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INCREASE IN ERYTHROCYTE
COUNT- POLYCYTHEMIA
Presented by : Harshal Roy
Roll no : 6
Submitted to : Dr. Romy Dept of
pathology and Microbiology
Date: 22/07/2017
INTRODUCTION
• Non nucleated formed elements in blood.
• Known as erythrocytes (Erythros-Red).
• Red colour is due to pigment called haemoglobin.
• Plays a vital role in transport of respiratory gases.
• Erythrocyte count ranges 5.5 million/cu mm of blood.
In males = 5 million / cu mm of blood.
In females = 4.5 million / cu mm of blood.
ORIGIN OF ERYTHROCYTES
• Heamopoetic stem cells are the primitive stem
cells in bone marrow which give rise to blood
cells.
• Heamopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow
are called Uncommitted pluripotent
hemopoetic stem cells (PHSC )
• PHSC is defined as a cell which gives rise to all
types of blood cells.
Polycythemia - increase in RBC count
VARIATIONS IN NUMBER OF ERYTHROCYTES
•01. PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION
• [A] Increase in Erythrocyte count :
Increase in Erythrocyte count is polycythemia.
Occurs both in physiological and pathological
conditions.
Physiological polycythemia is marginal and
temporary.
AGE
•At birth the erythrocyte count is 8 to 10
million / cu mm of blood.
•The count decreases with in 10 days after
the birth due to the destruction of
erythrocyte causing physiological jaundice
in new born babies.
•Infants and growing children, cell count is
more than that of adults
SEX
•Before puberty and after menopause in
females erythrocyte count is similar to that
of males.
•During reproductive period the count is less
than that of males.
IN HIGH ALTITUDE
•Inhibitants of mountain have increased
Erythrocyte count of more than 7 million
/ cu mm of blood.
•It is due to hypoxia ( decreased oxygen
supply to tissues ) in high altitudes.
•Hypoxia stimulates kidney to secrete a
hormone called erythropoietin.
•Erythropoetin inturn stimulates the bone
marrow produces more erythrocytes.
Polycythemia - increase in RBC count
HIGH ALTITUDE
HYPOXIA
STIMULATION OF KIDNEY AND
ADRENAL GLAND
PRODUCTION OF
ERYTHROPOETIN
STIMULATION OF BONE
MARROW
ERYTHROCYTE
PRODUCTION
MUSCULAR EXERCISE
• Temporary increase in erythrocyte count.
• Because of mild hypoxia and and contraction
of spleen.
• Hypoxia increases sympathetic activity results
in secretion of adrenaline from adrenal gland.
• Adrenaline contracts spleen and erythrocytes
released into blood.
EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS
•Increases during anxiety.
•During muscular exercise
,sympathetic activity will increase, so
erythrocyte count will increases.
EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS AND
MUSCULAR EXERCISES
INCREASES SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY
INCREASED SECRETION OF
ADRENALINE
CONTACTION OF SPLEEN
RELEASE OF RBC
INCREASED ENVIORNMENTAL TEMPERATURE
• Increase in atmospheric temperature
Erytrhrocyte count will increase.
AFTER MEALS
Slight increases, need for more oxygen for
activities.
02. PATHLOGICAL VARIATION
•[A] Pathological polycythemia
In this case abnormal increase in
Erythrocyte count , increases about 7 million
cu mm of blood.
PRIMARY POLYCYTHEMIA
•Also known as Polycythemia Vera.
•Characterised by persistant
increase of Erythrocyte about 14
million /cu mm of blood.
•Leucocyte count also increased by
24000/ cu mm of blood.
•Occurs in myeloproliferative
disorders like malignancy of bone
marrow.
SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA
• Related to pathological conditions.
01. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS LIKE EMPHYSEMA & CO
POISONING
•CONGENITAL HAEART DISEASES AND AYERZAPS
DISEASE
CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPER
TROPHY OF RIGHT VENTRICLE AND
OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD FLOW TO LUNGS
•REPEATED MILD HEMARRHAGES
•POISIONING BY ARSENIC AND PHOSPHURS
• ALL THESE CONDITIONS LEADS TO…
THANK YOU

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Polycythemia - increase in RBC count

  • 1. INCREASE IN ERYTHROCYTE COUNT- POLYCYTHEMIA Presented by : Harshal Roy Roll no : 6 Submitted to : Dr. Romy Dept of pathology and Microbiology Date: 22/07/2017
  • 2. INTRODUCTION • Non nucleated formed elements in blood. • Known as erythrocytes (Erythros-Red). • Red colour is due to pigment called haemoglobin. • Plays a vital role in transport of respiratory gases. • Erythrocyte count ranges 5.5 million/cu mm of blood. In males = 5 million / cu mm of blood. In females = 4.5 million / cu mm of blood.
  • 3. ORIGIN OF ERYTHROCYTES • Heamopoetic stem cells are the primitive stem cells in bone marrow which give rise to blood cells. • Heamopoetic stem cells in the bone marrow are called Uncommitted pluripotent hemopoetic stem cells (PHSC ) • PHSC is defined as a cell which gives rise to all types of blood cells.
  • 5. VARIATIONS IN NUMBER OF ERYTHROCYTES •01. PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIATION • [A] Increase in Erythrocyte count : Increase in Erythrocyte count is polycythemia. Occurs both in physiological and pathological conditions. Physiological polycythemia is marginal and temporary.
  • 6. AGE •At birth the erythrocyte count is 8 to 10 million / cu mm of blood. •The count decreases with in 10 days after the birth due to the destruction of erythrocyte causing physiological jaundice in new born babies. •Infants and growing children, cell count is more than that of adults
  • 7. SEX •Before puberty and after menopause in females erythrocyte count is similar to that of males. •During reproductive period the count is less than that of males.
  • 8. IN HIGH ALTITUDE •Inhibitants of mountain have increased Erythrocyte count of more than 7 million / cu mm of blood. •It is due to hypoxia ( decreased oxygen supply to tissues ) in high altitudes. •Hypoxia stimulates kidney to secrete a hormone called erythropoietin. •Erythropoetin inturn stimulates the bone marrow produces more erythrocytes.
  • 10. HIGH ALTITUDE HYPOXIA STIMULATION OF KIDNEY AND ADRENAL GLAND PRODUCTION OF ERYTHROPOETIN STIMULATION OF BONE MARROW ERYTHROCYTE PRODUCTION
  • 11. MUSCULAR EXERCISE • Temporary increase in erythrocyte count. • Because of mild hypoxia and and contraction of spleen. • Hypoxia increases sympathetic activity results in secretion of adrenaline from adrenal gland. • Adrenaline contracts spleen and erythrocytes released into blood.
  • 12. EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS •Increases during anxiety. •During muscular exercise ,sympathetic activity will increase, so erythrocyte count will increases.
  • 13. EMOTIONAL CONDITIONS AND MUSCULAR EXERCISES INCREASES SYMPATHETIC ACTIVITY INCREASED SECRETION OF ADRENALINE CONTACTION OF SPLEEN RELEASE OF RBC
  • 14. INCREASED ENVIORNMENTAL TEMPERATURE • Increase in atmospheric temperature Erytrhrocyte count will increase. AFTER MEALS Slight increases, need for more oxygen for activities.
  • 15. 02. PATHLOGICAL VARIATION •[A] Pathological polycythemia In this case abnormal increase in Erythrocyte count , increases about 7 million cu mm of blood.
  • 16. PRIMARY POLYCYTHEMIA •Also known as Polycythemia Vera. •Characterised by persistant increase of Erythrocyte about 14 million /cu mm of blood. •Leucocyte count also increased by 24000/ cu mm of blood. •Occurs in myeloproliferative disorders like malignancy of bone marrow.
  • 17. SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA • Related to pathological conditions. 01. RESPIRATORY DISORDERS LIKE EMPHYSEMA & CO POISONING
  • 18. •CONGENITAL HAEART DISEASES AND AYERZAPS DISEASE CONDITION ASSOCIATED WITH HYPER TROPHY OF RIGHT VENTRICLE AND OBSTRUCTION OF BLOOD FLOW TO LUNGS
  • 19. •REPEATED MILD HEMARRHAGES •POISIONING BY ARSENIC AND PHOSPHURS
  • 20. • ALL THESE CONDITIONS LEADS TO…