“INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQH” Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adultsconducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (Singapore)

1. “ INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FIQH ” Intermediate Level Islamic course in English for Adults conducted by Ustaz Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, MOST COMPASSIONATE, MOST MERCIFUL. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) LESSON # 4 – BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ‘ ULAMA MADZAAHIB (ISLAMIC SCHOLARS OF JURISPRUDENCE) And say: O Lord! Increase for me my knowledge Using text & curriculum he has developed especially for Muslim converts and young Adult English-speaking Muslims. “ To seek knowledge is obligatory upon every Muslim (male & female)”

3. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) AL-QUR’AN , THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND THOSE APPOINTED AS THE SOURCE FOR GUIDANCE

4. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) “ O You who believe ! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority from among you. If you differ in anything among yourselves, refer it back to Allah and to His Messenger, if you do believe in Allah and the Last day : That is best and most suitable for final determination.” ( Qur’an : An-Nisa’ : 4 :59 ) AL-QUR’AN , THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND THOSE APPOINTED AS THE SOURCE FOR GUIDANCE

5. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W .

6. “ (‘Ali ibn Abi Talib r.a. said) “I asked: ‘O Messenger of Allah! (What are we to do when) matters come before us wherewith there is no (explicit) indication regarding them in the Qur’an nor in the Sunnah from you regarding them (regarding its ruling)?’ (The Prophet s.a.w.) he said: “You are to gather together the learned ( ‘ulama ) amongst them” – or he may have said “The worshippers ( ‘abideen ) from amongst the Believers” – “Convene with them shura (mutual consultations to derive a collective decision) in regard to religious rulings. Do not decide based upon (idea or knowledge of) only one (singular) person’s thought.” ( Hadith reported by Ibnu Abdil Barr ) All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W .

7. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W .

8. (When the Prophet s.a.w. was about to send Muadz ibn Jabal r.a. to Yemen) he said (to Muadz): “How would you judge (give religious decision for people)? “ He (Muadz) replied: “(I will judge) With what is in the Book of Allah”. Rasulullah then said: “What if you cannot find (any) in it?” Muadz replied: “(Then, I will judge) with the Sunnah of Rasulullah s.a.w.”. Rasulullah then said: “What if you cannot find in the Sunnah?” He replied :”( Then) I will make ‘ijtihad (exertion) with my reasoning.” (Then the Rasulullah s.a.w.) he said: “All praise be to Allah Who granted taufiq (success in this test) for the messenger of Allah’s messenger!”. ( Hadith reported by Tirmidzi ) All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W .

9. “ (Honour) My successors, may Allah s.w.t. be Merciful towards them!.” He was asked: “Who are your successors O Messenger of Allah?” And he said: “They are those who revive my Sunnah and teaches them to the servants of Allah.” ( Hadith of the Prophet s.a.w .) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W . All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

10. “ And whoever amongst you lives after me will see many conflicts (disagreements), let him then adhere to whatever they know o f my Sunnah and the Sunnah of my Rightly guided Khalifah.” ( Hadith reported by Ahmad ) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W . All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

11. “ The best of mankind – (believers) – are in my generation, then (a generation) after it, and then (another generation) after that.” ( Hadith reported by Bukhary and Muslim ) GUIDELINE FROM THE PROPHET S.A.A.W . All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

12. ‘ UMAR IBN AL-KHATTAB R.A. ‘ ALI IBN ABI TALIB R.A. IBN MAS-UD R.A. IBN ‘UMAR R.A. IBN ABBAS IBN ABDUL MUTALIB R.A. ZAYD IBN TSAABIT R.A. COMPANIONS WHO GAVE MANY FATWAS All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

13. ‘ ABDULLAH IBN UMAR R.A. A’ISHAH BNTE ABU BAKR R.A. ABU HURAYRAH R.A. SA-’ID AL-MUSAYYAB AL-MAKHZUMI R.A. URWAH BIN ZUBAYR BIM AWWAM R.A. ‘ ALI BIN HUSSAYN ZEIN AL-’AABIDEEN R.A. MUHAMMAD BIN ‘ALI BIN HUSSAYN AL-BAQIR R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN MADINA AL-MUNAWWARAH All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

14. ‘ ABDULLAH IBN ABBAS IBN ABDUL MUTTALIB R.A. MUJAHID IBN JABR (MAULA OF BANI MAKHZUM) R.A. IKRIMAH (MAULA OF IBNU ABBAS) R.A. ATHA’ IBN ABI RABAH (MAULA OF QURAYSH) R.A. ABU ZUBAYR MUHAMMAD IBN MUSLIM R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN MAKKAH AL-MUKARRAMAH All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

15. ALQAMAH IBN QAIS AN-NAKHA-’IE R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN KUFA (SECOND CAPITAL) MASRUQ IBN AJDA’ AL-HAMDANI R.A. UBAYDAH IBN ‘AMIR AS-SILMANI AL-MURADI R.A. AL-ASWAD IBN YAZID AN-NAKHA-’IE R.A. IBRAHIM IBN YAZID AN-NAKHA-’IE R.A. SHURAIH IBN HARITH AL-KINDI R.A. SA-’EED IBN JUBAYR (MAULA WALIBAH) R.A. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

16. ANAS IBN MALIK AL-ANSARIY R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN BASRA (IRAQ) ABU ‘ALIYA RAFI’ IBN MAHRAN AR-RAYANI R.A. HASSAN IBN HASSAN YASSAR (MAULA ZAID IBN TSABIT) R.A. ABU SHA’-TSA JABIR IBN ZAID (IBN ABBAS COMPANION) R.A. MUHAMMAD IBNU SIRRIN (MAULA OF ANAS IBN MALIK) R.A. QATADAH IBN DI-’AMAH AD-DAUSI R.A. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

17. ‘ ABDUR RRAHMAN IBN GHUNMIN AL-ANSARIY R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN SHAM (SYRIA) ‘ AIDZULLAH IBN ‘ABDULLAH AL-KHULANI R.A. QABISHAH IBN DZUAIB R.A. QABISHAH IBN DZUAIB R.A. ‘ UMAR IBN ‘ABDUL AZIZ IBN MARWAN R.A. RAJA’ AL-HAYAH AL-KINDI R.A. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

18. ‘ ABDULLAH IBN ‘AMR AL-’ASH R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN MISR’ (EGYPT) ABUL KHAYR MARTSAD IBN ‘ABDULLAH AL-YAZINI R.A. YAZIB IBN ABUL HABIB (MAULA AL-AZDI) R.A. YAHYA IBN ABU KATSIR R.A. THAWUS IBN KAISAN AL-JUNDI R.A. WAHAB IBN MUNABBIH AS-SAN’AANI R.A. THOSE WHO GAVE FATWA IN YEMEN All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

19. PERIOD OF CONSOLIDATION AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF THE VARIOUS SCIENCES ‘ ILM AL-QIRA’AT WA AL-TAFSIR ‘ ILM AL-HADITH - SEERAH ‘ ILM AL-FIQH WAL USUL-AL-FIQH ‘ ILM AL-KALAM ‘ ILM JARH WA TA’DIL – ‘ILM MUSTALAH AL-HADITH ‘ ILM TASAWWUF –TAZKIYAH AN-NUFUS All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) ETC..

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21. “ Those who listen to the Word, and follow the best (meaning) in it: those are the ones whom Allah has guided, and those are the ones endued with understanding.” ( Qur’an: Az-Zumar:39:18 )

43. OTHER LESS KNOWN OR EXTINCT MADZAAHIB All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) IMAM ZAYD IBN ‘ALI IBN HUSSAYN (80 AH – 122 AH) IMAM LAYTH IBN SA’AD (97 AH – 174 AH) IMAM SUFYAN AL-TSAURIY (100 AH – 160 AH) IMAM DAWUD IBN ‘ALI AD-DHAZHIRI (199 AH – 269 AH)

44. Who is better in speech than one who calls (men) to Allah, works righteousness, and says "I am of those who bow in Islam"? ( Qur’an: Fussilat: 41: 33 ) All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

45. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

46. " Verily Allah does not remove knowledge from the (hearts of the) people, rather he takes away knowledge by taking away its people (the true scholars – ‘ULAMA ), until there are no more scholars, the people then take leaders that are ignorant, and when they are asked, and give fatwas – religious rulings, (they give) without knowledge, so they misguide and are misguided.“ ( Hadith reported by Ashaab as-Sunnan from Ibnu ‘Umar r.a .) All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

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48. “ When a trust ( AMANAH )is neglected, then wait for the time (of its destruction).” Somebody ask: ‘ How shall this be neglected O Messenger of Allah?’ He the replied: “When a matter (affair) is given over, not to its rightful (legitimate) person ( AHLIHA ), then wait for its time (of destruction).” ( Hadith reported by Bukhary ) All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )

49. All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 ) “ WAFAYAT-AL A’YAN AN-BA ABNAZ-ZAMAN ” – Ibn Khallikan “ TABAQAT AL-SAFI’IYYAH AL-KUBRA ” – As-Subki “ TARIKH BAGHDAD ” – Khatib Al-Baghdadi “ TABAQAT ” – Ibn Abi Ya’la “ TADZKIRAH AL-HUFFAZ ” – Adz-Dzahabiy WaAllaahu a’lam

50. http://an-naseehah.blogspot.com/ http://introductiontotauhid.blogspot.com/ http://oyoubelievers.blogspot.com/ http://al-amthaal.blogspot.com/ http://zhulkeflee-archive.blogspot.com/ http://criteriaforaholybook-quran.blogspot.com/ http://with-the-truthful.blogspot.com/ http ://muqaddam-nurul.blogspot.com/ All welcome to visit my web-blog: All Rights Reserved © Zhulkeflee Hj Ismail (2011 )