), things (technical skills), and/or people (interpersonal skills). Soft Skill: Soft skills is a catch-all term referring to various behaviors that help people work and socialize well with others. In short, they are the good manners and personality traits needed to get along with others and build positive relationship. Hard Skills: Hard skillswhich include a person's technical skill set and ability to perform certain functional tasks, soft skills are broadly applicable across job titles and industries. It's often said that hard skills will get you an interview but you need soft skills to get -- and keep -- the job. Intelligence: The persons who are spontaneous, logical & analytical to solve a problem. IQ-Intelligence Question. Wisdom: The person who knows everything by experienced. Knowledgeable: The persons who read a lot is knowledgeable. He knows anything with laws.
  • 7. 7 Spontaneity: People who take right decisions at right time are spontanious. Emotional intelligence is maturity. Attitude: Attitude is the thinking process. Behavior: Behavior is the process how you react with others. Example: Empathy Sympathy Helping one by thinking the situations. Just showing Kindness. Common-sense: Common-sense comes from awareness.
  • 8. 8 Leadership: In the broadest sense of the word, a "leader" is someone who brings people together and guides them toward a common goal. Anyone can tell others what to do, but effective leadership requires much more than the ability to assign tasks to a group. 10 Leadership Tips: 1. Work hard to get ahead. 2. Strive for success, but remain humble. 3. Allow your "great idea" to evolve and change. 4. Acknowledge your own shortcomings. 5. Hire (and promote) the right people. 6. Ask for help when you need it. 7. Seek out a mentor. 8. Don't make promises you can't keep. 9. Always challenge and encourage yourself. 10. Earn your team's respect Leadership Needs-  Role model concept.  Believe that people will love you.  Creating trust in people.  Always motivate people.  Loved to do any job effectively.  Trustworthy.  Integrity.
  • 9. 9 Chapter 02: Theoretical Framework IT: Information Technology is the application of computers to store, retrive, transmit and manipulate data often in the context of a business or other enterprise. IT is considered a subset of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Information and Communications Technology (ICT): ICT is an extended term for Information Technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communication and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software,middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information. The term ICT is also used to refer to the convergence of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. IT Enabled services (ITES): ITES also called web enabled services or remote services or Tele- working, covers the entire gamut of operations which exploit Information Technology for improving efficiency of an organization. These services provide a wide range of career options that include opportunities in call Centers, medical transcription, medical billing and coding, back office operations, revenue claims processing, legal databases, content development, payrolls, logistics management ,GIS (Geographical Information System), HR services, web services etc. Leveraging ICT: Leveraging ICT for Growth, Employment and Governance is a project of Bangladesh Computer Council (BCC) under the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology. The project has been launched in January 2013 aiming to develop a vibrant and healthy Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology-Enabled Services industry in five years by identifying the strategies, programs and investment needed for the country to leverage ICT for economic growth and competitiveness. The primary objectives of the project are to catalyze the growth of Bangladesh’s IT/ITES industry for employment creation and export diversification. The project will also cater the need of public sector modernization through development of policies, guidelines, e- government interoperability framework (eGFI) and capacity development of the government people. Software:Computer software, or simply software, is that part of a computer system that consists of encoded information or computer instructions, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built. The term is roughly synonymous with computer program, but is more generic in scope.
  • 10. 10 Electronics: Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the electrons have a fundamental role. Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive electrical components and interconnection technologies. Internet: Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a network of network that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless, and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony, and peer-to-peer networks for file sharing. Electronic Commerce: Electronic commerce commonly written as e-commerce orecommerce, is the trading or facilitation of trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet. Electronic commerce draws on technologies such as mobile commerce, electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web for at least one part of the transaction's life cycle, although it may also use other technologies such as e-mail. E-commerce businesses may employ some or all of the following:  Online shopping web sites for retail sales direct to consumers  Providing or participating in online marketplaces, which process third-party business- to-consumer or consumer-to-consumer sales  Business-to-business buying and selling  Gathering and using demographic data through web contacts and social media  Business-to-business electronic data interchange  Marketing to prospective and established customers by e-mail or fax (for example, with newsletters  Engaging in retail for launching new products and services  Online financial exchanges for currency exchanges or trading purposes World Bank: The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loansto developing countries for capital programs. It comprises two institutions: the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), and the International Development Association (IDA). The World Bank is a component of the World Bank Group, which is part of the United Nations system. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty. However, according to its Articles of Agreement, all its decisions must be guided by a commitment to the promotion of foreign investment and international trade and to the facilitation of Capital investment.
  • 11. 11 BTRC: The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission is an independent commission founded under the Bangladesh Telecommunication Act, 2001 (Act # 18 of 2001). The BTRC is responsible for regulating all matters related to telecommunications (wire, cellular, satellite and cable) of Bangladesh. Interview: An interview is a conversation where questions are asked and answers are given. In common parlance, the word "interview" refers to a one-on-one conversation with one person acting in the role of the interviewer and the other in the role of the interviewee. The interviewer asks questions, the interviewee responds, with participants taking turns talking. Interviews usually involve a transfer of information from interviewee to interviewer, which is usually the primary purpose of the interview, although information transfers can happen in both directions simultaneously. One can contrast an interview which involves bi- directional communication with a one-way flow of information, such as a speech or oration. Communication: Communication (from Latin ‘communicate’ meaning "to share") is the act of conveying intended meaning to another entity through the use of mutually understood signs and semiotic rules. The basic steps of communication are the forming of communicative intent, message composition, message encoding, and transmission of signal, reception of signal, message decoding and finally interpretation of the message by the recipient. CV: Curriculum vitae, a summary of academic and professional history and achievements. Body language: Body language is a kind of nonverbal communication, where thoughts, intentions, or feelings are expressed by physical behaviors, such as facial expressions, body posture, gestures, eye movement, touch and the use of space. Body language exists in both animals and humans, but this article focuses on interpretations of human body language. It is also known as kinesics.
  • 12. 12 Chapter 03: Communication Skills Communication: Two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants not only exchange (encode-decode) information, news, ideas and feelings but also create and share meaning. In business, it is a key function of management. An organization cannot operate without communication between levels, departments and employees. How to be Effective in Communication? As a Sender-  Know the receiver  Use appropriate language  Use multiple channels if possible  Repeat if required  Seek feedback  Ensure understanding of message  Be empathic! As a Receiver-  Know the Sender  Listen / read with intent  Seek Clarification when needed  Use multiple channels to receive  Give feedback  Be empathic! Types of Communication: Verbal Non verbal Oral Written o Signs o Body language o Paralanguage o Silence o Face 2 face o Telephone o Meetings o Letters o E-mails o Boards o Pictures Non-verbal Communication: It’s not what you say! It’s how you say!  Humans are capable of producing 6,50,000 nonverbal signals
  • 13. 13  Nonverbal Communication contains 65 % - 95 % of your message  Actual words carry only 5% - 35% of your message Communication Barriers:  Our Perceptions  Pre-conceived notions  Assumptions  Stereo types  Negative attitude Communication Skills: The ability to convey information to another effectively and efficiently. Business managers with good verbal, no verbal and written communication skills help facilitate the sharing of information between people within a company for its commercial benefit. English Communication Skill: L- Listening S- Speaking R- Reading W- Writing Listening: The difference between Hearing, Listening and Active listening: Hearing is a physical ability while listening is a skill that can be learned. Listening skills allow one to make sense of and understand what another person is saying. Unfortunately, emphasis upon the teaching of listening skills is given little attention in most training courses. According to results of different studies, we remember  25-50% of what we hear;  60-75% of oral communication is ignored, misunderstood, or quickly forgotten. Also, another studies revealed that if you are a good listener, you should find it easy to establish positive working relationships with your boss as well as your colleagues. The important point is that listening is a process; it is possible to train people to adapt their listening styles: active, passive, and serious. Other styles of listening styles: attentive, retentive, reflective, and reactive. Hearing is a passive action consequence of our auditory system unwittingly captures the sound around as a reaction to external stimuli that happens faster than any other sense.
  • 14. 14 Listening is an active action, it requires focus, is a skill can be improved or lost. Losing the ability to listen, means not going deaf, but be dominated by "digital distraction" and information overload that were becoming an epidemic in a world that is exchanging convenience for content, speed for meaning. Levels of Listening: 1. Ignoring 2. Pretending we are listening. 3. Selective listening. 4. Attentive listening. 5. Empathic listening. (It is with the heart that one sees rightly what is essential is invisible to the eye.) Listening Skills:  Learn to listen with your face.  Eye contact enhances the quality of Listening.  Send out positive non-verbal signals.  Stop talking while listening. Stages of Listening: Hearing : focusing on and attending to the message Understanding : obtaining the literal message meaning. Remembering : recalling the message for future action. Evaluating :logic applied to the assessment of the message value. Responding :choosing an appropriate response to what is heard. How to be a Good Speaker:  Slow Down Your Speaking Speed  Give Yourself Time to Think  Learn Sentences, Not Only Words  Learn to Listen  Practise Your Interrogatives Barriers to Communication:  Language Barriers  Interpersonal Barriers  Situational-Timing Barriers Language Barriers-  Language Barriers deal with the way our words are understood.  Problems arise from words that are…
  • 15. 15  Incorrectly used  Used out of context  Too specialized  Too many different meanings  Too Complex  Grammatically incorrect Interpersonal Barriers-  Interpersonal Barriers deal with the differences and personal characteristics of the sender and the reciever that hinder communication.  Age  Status  Role  Cultural Differences  Experiences, background and personalities impact how a message is decoded. Situational and Timing Barriers-  S.T.B. deal with the time and place where communication takes place.  The amount of noise in the environment affects how well we understand , and can be understood.  We need to match our communication style with the situation.
  • 16. 16 Chapter 04: Group Discussion Formal or Informal and voluntary gathering of individuals (in person, through a conference call, or website) to exchange ideas, information, and suggestions on needs, problems, subjects, etc., of mutual interest. GD tests…  Interpersonal skills  Communication skills Why are GDs held……………? Most Commonly at MACRO levels  To assess group/team behaviour /dynamics.  Facilitates a simulated platform to measure potentiality. Also tests at MICRO levels  Leadership Skills.  Motivational Skills.  Team play.  Divergent Thinking.  Listening Skills.  Presentation Skills.  Analytical/Logical Skills. Types of GDs: 1. On the spot group discussion. 2. Case study model. Group Discussion – (Communication Style): Passive  Won’t express feelings.  Won’t disagree.  Others have more rights than I do.  Indirect expressions  Always agrees
  • 17. 17  Hesitant.  Apologetic, Self-conscious  Trusts others, but not self.  Allows others take decisions for self.  Doesn't get what he wants. Aggressive  Everyone should be like me.  I am never wrong.  I got rights. But you don’t.  Closed mind.  Poor listener  Dominating and bullying  Shakes fingers.  Frowns – glares –stares. Rigid.  Critical and loud. Assertive  Believes in self and others.  Focus win-win.  Active listener  Non-judgmental.  Confident.  Open and natural gestures  Direct eye-contact.  Enthusiasm.  Even tempered.  Balanced mind. Do’s:  Revise standard topics.  Be aware of the latest current affairs.  Memorize basic facts and figures.  Never hesitate to be the first one to speak.  Be mentally agile.  Hold your stand  Build rapport  Listen carefully  Try to cite as many examples as possible.
  • 18. 18 GOLDEN RULE - If you don’t speak well, you will be rejected DON’Ts:  No Negative Body Language  Don’t attack people…attack the topic  Never look towards the GD co-ordinator.  Never contradict your previous point.  Never disagree with any candidate in a blunt manner. Important Points to Remember:  As the name suggests – this is a discussion NOT a debate.  Aim is not to win/lose – it is to express your opinion while respecting other’s views. Group Discussion – Body Language: Sitting Posture. Cross legged/arms. Use of Finger. Use of Palm. Eye Contact. Hand/Fists positions. Drumming/Fidgeting. Facial Expressions. Hand on neck/head. Wrong Ideas:  Have to be Aggressive to be selected.  Speaking more is required.  Always speak in favor.  Everyone must agree to your point.  What you say must be unique.  Wait till there is time to talk. Common Doubts:  What if I am not fluent in English?  What if topic is totally unknown?  I know a lot but not others.  If I am aggressive.  If I have low voice.  What should my stand be?  Can I agree which I disagree in the beginning?  Is there a need to conclude?
  • 19. 19 Maturity Ability to handle the situation at hand .  how he/she puts across his/her opinion  how the participant handles opposition  how the participant handles pressure  how the participant either  Mingles/follows/leads the team. Types of Candidates: 1. Shocked. 2. Balloon. 3. Lukewarm. 4. Coordinator/Leader (self-appointed). 5. Winner. The Assessment- Spoken English: Must be logical, Coherent, simple sentences nothing esoteric. Knowledge: The amount of genuine facts and figures quoted by a candidate…no beating around the bush Convincing Power: Ability to push his/her ideas to the group while appreciating others point of view.
  • 20. 20 Chapter 05: Grooming & Body Language Grooming: In Global Scenario-  Understanding personal cleanliness and hygiene.  Identifying guidelines for dressing up.  Clothes.  Hair grooming.  Tattoo and body piercing.  Professional and casual business attire for men & women. Body Language: Signs displayed by the body, that either match or contradict what is being said or heard. Component of Body Language: 1. Eye contact. 2. Smile. 3. Facial signals. 4. Handshakes. 5. Gestures. 6. Body posture. Types of Body Language: 1. Aggressive. 2. Bored. 3. Closed. 4. Deceptive. 5. Defensive. 6. Emotional. 7. Evaluating. 8. Open. 9. Power. 10. Relaxed 11. Submissive. Aggressive Body Language:  Facial signals.
  • 21. 21  Attack signals.  Exposing oneself.  Facial expression Bored Body Language:  Distraction.  Repetition. Closed Body Language:  Arms cross.  Legs cross.  Looking down or away. Deceptive Body Language:  No eye contact.  Anxiety.  Control.  Distracted. Defensive Body Language:  Covering vital organs.  Fending off.  Seeking escape. Emotional Body Language:  Anger.  Fear & nervousness.  Sadness. Evaluating Body Language:  Hand movement.  Relaxed intensity. Open Body Language:  Arms and legs open.  Looking around and at the other persons.  Relaxed clothing. Power Body Language:
  • 22. 22  Handshake.  Touching.  Talking and emotion. Relaxed Body Language:  Torso.  Breathing.  Relaxed limbs. Submissive Body Language:  Body position.  Submissive gestures. How to Improve Body Language:  Paying conscious attention.  Watching TV.  Making some notes.  Interpret non- verbal cues in relation to the context.  Practice & observe people.
  • 23. 23 Chapter 06: Corporate Etiquette & Core Values Time Management Techniques- It is number of seconds in each day [24 hours X 60 minutes x 60 seconds = 86400] It is what we do during the 86400 seconds of each day that will ultimately determine how successful we are in our chosen careers Both winners and losers have the same time. It is how they use it, will decide whether they win or lose. What Goes Wrong? Managing time meaningfully is a challenge to many, because: o We may not want to manage time [we have too much or too less time] o We may not know how to manage time [barriers] 5 Step Process of Change: 1. Create a time log to analyze your time. 2. Write down the time wasters. 3. Analyze your time wasting habits /behavior. 4. Visualize the time saving habit. 5. Develop time saving habit. Before proceeding further, maintain a time management note book. How to analyze our time? Time Analysis:  Without changing any habit, log your time spent at work for a month.
  • 24. 24  After logging, analyze the month’s work in terms of time spent under quadrant I, II, III, IV.  Analyze your time spent against the results you expected.  If you are not happy with the results – there is need for change in your time spending habits. Time Principles:  Plan your work.  Prioritize the key activities.  Delegate where required.  Make work into chunks.  Dump some activities. 12 Most Common Time Wasters:  Disorganized workplace.  Telephones / visitors.  Interruption/ distraction.  Procrastination.  Junk paper work.  Crisis situations.  Reverse delegation.  Perfectionism.  E-mails / blogs.  Internet. The KISS Principle: K-KEEP I-IT S-SHORT AND S-SIMPLE
  • 25. 25 Raft Technique: R-Refer it A-Act on it F-File it (or) T-Throw it away Handle Information Logically:  By subject category.  Alphabetical order.  By date.  By color.  Geographical order.  Numerical order.  Chronological. Get into New Habit: Step 1 – Define your Role Step 2 – Set your Monthly Goals Step 3 – Schedule your Weekly Step 4 – Prepare your daily ‘to-do’ list Step 5 – Act on it, now! It takes 21 days to create a habit, say psychologists 6 Steps to Effective Daily Plans:  First five minute planning.  Review your yesterday’s ‘To-do’ list.  Carry forward unfinished activities to today’s list.  Plan tomorrow’s activities. Practice KISS in everything you do – letters, mails, phone, meetings Organize your electronic info. systematically
  • 26. 26  Prioritize things to do.  Update status of work at the end of the day. Team Building: Together every one achieve more Group vs. Team: A Bunch of Individuals (Group). 1+1+1+1+1= 5 An Encouraging Winning Team. 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120 Team Shared goal Group People Collective
  • 28. 28 Good Team has ‘GRIP’: o Goals o Roles o Interpersonal skills o Processes In Human Relations, The Most Importan  6 words are…. ‘I admit I made a mistake’  5 words are…. ‘You did a good job’  4 words are…. ‘What is your opinion?’  3 words are…. ‘Will you please?’  2 words are…. ‘Thank you’  1 word is…. ‘We’ Ethics: What Does It Really Mean?  Derived from Greek word ‘Ethicos’ meaning Character or Manners.  Science of character of a person expressed as right or wrong conduct or action.  Set of moral principles prescribing code, explains what is good and right, or bad and wrong. Meaning of Ethics: “Ethics can be termed as the science of character of a person expressed as right or wrong conduct or action”. Objective of Ethics: 1. Studies human behaviour and makes evaluative assessment about them as moral or immoral. 2. Establishes moral standards and norms of behaviour. 3. Makes judgment upon human behaviour based on these standards and norms. 4. Prescribes moral behaviour and makes recommendations about how to or how not to behave. 5. Expresses an opinion or attitude about human conduct in general. The least important word is…. ‘I’
  • 29. 29 Common Unethical Acts...  Lying and withholding needed information.  Abusive or intimidating behaviour.  Misreporting time worked.  Discrimination and sexual harassment.  Stealing.  Breaking environmental and safety laws.  Falsifying records.  Drug or alcohol abuse.  Giving or accepting bribes. Why Misconduct Is Not Reported...  Belief that nothing will be done.  Fear of retaliation.  Fear of being viewed as a troublemaker. Why Ethical Problems Occur?  Personal gain.  Individual values widely differ with Social values and goals.  Competitive pressures.  Cross-Cultural contradictions. Sources of Ethical Norms: Fellow Workers Family Friends The Law Regions of Country Profession Employer Society at LargeReligious Beliefs The Individual Conscience Culture
  • 30. 30 What is Value? :  Qualities, characteristics, or ideas about which we feel strongly.  Our values affect our decisions, goals and behaviour.  A belief or feeling that someone or something is worthwhile.  Values define what is of worth, what is beneficial, and what is harmful  Values are standards to guide your action, judgments, and attitudes. Hypocrite – One who subscribes to one set of values, and does another. Immaturity - One who has not identified his value. Immaturity:  Unclear values  Drifters  Flighty  Uncertain  Apathetic Maturity:  Clear values  Life of purpose  Meaning and direction Direction: Values – Goals – Behaviour – Self-value.  Values give direction and consistency to behaviour.  Values help you know what to and not to make time for.  Values establish a relationship between you and the world.  Values set the direction for one’s life. Where Do We Get Values? :  our homes, school, society,  friends, TV, church, music, books, families,  culture,  employers,  Time-period in which you were raised (70’s anti-establishment, peace, individuality. 80’s money, prestige, don’t get caught, etc. 90’s earth, green peace, health and fitness), etc. Age Will Greatly Influence Values-
  • 31. 31 Different People and Things Influence at Different Ages:  Ages 1-7 --- parents  Ages 8-13 --- teachers, heroes (sports, rocks, TV)  Ages 14-20 --- peers (values because of peers or peers because of values?)  Ages 21+ values are established, but may test values from time to time. Value vs Facts: Values Facts Values are things we feel “should”, “ought”, or “are supposed to” influence our lives. VALUE: All people should be active in a specific religion. VALUE: The best time to buy clothing is when the price is discounted. A value is a statement of one’s personal beliefs. Facts simply state what actually are. It is easy to confuse values with facts. FACT: Many people are active in a specific religion. FACT: The most economical time to buy clothing is when the seasons change and the price is reduced. A fact is established by observation and measurement. Values and Behaviours:  Happiness comes from letting values decide your behaviour and goals.  Values can change over a life-time as your experiences change your view. Types of Values: 1. Moral 2. Material 3. Aesthetic 4. Intrinsic 5. Extrinsic 6. Universal/American 7. Group specific values
  • 32. 32 Chapter 07: Basic IT Literacy Agenda:  Computer hardware, software, networking and security;  Office productivity tools - word processing, spread sheets and presentations;  Internet and social media  Questions. Basic Computer Hardware: Input Devices: devices that input information into the computer such as a keyboard, mouse, scanner, and digital camera. Output Devices: devices that output information from the computer such as a printer and monitor. Central Processing Unit: CPU (Central Processing Unit) also called the Microprocessor or “The Brain” of the Computer. Processor speed: The speed at which a microprocessor executes instructions. This is usually measured in megahertz (MHz). Brands of Processors include: 1. Pentium 2.Celeron 3.MAC 4.AMD 5.Cyrix Data Storage Devices:  The hard-drive is a mechanical storage device typically located internally.  Fast recording and recovery of data  Large storage capacity  Magnetic  Primary storage device for data and programs  Speed is measured in R.P.M.’s  CD-ROM (compact disk read only memory)  Approximately 600 to 700 megabyte of storage  An optical device read by a diode laser  FLASH drive is a compact and portable electronic storage device.  USB (plug and play) supported
  • 33. 33 Computer Memory:  Computer memory is binary (0 or 1) (on or off).  The byte is the standard unit of measurement.  A byte is composed of 8 bits (binary digits).  Typical units of measurement: 1 KB (kilobyte) = 1000 bytes 1 MB (megabyte) =1000 kilobytes or 1 million bytes 1 GB (gigabyte) =1000 megabytes or 1 billion bytes Computer Memory: RAM (random access memory) stores data that is processing. This type of memory is erased when the computer is turned off. ROM (read only memory) contains special instructions for the computer to operate. Cache memory increases the speed of the processor by recording and anticipating instructions. Graphic User Interface (GUI): GUI (Graphic User Interface) is a set of images and icons seen on the desktop used to operate a program. o The GUI makes the programs loaded on the computer easier to access and use. Basic Windows GUI o Icons are small pictures that represent files, commands, or windows. o Windows is a GUI operating system unlike UNIX, which uses text commands. Video Cards:  Video cards plug into the motherboard and are used to display video.  VRAM is video memory that enhances the refreshment rate of the image.  Video cards have chipsets that can increase the speed of video display. Ports and Peripherals: Ports are an interface between the computer and another peripheral device such as a disk drive, mouse, printer, modem, monitor, camera, FLASH drive or keyboard. Examples:
  • 34. 34 Serial, Parallel, hot-wire, USB Peripherals are devices that plug into a computer and are not housed internally. Examples: Printers,, Scanners, Cameras LAN, WAN & Multiprocessing: LAN: are networks usually in the same company or building. The Local Area Network is connected via telephone lines or radio waves. Most LANs connect workstations. WAN: are systems of LANs that are connected. (Wide-area network) In multiprocessing, more than one CPU is used to complete a task. Example: network rendering. Multimedia: Multimedia software programs include sound, pictures, video, text, and hypertext to create presentations. Software includes:  PowerPoint  Macromedia Director  FLASH Basic Security: What Does It Mean to Be Secure?
  • 35. 35 “Include protection of information from theft or corruption, or the preservation of availability, as defined in the security policy.” Types of Security: 2. Network Security 3. System and software security 4. Physical Security. Some Types of Attacks: o Network Attacks o Packet sniffing, man-in-the-middle, DNS hacking o Web attacks o Phishing, SQL Injection, Cross Site Scripting o OS, applications and software attacks o Virus, Trojan, Worms, Rootkits, Buffer Overflow o Social Engineering o (NOT social networking) o Not all hackers are evil wrongdoers trying to steal your info o Ethical Hackers, Consultants, Penetration testers, Researchers. Virus: Definition Piece of code that automatically reproduces itself. It’s attached to other programs or files, but requires user intervention to propagate.  Infection (targets/carriers)  Executable files  Boot sectors Documents (macros), scripts (web pages), etc. Propagation is made by the user. The mechanisms are storage elements, mails, and downloaded files or shared folders. Computer Security Issues:  Vulnerability is a point where a system is susceptible to attack.  A threat is a possible danger to the system. The danger might be a person (a system cracker or a spy), a thing (a faulty piece of equipment), or an event (a fire or a flood) that might exploit a vulnerability of the system.
  • 36. 36  Counter measures are techniques for protecting your system. Goals of Computer Security: Integrity: Guarantee that the data is what we expect Confidentiality: The information must just be accessible to the authorized people Reliability: Computers should work without having unexpected problems Authentication: Guarantee that only authorized persons can access to the resources. How Can We Achieve Security? : 1. Many techniques exist for ensuring computer and network security  Cryptography  Secure networks  Antivirus software  Firewalls 2. In addition, users have to practice “safe computing”  Not downloading from unsafe websites  Not opening attachments  Not trusting what you see on websites  Avoiding Scams Why Care? :  Online banking, trading, purchasing may be insecure Credit card and identity theft.  Personal files could be corrupted All school work, music, videos, etc. may be lost.  Computer may become too slow to run If you aren't part of the solution you are part of the problem.  Upon discovery, vulnerabilities can be used against many computers connected to the internet.
  • 37. 37 Internet:  A world-wide network of computers allows people to share information electronically.  Like a BIG book with many web-pages on different topics.  Can be accessed anywhere with an Internet connection. The Use of Internet:  Search and Apply for jobs or schools  Send e-mail messages.  Send (upload) or receive (down load) files between computers.  Participate in discussion groups, such as mailing lists and newsgroups.  Surfing the web.  keeping in touch with friends and family  finding information on almost any topic you can think of  accessing all sorts of online content like news, sport, weather and entertainment  online shopping and banking and for planning holidays  Finding the government information and services you might need when you need them.A company that provides Internet access for customers (examples: Comcast, Qwest, AOL).  Your computer connects to the Internet Service Provider (ISP), then to the Internet. How to Connect to The Internet? : Three main ways to connect to the Internet 3. Dial-Up 4. High Speed/DSL 5. Wireless Connection (Wi-Fi). Internet Browser Software: Internet browser software is the software you need on your internet device to view and access content on the internet. You might also hear the software being called a 'web browser'. There are a range of options for which browser you might use. Your choice will depend on your circumstances. Some browser software names include:  Internet Explorer  Firefox  Safari: for Apples/Macintosh  Chrome, and
  • 38. 38  Opera. Internet Services:  Electronic Mail (e-mail)  World Wide Web  Telnet  File Transfer Protocol (FTP)  Internet Telephone  Web TV/Radio  Internet Relay Chat  News Groups E-mail Service Providers & Search Engines:  G-Mail  Yahoo Mail  Hot Mail  Google  Yahoo etc….. Handling Common Problems: Pop Up Ads - You can get rid of them by simply clicking on the X in the upper right hand corner of the box containing the ad. Page Not Found - The most common reason for a Page Not Found error is a typo, so first check the address that you have typed to make sure that it is a valid address with no spaces or mistakes. Web Traffic - During certain times of the day, there is more traffic on the Internet, making Web sites appears more slowly. Stuck in a Page - Just right-click on a hyperlink and choose Open in New Window, and you will have broken free. Internet Safety Tips ……  Install anti-virus software. You can buy or download this.  Do not open emails from people you do not know.  Do not open an attachment from someone you know unless you know what the attachment is. There is a chance it could contain a virus.  Do not download (save things from sites) that you do not understand and trust. Social Media:
  • 39. 39 Social media refers to online tools and services which allow an exchange of ideas, information, videos, pictures, and graphics — just about anything you can name. Social media also allows easy sharing and distribution of existing content to others so that professional work can be shared through networks. Types of Social Media Services: 1. Social Networking Sites (Facebook, Google+) 2. Bookmarking Sites and Social News Sites (Dig) 3. Blogs and Microblogs (Twitter, Tumbler) 4. Shopping Sites (Amazon) 5. Multimedia Sharing (YouTube, Flickr) 6. Virtual Worlds (World of Warcraft, Second Life). Advantages of Social Networking:  Fast communication  Direct communication  Low costs  Meet celebrities  Be informed about your friends  Share your experiments (music, video etc.)  Keeping contact with family, friends and colleagues  Building new/ old friendships  Sharing interests and hobbies  Exchange with people around the world  Employees are searched by companies (good profile)  Can play games.
  • 40. 40 Chapter 08: CV Writing and Interview Skill CV Writing Guidelines: General Guidelines-  Throughout the document, the headers/titles are required to be mentioned as inthe template.  Donotchangethetitleofanysub-headerintheCV.IncaseaheaderlikeProject training/Work experience is not applicable, delete the entire section as per theguidelines below.  The font style for the entire CV (including header and footer) is Times New Roman.  The font size for the entire CV should be uniform. Acceptable font sizes are in therange 11 to12.  Filledcircularbulletsaretobeused,asindicated.Sub-bulletsarealsotobefilled bullets, of a smaller size, as in thetemplate.  ConvertthewordfileintoaPDF.CheckthePDFversionofthefilebeforesubmitting, so as to check for any potential alignmenterrors. 1. Header  Insertthefullnameintheheader.Thenameshouldbewrittenwithonlythefirstletter s capitalized. E.g. Salman Rashid. The enclosing brackets need to be removedafter inserting the relevanttext.  Do not alter the position of any of thetags. 2. ProfileSummary  Provide a brief (two line) description of the background of thetrainee.  Example: CSE Graduate from Dhaka University with Top UP IT training in DotNet Track, MCSE and 1 year experience as a Python programmer interested in a career asa Mobile applicationdeveloper. 3. Training under LICT Project,BCC  Write the course name- Top-Up IT or Foundation Skills in the firstcolumn.  Write the Batch details like Batch ID and University name in the secondcolumn.  Write the Specialization track .e.g. Java, Web Design, Android, which the
  • 41. 41 traineeis currently undergoing in the trainingprogram.  Write the date of start and end of the batch in fourth and fifth columnrespectively. 4. Education  Write the Masters/Bachelor Degree and specialization in the first column. e.g.B.Sc., MBA.  Write the period during which the course was under taken. In case the trainee isstill pursuing the course, the period should cover the tentative year of graduation e.g.2010-14  Write the major or specialization of the course. E.g. Electrical andElectronics Engineering (EEE) or Management Information Systems(MIS).  Write the name of the university or institute where the trainee is pursued/pursuingher/his degree program. E.g. DhakaUniversity  Write the CGPA or percentage attained during the course. E.g. 3.4/5. Mentionany achievement during the course. e.g. First Division, Dean’sList 5. Technical/ProfessionalCertifications  Write the full name of the certification in the first column. E.g. Cisco CertifiedNetwork Associate(CCNA).  Write the year in which the certification wascompleted.  Write the technical skills gained from the certification in the third column. E.g.Network Types, Network Media, Switching Fundamentals,TCP/IP 6. ICTSkills  Write the technical skills acquired during the current ICT training program. E.g.Core Java, Advanced Java, HTML, HTML5, CSS3,Hadoop 7. WorkExperience  Write the name of the organization/institute where the trainee currently works orhas previouslyworked.  Write the duration of service at the organization/institute in the second and thirdcolumn.  Write the total duration of service in the organization/institute. E.g. 3.4 years, 8months  Write a brief description of the role performed at the organization/institute. E.g.ensured timely service delivery to clients; lead a team of twoprogrammers.
  • 42. 42 8. Project/Training/Internships  Write the name of the project or training undertaken. E.g. Performance evaluationof VLSI testingcircuit.  Write the name of the organization/institute in which the training or internshipwas undertaken; write the duration of the project/training/internship and anyother achievement during the project/training/internship. E.g. Mastermind Ltd.; 2 months;Won first prize in projectevaluation 9. Extra-Curricular Activities/Position ofResponsibility  Write the details of any position held during college/university, name ofthe college/university and duration when the position was held. E.g. Secretary-Student Affairs; Dhaka University;2012-14 10. PersonalDetails  Write the gender, approximate age, Email ID, Phone number and Address of thetrainee. E.g. Male; 24 year; ajajahmed@gmail.com; +8801712233445; 14C,Splendour Apartment, Gulshan 2,Dhaka 11. Footer  Write the name of the course the trainee has undertaken or is currently undertaking inthe ICT Project. E.g. Foundation Skills, Top-UpIT  Write the specialization course which the trainee is undertaking. E.g. Java,Mobile ApplicationDevelopment
  • 43. 43 Interview Skills: A structured meeting between a candidate and an employer. Interviewing is a Two-Way Street: Employers are attempting to determine if you are an appropriate fit for the job and their culture.You decide if the environment is right for you. The Purpose of an Interview: The Applicants Perspectives  Persuading the prospective employer to hire you.  Displaying confidence in your ability to perform competently.  Demonstrating interest in the employers’ needs and interests.  Demonstrating behavior’s consistent with your advance “publicity”. The Employers Perspectives The purpose of the interview from the employer’s point of view is to assess/evaluate your suitability, relative to other applicants. By-  Verifying information supplied in your work search documentation.  Asking questions, listening to your responses and observing your body language.  Exploring your values, beliefs, expectations, skills, and qualifications as they relate to the type of work you are seeking.  Gathering information about you to help in making an informed decision. Types of Interviews: Phone : used to screen & narrow the pool of applicants. One-on-One: most common interview style and incorporates you with the potential employer. Panel: Many individuals interview candidate together. Stress Interviews: Used for specific roles.
  • 44. 44 Meal: used to see how you interact in a social setting. On-site Interview: Allows a tour of the facility, meet the staff, and additional questioning from different managers. Telephonic Interviews: o Increasingly used as the first selection method – aim is to filter o Be prepared for call – avoid clueless response o Get to a noise free place o Zero distractions o Simulate a business environment o Have your resume in place o Request reschedule if called without notice & are not prepared. o Practice answers out-loud Important Do's and Don’ts: o Enter with confidence o Walking to the interview table – Smile and Greet – Hand Shake – Make Eye Contact. o Take a seat only after you are asked to o Sit confidently o Take your time – think and answer – don’t rush o Asking for water o Placing your bag or other belongings o Cell phone o Managing sudden itches o Yawning o Sneezing o Eye contact o Dress code o Para language o Managing silence o Facial expression o What to do when offered a cup of coffee/tea/any other drink o Smoking before interview o Bad breath management o Chewing Pan/’Gutka’/Gum o Perfumes and deodorants o Handling a panel in place of a single interviewer o Don’t give-up during the entire interview o Thank and leave the room Interview Myths:
  • 45. 45  The best person for the job gets it  Interviews are like school exams— the more you say, the better you’ll do  Interviewers know what they’re doing  Never say ‘I don’t know’  Good-looking people get the job  If you answer the questions better than the others, you’ll get the job  You should try to give the perfect answer  You must ask questions to demonstrate your interest and intelligence  Relax and just be yourself  Interviewers are looking for flaws Common Interview Mistakes:  No Communication Skills  Failing to express oneself clearly  Not being aware of one’s body language  Failing to control those nerves  Failing to give appropriate examples  Trying too hard to please the interviewer Body Language in Interviews: 1. Sit all the way back in your seat. 2. Don't go for direct eye contact 3. Show your palms. 4. Use hand gestures while speaking. 5. Plant your feet on the ground 6. Nod your head while listening. 7. Lean in Sitting Position:  Attention  Sitting on the edge of the chair  Leaning forward and making eye contact while you answer
  • 46. 46 Avoid his Posture in an Interview:  Crossed legs  Legs crossed at ankle  Hands on the table  Arms crossed on chest Right Way to Sit  Hands comfortably and naturally placed either in the lap or on the arm rest; Avoid this in an Interview:  Putting objects in mouth  Rubbing eye  Rubbing Nose  Head in the hand  Covering mouth  Cracking Knuckles  Wringing hands or drumming fingers  Hands on hips  Hands in the pocket Handshake !!!: 1. Firm handshake. 2. Glove handshake Types of handshakes: 1. Palm up 2. Palm Down 3. Fingertip-grab handshake 4. Dead fish 7 Ways to Banish (Almost) All of Your Pre-Interview Jitters 1. Meditate and Breathe 2. Eat a Banana 3. Exercise
  • 47. 47 4. Visualize Success 5. Do a Power Pose 6. Smile Like You Mean It 7. Practice Over Confident: marked by excessiveconfidence;"anarrogantandcocksurematerialist"; Eye Contact: Making the right amount of eye contact in an interview can make the difference in whether you successfully snag a job. According to UCLA professor and researcher Albert Mehrabian, 55 percent of messages processed by the brain are based on a person's body language. This means that your facial and eye movements are constantly being judged -- perhaps even more so than the skills and previous employment listed on your resume. The eyes become the window into your interest level, confidence and professionalismduring an interview. When you establish good eye contact, you'll feel heard and appear likable. Convincing them you’re right for the job: Correct preparation • Knowing the things that are important to interviewers. • Practicing your answers. • Perseverance.
  • 48. 48 Interview – Few Basic Questions: Some Other Important Questions:  Tell me about yourself?  Why should I hire you?  What is your expectation from the company?  Describe your ideal career?  What is your strength?  What is your weakness?
  • 49. 49 Conclusion: Internship is a link between abstract knowledge and matter-of-fact knowledge. Now that I have accomplished my Internship, I believe the knowledge that I have obtained in the training program will be demonstrated vital for me to go in advance in my professional life. All through my internship I have realized how modern Science and Information Technology have been contributing more and more to the development of operational and management process. It will be a career decisive and days transforming chance for the graduates who would get selected and qualify for this fullyfunded, government program. They will beable to learn from qualified trainers, interact with industry leaders and receive a recognized certificate if they qualify the certification examinations and meet the strict attendance requirements. The programs will open up national and international career opportunities to the graduate’s post these programs as the programs are employment linked. To serve in the profession well, employees need to be skilful in many areas faster development of new business strategies, shrinking company formalities, handling times, improving personal grooming & body language and increasing and maintaining knowledge of professional skills for accomplishing all these goals. Free-lancing is now-a-days an important IT sector by which a graduate or non-graduate can contribute in national and global economy.