Asexual Method of plant propagation

1. Plant Propagation Methods
(विरुिामा प्रशारण बिधि )
Sexual Propagation
(लैंधिक प्रशारण)
Asexual / Vegetative Propagation
(अलैंधिक प्रशारण )
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

2. Sexual Propagation (लैंधिक प्रशारण)
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

3. Asexual Propagation (अलैंधिक प्रशारण)
1. Cuttings (कट िंि)
2. Grafting (ग्राफ् िंि)
3. Layering (लेयररिंि)
4. Budding (िड िंि)
5. Tissue Culture
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

5. Advantages of Vegetative Propagation:
1. The progenies are true to type like mother plant.
2. Vegetative propagation is the only alternate where no seed is formed or germination of seed is very
slow or no viable seed is formed. (e.g. Banana, Pine apple and roses, seedless grape ).
3. Certain rootstock has the capacity of resisting or tolerating the adverse environment factors such as
frost and adverse soil factors like salinity or alkalinity. E.g. frost resistance, foncirus trifoliate (Trifoliate
orange ). Rangpur lime.
4. The ability of certain rootstock to resistant pest and diseases can be advantageously expected. An
apple when grafted on rootstock like Merton 778,793 is resistant for wholly aphid.
5. Vegative propagated plants are generally dwarfed in nature than the seedlings. Dwarf trees facilitate
pruning spraying and harvesting easy seedling. Dwarf trees facilate pruning, spraying and harvesting
easy and more number of plants can be accommodated in a unit area.
6. To replant an undesirable existing tree either with reference to its quality or susceptibility to pests
and diseases. The defect can be overcome easily by vegetative propagation through grafting or budding
of desirable scion to the existence tree by top working technique.
7. Many plants are propagated by vegetative means because of the speedy easy of multiplication.
8. Novelty can be developed by grafting or budding on single plant many varieties. E.g. Roses.
9. To convert inferior varieties in superior, side grafting in mango.
Disadvantages:
1. Plant is not vigorous and long lived.
2. No new varieties are evolved or developed.
3. These methods are expensive and labourious and time consuming.

6. 1. Soil (मा ो):
Light and sandy soils are well suited as rooting or germinating media while loamy silty or clayey
soils are unsuitable on account of poor aeration and stickiness. These soils in combination with
sand, some organic matter, moss, shredded bark and peat are useful as media.
2. Sand(िालुिा):
Sand consists of small rock grains of 0.05 to 2.0 mm in diameter. Quart sand is most useful as it is
suitable for sterilization of fumigation. It has no mineral nutrients.
3. Sphagam Moss (मोस):
Commercial sphagnum moss is the dehydrated remains of acid bag plants which is acidic, sterile,
light in weight and has high water holding capacity being able to absorb water upto 10 - 20 times of
its weight. It contains small amount of minerals. It has ability to inhibit damping of seedlings.
4. Vermiculite (भमीकु लाई :
This is a micaceous mineral which expends markedly when treated chemically. It is a hydrated
magnesium diauminium iron silicate. It is light in weight (25 - 45 kg/cu ft.) with good mineral
supply and able to absorb fuanity of water i.e. 13.5 to 18 liters / cu ft. Generally particles of 2 - 3
mm are move useful.
Media used for Propagation:

7. 5. Leaf Mould:
Leaf mould compost is prepared by putting alternate layers of dried leaves with soil and small quantity
of sulphate of ammonia is added to accelerate decomposition rate and to increase mineral content.
These layers are watered to maintain decomposition action. For decomposition a period of 12 - 18
months are required.
6. Saw dust / Shredded bark / Wood Sharings:
These materials are the by - products of saw mills. For proper utilization as growing media and
decomposition, nitrogen is added in sufficient quantity.
7. Pumice:
This is derived from grey or white volcanic rock consisting of spongy like gaps.
8. Perlite:
This is grey white material is of volcanic origin, mined from lava flows.
9. Pent:
Peat consists of remains of aquatic, marsh, bag or swamp vegetation. Generally preserved under
water in a partially decomposed state. Peat moss is broken into pie

8. Cuttings (कट िंि)
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

9. Cuttings (कट िंि)
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal
सस. न. कट िंिको प्रकार बिधि कटिले िररने बिरुिा
1. Stem Cutting
1.1. Hard Wood Cutting (matured) * At least 2-3 nodes left, basal cut(slant) = just
below node, top cut= 1.3-2.5 cm above node,
length= 8-10 cm and diameter=0.6-2.5 cm of
central and basal part of >2years of aged plant
*dormant
stage
Grape, Pear, Pomegranate,
कागजी फु ल
1.2. Semi-Hard Wood Cutting (semi
matured)
* 7.5-15 cm long with leaves retained at upper
end, basal cut just below node (slant),
*just after
summer
flushes
Rhododendron, Citrus, Olive
1.3. Soft Wood Cutting (soft wood,
succulent wood)
*7.5-12.5 cm long with 2-3 nodes
* Lower leaves removed retaining upper
leaves
*dormant
stage
Apple, Pear, Cherry, Plum,
1.4. Herbaceous Cutting (succulent
non woody)
*8-13 cm long with leaves retained at upper
end or with out leaves (apical or basal part)
*active
growth stage
Chrysanthemum, Dahlia,
Carnation
2. Root Cutting *carbohydrate=high at root *winter or
early spring
Raspberry, Black Berry, Rose
3. Leaf Cutting *leaf blade, petiole African violet (limited number)

10. Grafting (ग्राफ् िंि)
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

11. S.N. Type of
Grafting
Procedure Plants propagated
1. Splice • Equal size of slanting cut (3-5cm) is given in both rootstock and scion
• Two cut surfaces are joined together tightly and wrapped by grafting tape
• Apple, Pear, Cherries at
dormant stage (poush-
magh)
2. Whip or
Tongue
• Equal size of slanting cut is given in both rootstock and scion
• A tongue is made in both scion and root stock by giving parallel cut (to
interlock cambium layers)
• Apple and pear
3. Cleft • Used for top working of trees
• Root Stock=Top is cut back at right angle very smoothly and a vertical slit is
made on the center of the stem deep enough to hold the scion
• Scion= cutting basal into a long tapering wedge and inserted into the slit
made on the smooth cut surface (two scion in large trees )
4. Saddle • A saddle or Inverted V cut is made on the basal end of scion and a tapering
wedge cut is given on the top of root stock (if reversed= wedge grafting)
5. Side • Scion is attached at the side of the rootstock
• A long sloping cut moving downward is made in rootstock (if V cut= Veneer
grafting)
• Mango
6 Inarchin
g
• Root stock plant is grown in movable container and attached with mother
plant by giving a similar cut in both stock and scion branch
• Both root stock and mother plants are grown together
• After successful union, upper portion of rootstock is cutoff and cut is given
below the union is attached mother branch (new plant)
• Mango (especially)
• Amala
(Rootstock+scion = 60
days)

13. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

14. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

15. Layering (लेयररिंि)
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

16. S.N. Type of Layering Plants propagated
1. Simple Lime, Guava, Pomegranate
2. Compound Grape, Sugarcane
3. Trench Pear, Cherry
4. Air Layering Citrus ( Lime, lemon, mandarian, junar,
guava, litchi, pear)
5. Tip Layering Raspberry
6 Mound Layering Apple, Plum
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

17. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

18. Compound layering
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

19. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

20. Tip layering

21. Mound or Stool layering
स्याउ, अिंिुर र आरु िख ामा िररन्छ
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

22. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

23. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal

24. Budding (िड िंि)
Preparedby Krishna Lamsal
• T-Budding
• Chip Budding
• Patch Budding

25. Preparedby Krishna Lamsal
Tissue Culture