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1. Kazandra Aligato, 9 – St. Anne

2. OBJECTIVE’S
01 Differentiate signs and
symptoms of an injury
03
Value the significance in
assessing emergency
situations and doing the
primary and secondary
survey of the victims
02 Tell own experiences in
helping other people in
an emergency
situations.
SIGNS AND
SYMTOMS SIGNIFICANCE
EXPERIENCES

3. SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS
01

4. WHAT IS SIGNS?
Signs are details discovered by
applying your senses - sight,
touch, hearing and smell during
the course of the examination.
 Bleeding
 Swelling
 Deformities

5. WHAT IS SYMTOMS?
Symptoms are sensations that
the victim feels or experiences
and may be able to describe.
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Heat
 Impaired sensations

7. Used when the victim is
unconscious and find out
and immediately treat life-
threatening conditions.
Perform a more detailed
& thorough examination
to identify illnesses and
injuries.

9. A. CHECK FOR
CONSCIOUSNESS
Ask the victim: "Hey, hey, are you
okay? while carefully shaking the
victim's shoulder. When there is
no response, the victim is
therefore is unconscious and in
need of immediate medical help .

10. The victim's unconsciousness
may be due to an obstruction in
his/her airway. It may also be
caused by a narrowed airway
making breathing impossible.
Find out if there is loss of
muscular control in the throat
area which allows the tongue
to slip back and block the
throat.
Lift the chin and tilt the head of
the victim (if the victim is an
adult). This way you will be able
to lift the tongue from the back
of the throat, leaving the airway
clear.
B. OPEN THE AIRWAY

11. C. CHECK FOR BREATHING
Put your face near the victim's mouth and look, listen, and
feel for breathing. You should observe for chest movement,
sound of breathing, or feel of breath on your cheek.

12. D. CHECK FOR CIRCULATION
• Locate pulse using your
middle and index finger.
Pulse indicates blood
circulation, which is
essential for the heart
and brain to function.
• Poor blood circulation
may be reflected on the
pale color of the skin.
• To revive circulation,
perform CPR
immediately.

14. STEP 1
Is the scene safe? If yes,
proceed to the next steps.
If no, do not attempt to go
to the accident. Call
Emergency Medical
Services instead.

15. STEP 2
Make sure the victim
is lying on his back, If
not, roll the victim.

16. STEP 3
Check for responsiveness
by gently tapping the
shoulder of the victim
saying "Hey, hey, hey are
you okay?

17. STEP 4
If there is no
response, call for
help immediately.

18. STEP 5
Do the primary survey of the victim.
• Airway- check if there is blockage in
the airway (if yes, take it out using your
pinky finger in a scooping motion.
• Breathing- use the maximum head tilt-
chin-lift method and look-listen feel (if
negative, perform rescue breathing)
• Circulation- use carotid pulse (if
negative, go to Step 6)

19. While applying maximum
head-tilt-chin-lift
method, pinch the nose
and give 2 initial full
breaths to the victims.
STEP 6

20. Take off the clothes of
the victim that can
block the compression
area.
STEP 7

21. STEP 8
Perform CPR of
the victim. Do 5
cycles of 30
compressions
and 2 breaths.

22. STEP 9
If the victim is revived, do
the secondary survey of the
victim. If not, continue
performing CPR while
waiting for the rescue team.

23. S - Symptoms
A - Allergy
M - Medication
P - Past medical
history
L - Last oral intake
E - Events prior to
the accident
A. Do the secondary
survey. Record all the
data and surrender to
the rescue team.

24. Deformity, Contusions,
Abrasions, Punctures,
Burns, Tenderness,
Lacerations, Swelling.
B. Head-to-Toe
Examination

25. EYES: dilated - shock, constricted
- stroke or drug abuse, pupils are
unequal - stroke or head injuries.
NOSE: watery - fracture or
skulls injury
Blush skin color: lacking
oxygen (cyanosis)
Blood pressure
Body temperature
C. Vital Signs

26. Unknown
“You are born with the
ability to change someone’s
life. Don’t ever waste it.”

27. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
Don't hesitate to ask any questions!