global diversitynof fishes

1. Presented by
Abhishek, Gaurav

2.  The rich diversity of fish (33,000 species) is due to the
diversity of aquatic habitats and the range of water quality in
which they can live. It also results from immense isolation in
time and space (fish evolved over millions of years in oceans
worldwide). Fish diversity is greater in streams than in lak
 Freshwater habitats are incredibly diverse, with more than 400
large-scale ecoregions and thousands of rivers, lakes, and
wetlands.

Freshwaters are also hotspots for biodiversity. They are home
to at least 140,000 specialist freshwater species!

3.  Fresh waters are especially susceptible to changes arising from
‘the tragedy of the commons’.
 Scant consideration is given to the need to conserve aquatic
biodiversity or preserve ecosystems when conflicting human
interests are at stake.
 In most cases, only the fresh water that remains after human
needs have been satisfied is available to sustain ecosystems.

4.  Nature often receives an inadequate
share, such that flows of some major
rivers (the Colorado, Indus, Ganges
and Yellow Rivers) cease before
reaching the coast.

5.  Although freshwater ecosystems such as rivers, lakes and
wetlands occupy less than 2% of the earth’s total land surface,
they provide a wide range of habitats for a significant
proportion of the world’s plant and animal species.
 Many are yet to be discovered, but the number of freshwater
species worldwide is estimated at between 9,000 and 25,000
(Cosgrove and Rijsberman, 2000).

6.  Indian fisheries have a long history, starting with Kautilya’s
Arthasastra describing
 Fish as a source for consumption and provide evidence that
fishery was a well-established industry in India and fish was
relished as an article of diet as early as 300 B.C,
 The ancient Hindus possessed a considerable knowledge of the
habit of fishes and
 The epic on the second pillar of Emperor Ashoka describing
the prohibition of consumption of fish during a certain lunar
period which can be interpreted as a conservation point of
view.
 Modern scientific studies on Indian fishes could be traced to
the initial works done by Linnaeus, Bloch and Schneider,
Lacepède, Russell and Hamilton.

7.  The long coastline of 8129 km2 with an EE2 of 2.02 million
sq. km including
 the continental shelf of 0.5 million sq. km harbors extensively
rich multitude of species.
 Vast regions of mangroves are found along the coast of West
Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra,
Gujarat and Andaman Islands which extends up to about
6,82,000 ha area.
 Coral reefs are found in the Gulf of Kutch, along the
Maharashtra coast, Kerala coast, in the Gulf of Mannar, Palk
Bay and the Wadge Bank along the Tamilnadu coast and
around Andaman and Lakshadweep Islands.

8. Fin fishes-
 33,059 total fish species of the world, India contributes of
about 2,492 marine fishes owing to 7.4%
 the total fish diversity known from India, the marine fishes
constitute 75.6 percent,.
 comprising of 2,492 species belonging to 941 genera, under
240 families of 40 orders.
 Among the fish diversity-rich areas in the marine waters of
India.
 the Andaman and Nicobar Archipelago, shows the highest
number of species, 1,431, followed by the east coast of India
with 1,121 species and the west coast with 1071.

9.  Detailed taxonomy of 18 families of fishes occurring in
Indian EEZ was done as shown in the Table 1.
 As many as 91 species of endemic marine fishes are known
to occur in the coastal waters of India.
 As of today, about 50 marine fishes known from India fall
into the Threatened category as per the IUCN Red List, and
about 45 species are Near-Threatened and already on the
path to vulnerability

10. No Name of Fish family/
group
Authors
1 Flatfishes Norman,1934,Memon,1977
2 scombridae Jones and silas, 1962
3 Mugilidae Sarojini, 1962
4 clupeidae Whitehead, 1985
5 Trichiuridae James,1967
6 Leiognathidae James, 1975
7 Churiocentridae Luther, 1968

11. Introduction-
With population growth, rapid socio-economic development,
and unreasonable development and utilization of biological
resources, natural aquatic ecosystems, such as rivers and lakes,
have experienced challenges, including declining biodiversity
and degradation of ecological service functions

12. 1.Water quantity and quality in a drainage basin are also
affected by certain construction activities, such as
dredging and channel migration,
2. Fish communities are important indicators of the health of
river ecosystems
3. Understanding the diversity of fish species and the drivers
of diversity change can help scientifically manage and
protect river ecosystems
4. Elucidation of spatial composition, distribution, and
diversity patterns of species along elevational gradients at
different spatial scales is essential in biogeography and
ecology

13.  Biological diversity” means the
variability among living
organisms from all sources
including, inter alia, terrestrial,
marine and other aquatic
ecosystems and the ecological
complexes of which they are
part.

14.  Fish biodiversity contributes to various ecosystem services,
including
 water filtration,
 erosion control,
 carbon sequestration.
 Protecting fish populations and their habitats
 helps maintain these services,
 benefiting both humans and the environment