Gestalt Therapy Papers

Gestalt Therapy Papers
The next theory, person–centered, relies heavily on the fact that we have the ability to understand
our problems and have the resources to fix them. Person–centered, like psychodynamic, is not very
effective in a group. When we were lead with person–centered often there was an interaction
between Nick (who was leading) and whomever he was talking too. The group aspect was lost
because person–centered therapy is exactly how it sounds, person–centered. It is centered on the
person that the leader is currently interacting with. It was useful for me however, because I was able
to open up about my current relationship struggles and all the issues of long–distance dating. It was
very effective to allow me to just talk my issues out–loud and to understand the positive aspects.
Overall, just like psychodynamic, I would avoid person–centered because I feel that you lose part of
the group cohesion because of the one on one nature of person–centered therapy. Gestalt therapy
was very useful for group. Gestalt therapy is very engaging and deals with the overall environment
and how it affects each person. Gestalt therapy uses a wide range of techniques in which all ... Show
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It focuses on solutions that people have and steps to get to those goals. Solution allows people to
take the steps that they need to change and clearly lay out goals to get there. Solution focused deals
heavily with the fact that people know what they want to change. Solution focused therapy also
heavily relies on feedback from the group. In our group, Sarah shared some of her fears of moving
to a new city and the group was able to share their own feedback and provide her some extremely
valuable solutions to open up to people to make the moving transition less lonely and therefore easy.
Solution–focused brief therapy is one of the most used group techniques and it is also my most
preferred technique to use in a
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Four Characteristics Of Pychodynamic Therapy
Psychodynamic or psychoanalysis is a theory that is based on the personality. Psychodynamic
therapy is the focus of unconscious processes as they are manifested in the clients' present
behaviour. Self awareness and understanding of the influence of the past on ones present behaviour
is the goal of psychodynamic therapy. Psychodynamic therapy operates with the tool of dialogue in
order to expose and explore unconscious conflicts for the purpose of allowing their processing and
integration. The fundamental rules for intervention in psychodynamic hypnotherapy are the same in
other psychodynamic therapy (Wormnes, et al., 2000).
There are four psychodynamic techniques used in psychodynamic hypnotherapy, these being, free
associations, dream interpretation and interpretation of transference and defences. During hypnosis,
free associations will often present themselves in the form of images that are closer to primary
process thinking as well as the unconscious, and hence defences and ... Show more content on
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There does however tend to be a certain type of individual who responds particularly well to the
psychodynamic therapy approach.
These tend to be individuals that are genuinely interested in the exploration of themselves, and the
seeking of self–knowledge in addition to symptom relief. They will have the capacity to self–reflect
as well as a natural curiosity for their internal life and why they behave the way they do in certain
situations. An example of this may be someone who keeps choosing abusive partners may have the
desire to learn how to break that pattern by exploring their unconscious conflicts. Should a client be
willing to commit themselves wholly to psychodynamic therapy, they should see the benefits within
the first few months of

Janet Cooke Case Study
On January 3, 1980, Janet Cooke debuted her journalistic career at The Washington Post, during a
time when the industry was sexualized, segregated and most of all, competitive. The 25–year–old
journalist gained peaking attention after her submission of the infamous "Jimmy's World," a front–
page, nationwide headliner about a supposed, 8–year old African American boy who suffered from
an unfortunate heroin addiction. Following this publication and its subsequent upheaving attention,
Cooke was awarded a Pulitzer Prize on April 13, 1981. However, Cooke soon after returned the
award after admitting to fabricating her submission. Mike Sager, a Columbia Journalism Review
editor, as well as the ex–boyfriend and coworker of Cooke, published the article ... Show more
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The structure that of which the rhetor incorporates reveals his personal situation and connection to
the "Jimmy's World" scandal. Following the discovery of Janet Cooke's fabricated story that lead to
her mortifying defamation, she avoided public interviews and evaded the United States, settling in
Europe for several years. Sager structures his text to include and emphasize that following her return
from Europe, "She spoke to [him] at length for a piece [he] published in GQ...the only substantial
interview Cooke ever gave" (Sager). Sager structured his text to emphasize that upon her return to
the United States, Cooke chose to provide him, specifically, with an enriched depiction of her
experiences that essentially motivated her fabrication. Through this structured inclusion, Sager
portrays exclusivity on the interview which validates his reasoning for exploiting his two narratives.
The underlying motive for publishing "The Fabulist Who Changed Journalism" is due to his select
authority as the sole account of her story, for she has only confided in Sager. He structurally
includes that he wrote "Janet's World," which he further explains is another story covering the
scandal, due to his privileged knowledge about the scandal from the perpetrator

Essay about Group Therapy Theory Comparison
Looking for new and more effective ways to treat the issues of their clients, counselors and
therapists may often begin to consider leading a group therapy session. Group therapy is a form of
therapy in which a therapist either treats or provides psychoeducational skills to a small, carefully
planned target group of individuals in an effort to ameliorate the issues and dysfunctions of each
individual in that particular group of patients together (Scheidlinger, 2004). In this group, therapists
often utilize some of the psychotherapy theories such as Gestalt, transactional analysis,
psychotherapy or psychodrama which they often use to treat clients individually.
Counselors regularly decide which school of thought they will mainly utilize ... Show more content
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It will also introduce and discuss an emerging form of therapy called interactive group therapy.
Group Therapy and Adolescents When working with different age groups the therapist must regard
developmental stages of not just the group as a whole but must also take into consideration the
developmental and cognitive abilities of each individual in their small group. There are some forms
of therapy which may either be more appropriate to use with younger students, or can be modified
to suit the needs of younger students or students who have a reduced level of cognition. In
adolescent psychotherapy, the therapist needs to be aware of the relationship adolescents have with
each other and with their parents and caretakers. At this point in their lives, these relationships are
often quite tumultuous (Holmes, Heckel, & Gordon, 1991). In addition to their social networks, the
therapist also needs to be attentive to the manner in which the adolescent's early experiences form
their sense of self and respect the adolescent's desire to be independent and be active in deciding the
paths of their lives. With this in mind, the therapist will allow adolescent group members to have a
more active role in participating and at times even taking a leadership role within the group sessions

Psychodrama Exercise: Small Group Analysis
The small group I had an opportunity to facilitate was an interesting experience in that we fell easily
into disclosure on the first day of class and were already forming strong bonds and trust. The
openness of the group made working as a facilitator on the second day an effortless experience. This
is not to say I was not challenged by the activity however the previously established group
cohesiveness was an advantage to the group experience. They were willing to be present and
available for any task that was presented. The Exercise The group participated in a psychodrama
exercise. I presented a picture exercise to the group asking each to recall a time in their recent
experience and share it with the group as a picture. Christina began recalling her picture and instead
of explaining the picture she started explaining the situation. I had an idea in my head and what was
happening did not match. I wanted each member to share their picture and ... Show more content on
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I asked Lisa and Nick to think about whether they could relate anything from their pictures to what
Christina was discussing. It was in this time that the group began to take on the more natural organic
form it had been taking in the two leaderless groups. Each member recognized they were both
concerned over loss in their own situation. Nick was feeling concern because he felt his
grandmother was aging and may not be around forever. Lisa sent a letter to someone with an
ultimatum about their interaction and she was concerned about how the letter being received would
impact the relationship. When the exercise concluded I asked the group if they had notes for me.
The main note was it felt as though I had a preconceived notion of what I expected to happen and I
tried to keep steering things back to where I thought it should be. I felt that during the exercise and
agreed quickly with their

Drama Therapy Research Paper
I was having a Les Misérables kindof day. My monolog from Rent was perfectly rehearsed for the
role of greeter/seater/environment creator at Applebee's. But, it's a hard knock life for a Drama
Major trying to find what is so disdainfully referred to as "a real job." I Googled Drama + Job +
frowning face + Andrea and suddenly, my favorite word caught my eye: Audition. NYU.edu caused
me to double take, double tap, then double click to reveal the audition "involves discussion of the
student's educational and professional background, blah, blah, blah and knowledge about the
profession of Drama Therapy." I felt as ditzy as Zaneeta Shinn in The Music Man. I don't know
anything about Drama Therapy... except that one causes a need for the other. Ye Gads! ... Show
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Additionally, the July 19, 2010 Newsweek states that current American students are not as creative
as past generations. Psychodrama fosters creativity by encouraging experimentation, the kind
without your hands down your pants. Drama therapy is not only a successful tool for teaching
children; it has also been used with criminals. The February 2011 Arts & Psychotherapy Journal
discussed the implementation of drama therapy with incarcerated offenders, which has improved
impulse control, compliance with rules, and coping skills. Corcoran State Prison began using drama
therapy on mass murderer Charles Manson and have seen so much improvement, his life sentence
has been reduced! No, not really, drama therapy is good, but it's not THAT good! What drama
therapy has been shown to do is develop empathy to help criminals acknowledge their actions and,
hopefully, prevent future crimes. Like the criminal offense of producing Spiderman the Musical "A
freak like me needs company" Really? Let's fly over to the Implications of Drama Therapy. [shoot
fake web and "fly" across

Experimental Therapy: A Therapeutic Approach
Experimental therapy is a therapeutic approach that allows and motivates clients to view and discuss
their subconscious thoughts and issues. This can be done in various different ways; a client may use
role playing, guided imagery, the use of props, and other active experiences. When working
experimentally, clients are always encouraged to gain a sense of direction of what is happening in
their lives. Experimental therapy starts from the assumption of growth, and allows change to happen
naturally. Experiences that are brought up in experimental therapy are considered to be the critical
aspect in therapy. Experiences are not to be considered a mental process but rather a felt sense of
what is happening, an often vague but significant felt response ... Show more content on
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Members in psychodrama play out events from their lives using five main tools. The stage delivers a
flexible space for autonomy of skill and appearance. The psychodrama director (Therapist), acts as a
counselor, producer and analyst, assisting the group to shape a setting where the protagonist (client)
can try and act freely with the support of auxiliaries (group members). Auxiliaries assist the director
and the protagonist in managing and discovering the protagonist's world, showing real or fictional
people and aspects enclosed in it. The audience can be a discussion board of public opinion or topic
of the drama, they may help the protagonist or may be assisted by the drama that is being
represented. Psychodrama is a way of experimental Therapy this allows the clients to really get
involved with their thoughts. This allows the clients to really understand and figure out and correct
the issues that the group finds to be problematic. Psychodrama consists of a protagonist that is to
represent the issues that characterize the main elements of the group. The protagonist will bring
focus on the drama and present it to the group. The members of the group aid the protagonist in
creating dramatic enactment of the scenes. If the members in the group and the protagonist are
working effectively and efficiently, the current scene that is being discussed and being brought
forward may then be acted out as it was happening. Members of the group may be picked out to
play different roles of the

Group Dynamics: Group Analysis
The group dynamic can be influenced by the facilitator through their actions and response to the
group. In my professional life there were times when I was tasked to lead break out groups in an
effort to discuss areas that were working and areas where we as a team could do things better. In
these small break out group experiences I recognize strengths and challenges in my ability as a
leader. Without formal experience in the helping profession I was unsure how I would relate my
personal experience to the group dynamic. In reading Yalom, I recognized the skills used in my job
to facilitate break out groups was similar to those used to lead process groups. Strengths and
weaknesses Today I am an effective group leader because I have had ... Show more content on
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While the group engages in the warm up my role is to keep an open mind for prompt recognition. A
decision needs to be made based on this observation of the group whether to choose the protagonist
or activate the group to choose (Durić, Veljković, & Tomić 2006 p. 9). Because the group is small I
would like to allow the group to select which photograph they would like to use for the process
group. Unless there is a member who has presented a strong evocative photograph that would create
a powerful group experience I would like to allow the group to choose. However if the picture were
as powerful as I suspect I believe the members would select that one as well. If they chose
something else it may be an opportunity for me to review how I perceive the importance of an
event. The group will then decide which photograph will be the focus of the psychodrama and the
member who was selected will act out their scene for the group. The member will use pieces of
furniture to set their scene and they will be the protagonist of the story (Durić, Veljković, & Tomić
2006 p. 11). I found this technique to be of interest because it develops the skills I spoke of lacking.
In using this technique the members will select the direction the group will take in order to give the
most meaningful experience to all of

Power And Potency Of Groups
Leadership Observations In order to be effective, group leaders must be aware of the power and
potency of groups. The leaders in Restore were sensitive to group members and where they were in
the process. This same consideration was displayed in our class; a good balance of sensitivity and
gentle challenge to be involved in the process. It was evident in Restore which facilitators were the
better equipped, more passionate and skilled. They were confident and utilized their skills to assist
members to find real healing. Restore is a thoughtfully planned out fully fleshed out program. I felt
most of the facilitators displayed the potential to combine their training and passion to help
members foster healthy behavior changes, were able to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Universality –This serves to assist in removing the feeling of "I am the only one going through this."
Certainly in Restore that was displayed as even a visitor seemed relieved when the speaker testified
to her need to feel accepted by everyone. In our class it was displayed when we could look at each
other in the group and realize most of us were on the same level playing field. This was validated
when our class realized we were all feeling awkward at times and reluctant to speak or offer
observations. I suspect that the relief that one feels just being in a group of people openly admitting
they are flawed (or untrained, in our case) can bring some measure of comfort with self, or at least
the situation. Altruism – Even the person that has low self–esteem can feel uplifted and more worthy
in themselves when they are offering help. Giving to another whose situation is similar, as one who
has found coping strategies or skills that has led to their healing or betterment. In Restore this is
done really well. I saw more seasoned attendees reaching back for those who were just beginning
the journey. Throughout the introductory testimony/teaching, as well as the open group there was a
sense of the facilitators enjoying offering helpful information and insights. Thus supporting this
altruism factor. For our class, as well, I could see confidence in what and how built over the
semesters as we shared and formed a greater sense of community

Core Concepts Of The Purest Form Of God
As I reflect on the quote from Benner about finding God in our authentic self, I find it appealing.
My concept of God has shifted over the years, and as I consider the purest form of God to be love, I
agree with the quote. In this essay I will discuss how I consider two of the core concepts of God and
relate them to my development. I will show how I have developed over the last two years at Vision
College, and how this self–development has been a surprising and painful journey, using journal
entries. I will also show my plans for on–going development. I have moved from self–discovery to
self–acceptance to self–love in many areas with many more discoveries yet to come.
The first concept I will discuss is forgiveness. Forgiveness is an important part of the doctrine of
Christianity and is mentioned many times in the Bible. The Biblical principle is that God forgave
our wrongs and so we are to follow the example and forgive each other. Jesus forgave sins, Matthew
9v2 (NIV Bible) is an account of how forgiveness of sin healed a man of paralysis. Even if you don't
believe that Jesus actually physically healed the man, it is a beautiful story of how unforgiveness
can paralyse a person and render them unable to move in a certain way (Pritchard, 2005).
Personally, I have found that forgiveness came from understanding (Journal Entry 1). I was able to
forgive my mother for her many (in my immature eyes) faults.
In addition, forgiveness as a central theme also includes the

The Film, Confessions Of A Sociopath, By Joe Gibbons
The film, Confessions of a Sociopath, was made by the critically acclaimed director Joe Gibbons.
Joe Gibbons is famous for his experimental films, and this film is perhaps his best project to date.
The film is an hour long and takes the viewer through real life events that have occurred in Joe's life.
In the film, Gibbons acts as a fictional version of himself where he finds a room full of footage from
his life with events that he can no longer recall. The film describes his earlier film experiments, his
descent into constructive behavior and his bottoming out on drugs and alcohol. It is intriguing to see
a side of a well–known film maker that no one would have thought existed. The film is also greatly
intriguing because it is not made in the traditional professional way. The viewer is taken through a
series of events that seem normal and completely unscripted. It is also clear that most of the events
in the film were shot without the assistance of professional cameramen and directors save for
Gibbons himself.
The film is important and gives the viewer a chance to experience Gibbon's work on a personal
level. He uses his life experience as material for his films while remaining professional. Even
though the film might be viewed as an autobiography, Gibbons introduces extremely personal
confessions into it that make it a unique type of psychodrama. A series of events unfolds with
Gibbons narrating how he descended to destructive behavior. It is clear that he has had a hard

The Core Concepts Of God
The quote from Benner about finding God in our authentic self, appeals to me. My concept of God
has shifted over the years, and as I consider the purest form of God to be love, I agree with the
quote. In this essay I will discuss how I consider two of the core concepts of God and relate them to
my development. I will show, using journal entries, how I have developed over the last two years at
Vision College, and how this self–development has been a surprising and painful journey. I will
show my plans for ongoing development, travelling from self–discovery to self–acceptance to self–
love.
The first concept to discuss is forgiveness, a paramount doctrine of Christianity and mentioned
frequently in the Bible. The Biblical principle is that God forgave our wrongs and so we are to
follow the example and forgive each other. Forgiveness of sin healed a man of paralysis. Matthew
9v2 (NIV Bible) tells us a moving story of how unforgiveness can paralyse a person and render
them unable to move in a certain way (Pritchard, 2005). Personally, I believe forgiveness entwines
with understanding. Once I understood my Mother's position, forgiveness of her faults inevitably
followed (Journal Entry 1).
In addition, forgiveness as a central theme includes the concept of self–forgiveness. There is the
view that we must forgive ourselves, that when we relinquish the view of ourselves of having to be
perfect, we allow others the permission to fail (Chittister, 2010). Love keeps no

Alcohol and Drinking
Treatments for Alcoholism
Where can alcoholics receive help? "Hospitals, psychiatric agencies, public–welfare departments,
and social agencies, among others are often reluctant to provide care and treatment for problem
drinkers" (Plaut, 53). Although it is difficult to help these problems drinkers, many people will give
all they can to help these problem drinkers. "The provision of treatment to problem drinkers is
complicated because they differ from one to another in so many ways" (Plaut, 33). Many different
factors vary within problem drinkers. "Not only do their drinking patterns vary greatly, but also their
physical health, psychological condition, and economic circumstances" (Plaut, 34). Problem
drinkers have problems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, "long–term control over drinking frequently cannot be achieved without other significant
changes in the patient and his situation, including a reduction of tensions and distress" (Plaut, 35). In
addition, "the quality of the patient"s life, his interpersonal relations and his social and
psychological functioning, must all come within the focus of treatment" (Plaut, 35). The most
popular and widely advocated treatment for alcoholism is Alcoholics Anonymous. "In 1938 it was
estimated that over one million people belong to A.A. There are about forty–eight thousand chapters
of the organization in one hundred and ten countries" (Mendelson and Mellow, 337). These chapters
range in size from "six to four hundred persons" (Mendelson and Mellow, 337). Many people all
around the USA receive help from Alcoholics Anonymous. "A.A. stresses that alcoholism is a
disease and the persons suffering from it have lost their ability to control their drinking" (Plaut, 62).
The frequent meetings "consist principally of the study of A.A. principles, and of members giving
personal reports on their own successful struggles in dealing with alcoholism" (Plaut, 63). In
addition, "the clearly stated principles of A.A. have been a help to many problem drinkers, although
serving as a barrier for some others" (Plaut, 63). Alcoholics Anonymous is a wonderful sel–help
group but it is not the cure for all problem drinking.
What are some other helping

Stereotyping Should Be Allowed In High Schools
among high school students and how negative stereotyping can impact on their life and lead to drug
use and abuse. The second week will discuss two different topics: myths and denials, and chemical
dependency. For myths, I have chosen "Facts and Myths on Drug Use" (see Appendix E) to assist
students to examine the myths, correct their thoughts about drug use as well as learn how some
beliefs are used as justifications. For chemical dependency session, I prefer to start with "The
Types–of–Drugs Chart" activity (see Appendix F) to provide students with the different types of
drugs, how and why they are used. Also, "Reasons, Reasons, Reasons" worksheets (see Appendix
G) would be important to use with students to help them identify the reasons

Television In Movies And Television : The Power Of Television
The idea that television would become so ubiquitous most American homes would have multiple
home televisions was unimaginable in 1946, but by 1951, "fifty five percent of New York theaters
had closed and a new era of entertainment had overtaken Hollywood" (Annenberg, 05:12).
With the Hollywood monopoly on screen entertainment over, a new wave of creativity sparked a
crossover effect that would enhance both movies and television, something that continues today.
Television's infancy was fast paced and spontaneous, with stars, producers, writers and cameramen
all learning while doing during televisions early live broadcasts. Those same artists would also turn
to Hollywood movies and vice versa once film broke through to television, ending live broadcasts.
Film critic Charles Chamblin notes "You had a curious hesitation in the leadership of the film
industry, and I think they really didn't quite know how to cope with television" (Annenberg, 23:45).
The studios used a variety of tactics to combat television and lure people back to the movies, some
pretty outlandish. More publicity as well as gimmicks such as 3–D, Smell–O–Vision and
Psychodrama, were utilized, and as Gene Siskal put it, "it was a carny show effect, to offer what the
audience could not get at home" (Annenberg, 26:00). And larger was better, with Cinemascope and
Vista Vision and sumptuous color by Deluxe, which all worked for a while, but the convenience of
TV and the quality of the stories could not be overcome by

Bates Motel Case Study Psychology
After leaving viewers screaming for more in its Season 3 finale, "Bates Motel" will return for its
fourth season to churn more psychodrama shock for its fans. When Bates Motel season 3 ended,
Freddie Highmore's Norman Bates had transformed into a full–blown psycho, scaring his mother
Norma Bates even more. While Norman had been unable to accept his real situation, Norma's fear
for his son is starting to be realized, and death is waiting for her somewhere along the road,
according to Movie News Guide (MNG). The fourth season of Bates Motel will present a darker
personality for Norman, who will be admitted to a mental institution. Viewers will also witness the
growing distance between Norma and Norman, the report relays. Executive producer Kerry

Adlerian Psychotherapy: an Overview of Theory and Practice
Abstract Understand, interpret, direct. This statement is an oversimplification of sorts, but defines
the essence of Adlerian psychotherapy. From this minimal overview of Adlerian theory, we can
begin to elaborate and explore the intricacies of individual psychology. Adlerians are concerned
with understanding the unique and private beliefs and strategies of the individual (private logic and
mistaken notions) that we create in childhood, and which serve as a reference for attitudes, private
views of self, others and the world, and behavior (lifestyle). Therapeutic work with clients involves
short–term and intensive work to increase social interest, to encourage a greater sense of
responsibility for behavior, and to support behavioral ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, if the strivings are for the purpose of overcoming life's problems, the individual
is engaged in the striving for self–realization, in contribution to humanity and in making the world a
better place to live" (Mosak, 1995, p. 53). Concept of Intervention Like all therapies it is assumed
that the individual's present way of living may accord safety but not happiness, and because there
are not any guarantees in life, one must risk some ‘safety' for the possibility of greater happiness
and self–fulfillment. How each therapy goes about moving the client from a place of ‘safety' to a
place of relative ‘risk taking' may differ. Adlerian psychology addresses the complete range of
human experience, from optimal to pathological, and sees the ‘therapeutic' relationship as a
friendly one between equals (Stein, 1996). At the foundation of Adlerian theory and practice is an
optimism about human nature and the premise that the primacy of a feeling of community
(connectedness) is an index and goal of mental health (Stein, 1996). The process (intervention) is
really one of life–style investigation. The therapist tries to understand the patients life–style, how
the individual engages his life, and how that life–style affects the client's current functioning. The
goal of treatment is not merely symptom relief, but the adoption of a contributing way of living
(Stein, 1996). Adlerians view pain and suffering in a

Psychodrama
PSYCHODRAMA
I. Defining Psychodrama
– Founded by Dr. Jacob Levy Moreno
– Which means It means full psycho–realization
– It is a technique for expressing difficult emotions and facing deep conflicts by having group
participants enact significant life events. It is a method to externally express the internal psyche and
work with a person's representation of the past, present, and future in the current moment.
– Dr. Moreno defined psychodrama as "the science which explores 'the truth' by dramatic methods".
Moreno emphasized that the main goal of psychodrama was to help clients discover their inner
truth, express repressed re·pressed adj. Being subjected to or characterized by ... Show more content
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The whole psycho–dramatic process is designed to bring a person into the experience of the
authentic state of being. When there, spontaneity is released, and creative choices are made for
bettering one's life.
III. Therapeutic Goals
Moreno: A truly therapeutic procedure cannot have less an objective than the whole of mankind
Moreno's expansive goals are concerned with all aspects of living and the maximizing of human
potential: "Psychodrama enables the client to build a bridge beyond the roles he plays in his daily
existence, to surpass and transcend the reality of life as he lives it, to get into a deeper relationship
with existence, to come as close as possible to the highest form of encounter of which he is
capable". The focus is wider than symptom relief, extending towards full experience and relish of
life. IV. Therapeutic Technique
3 Phases:
WARM–UP is designed to produce atmosphere of creative possibility. This phase is concerned with
establishing connections, building cohesiveness and increasing spontaneity. At this phase issues and
concerns central to the group emerge and a protagonists is chosen. The client may be chosen by the
group, by the leader or by oneself. The group becomes the safe container, the womb within which a
child is warmed up to the ultimate spontaneous act of birth.
ACTION: The protagonist steps on the stage to take action on his

The Social Work Profession And Career Interests
Master Integrative Assignment
Introduction
My perspective about the social work profession and career interests have been evolving and
gaining more depth since I entered the MSW program. I would like to contribute to the betterment
of the lives of the disadvantaged or marginalized individuals, and I am confident that graduating
from the UTSA MSW program will enable me to apply my knowledge to culturally competent
practice. It was my career in teaching that directed me through the years of my professional
experience toward social work. Currently, my areas of interest are in school social work and
gerontology. I can also envision myself having an active role within a hospital or clinic working
with people to address their needs.
Advanced Methods: Groups
Group membership is natural to human life because being a member of the society means belonging
to numerous groups. The classroom turned into a safe place for voicing our own dilemmas, and
there was always room for conversation and discussion of controversial issues, for instance, related
to the current national and global events, as well as pertaining to more ethical issues, such as what
kind of icebreakers should be used in social work practice with groups. Classroom experience also
provided a safe environment for use of a role play and psychodrama to rehearse different scenarios
applicable to real–life situations, such as applying for job or internship.
During discussions, we continued to learn from each other, give

The Art Scene in New York City in the 60's and Early 70s'
Reflection circa 1973 was, grinding away best, an unobtrusively venturesome redesign on prior
models. A significant part of the new painting seen in Manhattan doesn't climb so high. It's generally
a gifted however doomed repeat. Four decades back, "execution workmanship" was an option to
painting. It was offbeat and clunky, past innovation, or perhaps unreasonably underneath it, intended
to reflect a world in which materials were transient, models pointless, values tricky. A ton of late
execution workmanship in New York, especially that in the biennial celebration Performa, has had
very nearly the inverse properties: It's cleaned, bundled, pricey, storehouse primed.
Then, we can set out over to the "execution art's" beginnings in a sketchy yet engrossing archival
presentation, "Customs of Rented Island: Object Theater, Loft Performance, and the New
Psychodrama – Manhattan, 1970–1980" at the Whitney Museum of American Art.
New York City in the early 1970s was a wreck: bankrupt, or everything except, and going into
disrepair. One focal point to specialists was the accessibility of shoddy, void space, prominently in
the Lower Manhattan mechanical locale that came to be called Soho. An alternate was that, with the
workmanship showcase in the pits after the 1960s blast, there was a nothing–to–lose opportunity to
investigation.
Onto the scene came craftsmen who were as intrigued by dialect, theater, move, music, social work,
TV, help and stand–up comic drama as they were in

Adlerian Psychotherapy Essay
Understand, interpret, direct. This statement is an oversimplification of sorts, but defines the essence
of Adlerian psychotherapy. From this minimal overview of Adlerian theory, we can begin to
elaborate and explore the intricacies of individual psychology. Adlerians are concerned with
understanding the unique and private beliefs and strategies of the individual (private logic and
mistaken notions) that we create in childhood, and which serve as a reference for attitudes, private
views of self, others and the world, and behavior (lifestyle). Therapeutic work with clients involves
short–term and intensive work to increase social interest, to encourage a greater sense of
responsibility for behavior, and to support behavioral change. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, this theory proposes that, "to live is to feel inferior" (Mosak 1995). However, when the
individual begins to act inferior rather than feel inferior, the individual is engaging in
"discouragement" or the inferiority complex (Mosak 1995). "To oversimplify, the inferiority feeling
is universal and 'normal'; the inferiority complex reflects the discouragement of a limited segment of
our society and is usually 'abnormal'" (Mosak 1995). This theory views the healthy and "ideal"
individual as one who engages in life experiences with confidence and optimism. "There is a sense
of belonging and contributing, the 'courage to be imperfect,' and the serene knowledge that one can
be acceptable to others, although imperfect" (Mosak 1995).
This theory uses subjectivity for understanding the person. In order to understand the individual, we
must understand his or her cognitions. Harold Mosak (1995) identifies five underlying assumptions
to the Adlerian theory. He states, "a) the individual is unique, b) the individual is self–consistent, c)
the individual is responsible, d) the person is creative, an actor, a chooser, and e) people in a soft–
deterministic way can direct their own behavior and control their destinies" (Mosak, 1995, p.87).
According to Adlerian theory, people strive to attain goals that provide them with a place in this
world, in turn giving them security and enhancing self– esteem.
"If strivings are solely for the

The Profession Of Counseling In The 1920's
The 1920s were a relatively quiet time for the counseling profession in terms of discoveries and
experiments but it was much more active in a different area with major steps forward in legally
creating the actual profession of counseling as well as counselor education. Counseling was leaving
the stigma of friendly advice and heading into a world of trained professionals. During this time,
progressive theories of education, as well as guidance services, were the main influences and
practices but a specialty area of counseling emerged during this time as well. This period is the most
influential era on our contemporary practice, but not in the way one usually thinks. While the 1920's
was a quiet time, it built the beginnings of the foundation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This often uses elements of theater and can be conducted on stage, or a space that can be used like
one and props can be used. Through this therapy, clients can explore internal conflicts by acting out
emotions and interactions on stage. This therapy focuses on one participant and uses four specific
techniques; mirroring, doubling, soliloquy, and role reversal. Contemporary psychodrama therapy
can be used in both a non–clinical and clinical setting. Psychodrama can be used in education,
professional training, and businesses in the non–clinical setting but in the clinical field, it can be
used to help with emotional trauma, PTSD, and dysfunctional attachments ("What is Psychodrama,"
2014). With this in mind, it is used often for the treatment of children who suffered emotional
trauma and abuse. Even though Psychodrama is not widely practiced, the work that was done has
opened the doors to research on other concepts like group therapy and drama therapy. Psychodrama
laid the foundation for the contemporary psychodrama practice as well as the footings for research
on group therapies, which are widely used today. Lastly, John Watson developed the theory of
Behaviorism which is defined as the science of observable behavior. Watson rejected the idea of

Essay about Oedipus the King and Oedipus Complex
Oedipus Rex, is a Sophocles play, that according to Freud exemplifies a formative stage in a
individuals psychosexual development. The psychosexual stages are the age related developmental
periods in which sexual impulses are exerted through different bodily zones and then activities are
associated with those areas in the bodily zones. These is when a young child will transfer his love
object from the breast to the mother. When the child gives up the breast and moves to the mother it
is known as the oral phase. The child then has the sexual desire for the opposite sex parent and will
usually have hostility towards the same sex parent. During this time, the child will have a secret
desire to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The boy then feels hostility and jealously towards his father, but then will come to realize that his
father is much more powerful then he is. Freud says, " the boy will then experience castration
anxiety which is the fear that his father will punish him by castration (Freud, 1993) ." Fixation at a
particular stage may result If the developmental conflicts are not successfully resolved. He figured if
this feelings were not successfully resolved then they would contribute to neuroses in later life. The
only way anyone could resolve the Oedipus Complex and the anxieties from the complex , the boy
ultimately will join force with the enemy by resorting to the defense mechanism of identification.
Identification is a psychoanalytic theory that involves the ability to reduce the anxiety by imitating
the behavior and characteristics of one individual. For instance, he would most likely imitate his
fathers values, attitude and mannerisms. Girls are another way in which the Oedipus Complex could
be resolved because girls usually identify with the same sex parent and then they develop a strong
superego against urges. Freud considered this complex is be the cornerstone of superego and the
nucleus of all human relationships. Oedipus in a way had this Oedipus Complex because

Ohad Naharin Biography
Ohad Naharin, an Israeli dancer, choreographer, and director, was raised in an artistic home, with a
psychologist who specialized in psychodrama as a father, and a mother who was a Feldenkrais
instructor, a dancer, and a choreographer. Considered one of the world's most outstanding
contemporary choreographers, Naharin focused mainly on music, and painting, until the age of 22.
At 22, Naharin started dancing at the Batsheva Dance Company, during which he was approached
and invited by Martha Graham to come to America, where he would go on to study at Juilliard and
the School of American Ballet.
In the year 1990, Ohad was appointed the artistic director of the Batsheva Dance Company, where
his style started to develop, focusing on a set of words

Reality and Illusion in Shakespeare's Hamlet
Appearance versus Reality in Hamlet
Hamlet is organized around various pairs of opposing forces. One of these forces is the difference
between that what seems and that which actually is, in other words, appearance versus reality. What
is, and what merely appears to be? We can discern two principal angles from which this question is
approached in Hamlet. First, we have the angle of inward and outward emotions, and the profound
distinction that is drawn between them. In other words, the tranquil face that we all show to the
world is never the same as the turmoil of our souls. In Hamlet, Shakespeare explores this both
explicitly, through the device of the play within the play, and implicitly, through the ways in which
he uses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, some philosophers have stated that there is no objective external reality, and our perceptions
define the world (Berkeley) – while Shakespeare's view is not so extreme, it comes close. This is
best exhibited in the oracular nature of certain characters, namely the couple of Hamlet and Ophelia.
We can examine the dialogue between Polonius and Hamlet in Act II, Scene ii (171–219). Hamlet's
speech here consists of only loosely connected ideas. His speech is full of non sequiturs and facts
that are clearly wrong, as we see here:
Polonius. Do you know me, my lord?
Hamlet. Excellent well. You are a fishmonger.
Polonius. Not I, my lord.
Hamlet. Then I would you were so honest a man.
Polonius. Honest, my lord?
Hamlet. Ay, sir. To be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten thousand.
(2.2.173–179)
Polonius is, of course, not a fishmonger. Hamlet's motivation for speaking about honesty here is at
best unclear. And why Hamlet suddenly spits out deep philosophical truths – as he does in the final
line above – is nothing short of mysterious. Yet somehow Polonius, who can see Hamlet where we
can only read his words, finds meaning in them: "Though this be madness, yet there is method in it"
(2.2.207–208).

As oracles go, Ophelia is even worse than Hamlet. Her "babblings" (Berman) – the songs which she
sings at her return in Act IV, Scene v – are

Social Service Agency Overview
Goal Statement
This paper will analyze County Department of Social Services Agency that is located in Salisbury,
North Carolina and correlate the ecological theory rand the psychodynamic/ psychoanalytical theory
to explain how this agency interact with its clients and the community. This agency has multiple
service divisions such as the Adult and Family Support Services Division that consist of the Crisis
Intervention Program, Food Stamp Program, Intake (Adult Medicaid), and Long–term care
Medicaid (nursing homes). Also, this agency has a Children's Services Division. Rowan County
Department of Social Services has a Family and Children's Public Assistance Division and also, this
agency provides the Work First Employment ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although many of these Division's programs are Federally mandated, the North Carolina
Legislature and Executive Branch also establishes programs for citizens. There are also
commissions which develop operating rules that impact county departments of Social Services.
These are the Commissions of the North Carolina General Assembly and include the Joint Senate
and House Appropriations Subcommittee on Health and Human Resources; House Welfare Reform
Committee; Joint Legislative Public Assistance Commission; Joint Subcommittee on Governmental
Operations – Health and Human Resources; Joint Study Commission on Aging; and Senate/House
Judiciary Committee. The Division of Social Services (DSS) works very closely with both the
chairpersons of these Committees as well as their legislative staff. The Joint Senate and House
Appropriations Subcommittee has responsibility for approving the Division's budget while the other
legislative committees have responsibility for any statutory changes made to the General Statutes
that govern DSS programs and services. One of the most influential bodies developing operating
rules for NC DSS is the Social Services Commission. The North Carolina Social Services
Commission is a statutorily based body, G.S. 143B–
153(http://ncdhhs.gov/dss/sscommission/statutes.htm).
An ecological

Jungian Dialectical Methods
1. Psychoanalysis Instincts /Drive an innate psychic energy known as id Sigmund Freud Catharsis
or Abreaction drives Conscious and unconscious mental state activity Western values were
effective/Modified by measure of awareness Interpretation of the transference relationship
2. Analytical Therapy Archetype Carl Jung–
Jungian Dialectical method The collective unconscious and archetypes filtering from the conscious
to repress the unconscious Self–Free association/ Individuation– wholeness Dialectical method
3. Individual Psychology Teleology Alfred Adler
(Adlerian therapy) Fictional final goal Conscious and unconscious uniqueness of the individual
Style of life as a final goal Inferiority/ Private logic Assessing and understanding the lifestyle (phase
II)
Existential–Humanistic
1. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Person–Centered Counseling Organismic valuing process Carl Rogers Actualizing tendency Choice
and free will as a way of being Conditions of worth/Incongruence Unconditional positive regard
Cognitive–Behavioral
1. Behavior Therapy "Baby in a box" B.F. Skinner Mentalistic concepts Radical behaviorist
unconscious feeling, thoughts and action affect individuals behaviors Deterministic/
Self– management Systematic desensitization
2. Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Fallible human beings Albert Ellis Irrational belief systems
Cognitive process which causes complex interaction Cognitive disputations/
Risk–taking behaviors Psychoeducational
3. Cognitive Therapy Genetic and evolutionary predispositions Aaron "Tim" Beck Constructivist
Structure of cognitions Core beliefs– automatic thoughts/
Cognitive schema Pragmatic
4. Reality Therapy/Choice Theory Self– preservation William Glasser Inner control Perceptual
control theory Choice theory/ Control theory WDEP system
Post–Modern
1. Narrative Therapy Absent but implicit Michael White Narrative Externalizing the problem and
mapping its effects Social constructionism/Dominant narratives Qualitative

Psychodrama Session
the protagonist is invited to move out of his own position or role into the significant other's position
and enact that role) The session is often broken up into three phases – the warm–up, the action, and
the post–discussion. During a typical psychodrama session, a number of clients gather together. One
of these clients is chosen by the group as the protagonist, and the director calls on the other clients
to assist the protagonist's either by portraying other characters, or by utilizing mirroring, doubling,
or role reversal. The clients act out a number of scenes in order to allow the protagonist to work
through certain scenarios. This is obviously beneficial for the protagonist but also is helpful to the
other group members, allowing them to assume the role of another person and apply that experience
to their own life. The focus during the session is on the acting out of different scenarios, rather than
simply talking through them. All of the different elements of the session (stage, props, lighting, etc.)
are used to heighten the reality of the scene. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the warm–up, the actors are encouraged to enter into a state of mind where they can be
present in and aware of the current moment and are free to be creative. This is done through the use
of different ice–breaker games and activities. Next, the action section of the psychodrama session is
the time in which the actual scenes themselves take place. Finally, in the post–discussion, the
different actors are able to comment on the action, coming from their personal point of view, not as
a critique, sharing their empathy and experiences with the protagonist of the

Essay on Depression and Finding Help
Depression and Finding Help
Depression is defined as an illness; the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or
adolescent's ability to function. Depression can be a very difficult and painful experience that affects
not only the individual suffering from it, but also the people around them. There comes a point in
some peoples' lives where social isolation, low energy, sadness, low self–esteem, and the feeling of
hopelessness, cannot be taken anymore. The feelings are so strong and persistent, that the victim
becomes severely unhappy, which can then result in depression. Clinical depression has many
related symptoms trouble sleeping, eating disorders, withdrawal and inactivity, self–punishment,
and loss of pleasure. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therapy is obviously the oldest cure for depression, and while it has no 'side affects,' it is not
foolproof. A therapist or psychologist may not cure a person, as this happens very often, and then
another suggestion may be implemented. Drug prescription would probably be the next step.
Depression can be helped with anti–depressants. The three main categories of anti–depressants are
tricyclics (TCA's), monoamine oxiduse inhibitors (MAOI's), and selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitors (SSRI's). TCA's raise the level of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain .They slow
the rate of absorption by the nerve cells . TCA's have been prescribed since the 1950's. Tricyclics
are made up of a triple carbon ring The most popular brand names of TCA's are Imipramine
(Tofranil), Amutruptyline (Elaurl), and Nortriptyline (Pamelor) (Miligan 126). Prozac, Zoloft, and
Paxil are all commonly known anti–depressants, and all basically affect the patient the same way.
Prozac is used by six million people in the United States and by eleven million worldwide. Prozac is
an antidepressant that produces neuron chemicals that depressed people are missing. Many
complaints have been issued about such drugs, as they often induce severe side affects. Side affects
vary person to person. If they are taken at high

Stereotypes In Psychodrama, Black Swan
Psychodrama, Black Swan is a film that portrays the competitive world of professional ballet and
the internal struggles that transpire in the notoriously cutthroat industry. The film highlights a
repressed ballerina Nina Sayers, (Natalie Portman) and her downward mental spiral attributed to her
irrational pursuit of perfection. Nina's psychosis has provoked a warped understanding of reality
triggering irrational behavior that attempts to achieve perfection as a means to happiness. The film
has a devastating denouement, illustrating how distorted ideas of happiness can lead to destructive
and in this case, fatal outcome. The film opens with an introduction of the protagonist Nina, a misfit
in the ballet community and rigid dancer with an enmeshed relationship with her mother, a former
dancer who lives vicariously through her daughter's dancing career. Nina's sensitive to criticism,
compliant, soft spoken and anti–social. Much like her dancing she is beautiful but stiff and
expresses ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nina's infatuation with a perfect routine has exceeded the point of unhealthy. The stress causes her
to pick at her skin and scratch her back so much so that she causes herself to bleed and have visible,
unattractive scars. These ailments serve as physical reflections of her mental condition... Stressed,
overworked and undernourished. Throughout the film, Nina's physical complications negatively
impact her dancing as the sprains and bruising is exacerbated throughout her practicing and
instructors comment on the unattractive scratches as a cosmetic issue for the ballet. Nina's physical
condition serves as an example of how perfection is an illusion and is actually deterrence to
happiness opposed to an entryway. Had Nina maintained a healthy attitude towards her dancing she
would have prevented injuries and stress, which would have reflected on her performance and her
physical

A Brief Note On The Smoking Cessation Program
In the smoking cessation program, nurses play an active role to increase the health literacy of clients
and encourage them to quit smoking by using the appropriate brief interventions. Brief interventions
are customized pretreatment tool, which effectively improve the clients' health literacy and increase
their motivation to stop smoking (World Health Organisation, 2003, p. 4). To tailor the appropriate
behavior modification interventions and increase the likelihood of quit quitting, Stages of Change
model is widely used to identify the client's stage of change process (Koyun & Eroğlu b, 2013, p.
131). To gain further understanding of how a nurse can improve health literacy and health outcomes
of smokers by using Stage of Change Model, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Department of Health and Human Services, 2014, p. 1–3). There are at least 60 chemicals found to
cause numerous of cancers，including, but not limited to, lung, blood, Oropharynx and Esophagus
(State Government of Victoria, 2014). A study, which followed 387 persons for 25 years to study the
cumulative effect of smoking on the functional ability at age 75, found that in addition to
significantly reduce the life expectancy, smoking increases the risk of disablements late in life of the
smokers (Støvring, Avlund, Schultz–Larsen, & Schroll, 2004, p. 298–300). Tobacco use affects both
smokers and non–smokers. Children and pregnant women are the most vulnerable (State
Government of Victoria, 2014). Passive smoking causes many adverse effects on their health even
they do not smoke. It increases the risk of cardiovascular, pulmonary and neoplastic diseases in
children, such as asthma, lung infections and heart diseases. For the pregnant women, it increases
the occurrence of sudden infant death syndrome, miscarriage and stillbirth (State Government of
Victoria, 2014).
In Australia, tobacco is the largest single preventable cause of diseases and death (Australian Bureau
of Statistics, 2013). According to the National drug strategy household survey 2013, the prevalence
of daily smoking in Australian population over 14

Psychodrama Therapy
What is central to the therapeutic process is change and developing adequate ways to cope and live.
Traumatic experiences have a very strong and deep effect on individuals and should be treated with
caution. Psychodrama therapy (PDT), developed by Jacob Moreno, is a form of group
psychotherapy where each individual becomes a therapeutic agent for each other in the group
(Sproesser, Viana, Quagliato, & de Souza, 2010). Additionally, PDT is a humanistic and unique
therapeutic approach utilizing action to work through and process emotions stemming from painful
or traumatic events (cite). Moreno discovered that action is effective in exploring an individual's
interpersonal relations and private worlds (cite). Action–oriented therapy has been ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is an experience where a person loses their sense of self and can strain interpersonal relationships.
Unfortunately, traumatization tends to occur within the realm of interpersonal relationships (cite),
and in turn leaves behind a sense of isolation, shame, and guilt (cite). Trauma occurs when a
person's ability to effectively respond and cope to a perceived threat is overwhelmed. For those who
have experienced severe trauma will likely develop the symptoms of Post–Traumatic Stress
Disorder (PTSD; Shalev et al., 1998; Kisiel et al., 2014). PTSD is apparent in survivors as they may
experience recurrent dreams, feeling or acting as if the traumatic event were recurring, intense
psychological distress, and physiological reactions, such as rapid heart beat, sweating, or pounding
head (Dayton, 2000) and a decrease in social functioning (Rademaker, Vermetten, & Kleber, 2009).
Traumatic events can carry long–lasting, powerful effects, such as mental and emotional problems,
bodily discomfort, and strains on interpersonal relationships (McVea, Gow, & Lowe, 2011). Trauma
shatters an individual's beliefs about the world and others, while robbing him/her of self–esteem,
sense of self, and safety. Empirical evidence has inferred that trauma survivors express they
perceive the world as unsafe and people are regarded as dangerous (Sezgin & Punamaki, 2008).
Allowing survivors to release their repressed emotions while receiving the support from a group is
the magic of PDT. The process of healing trauma and emotional pain must focus on repairing what
the event destroyed (Sezgin & Punamaki, 2008). This paper will focus on how psychodrama is an
effective approach of therapy in healing individuals who have encountered trauma or painful
emotional

Peter Shaffer's 'Psychodrama Equus'
Peter Shaffer's psychodrama Equus explores themes such as love, worship, and marriage throughout
the text. Dysart's dialogue with Hesther in scene 18 reveals Dysart's feeling of entrapment simply on
a marital level, whilst also highlighting his perception of Alan as changing his viewpoints on issues.
Shaffer's exploration of marriage starts at the beginning of Scene 18, when Hester asks Dysart "Do
you understand her?" which Dysart replies with: "No. Obviously I never did". Dysart's chosen use
of "obviously", rather than just "I never did" in the sentence, shows Dysart's acceptance, and
perhaps reluctance, that he has never fully "understood" his wife. Furthermore, the blunt,
declarative, and short sentence comprised of simply "No." allows ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
His wish for "One instinctive, absolutely unbrisk person I could take to Greece". Dysart's use of an
impersonal pronoun means it is unclear at first whom Dysart is referring to, though it could perhaps
implied to be Hesther. Indeed, his wish for someone who could be considered "unbrisk", a word
coined by Dysart that is meant to be an antonym of "brisk" perhaps reveals a desire for a person
with a slower, more learned appreciation of classical culture. Dysart goes on to verbalize with
Hesther his jealousy towards Alan, who manages to live for "lone hour every three weeks."
Furthermore, Dysart's quotation in this paraphrase to "Worship as many as you can see – and more
will appear!" stresses the importance of worship, however he does not define it as merely the
worship of a deity, but of naturalistic objects. The use of a modal auxiliary verb in "can" also
implies that Dysart understands that a person is not able to fully see Ancient Greek relics as he is,
but, potentially, a person such as Alan still could do so. Indeed, Dysart's fear that if he had a son, he
would be "utterly worshipless" seems to subconsciously reflect on his treatment of Alan; his
encouragement towards Alan to speak about his feelings towards horses shows his fear that Alan
will be without worship, though his understanding that Alan's quasi–fanatical devotion towards
horses is wrong is also shown. The idea that "more will appear!" also shows Dysart's

Mutism And Autism
Social Justice for Children with Selective Mutism
Social justice can be applied in all the expressive therapies, but I want to focus on how it can be
applied for psychodrama with selectively mute children. I choose this topic because I am very
interested in this research and I feel as though we did not get to go into detail about this topic in
class. In our readings, there were a few sections that mentioned this client population, but I wanted
to do more research to see if the expressive arts would be a good fit for the beginning stages of
getting to know these clients. I am currently being trained in working with selectively mute children
in my internship. The training is coming for a cognitive–behavioral model, but there are components
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This can be even more problematic if it is not treated early on because then it can develop into
social anxiety and/or avoidant personality disorder in the future. Selective mutism is a poorly
understood childhood condition that affects approximately 1% of the population (Cohan et al.,
2008). Helping to make the child see that it is okay to speak and that we want to hear what the client
has to say is important. Starting by using non–verbals is an important bridge and the use of play
therapy for these children is the key to building a relationship and rapport with them. As we learned
in class play is the language for children so this is exactly how we can get them to express
themselves, especially for younger children.
Selective mutism falls within the category of Anxiety Disorders. According to the current
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM–5; APA, 2013, p. 195 &
Kumpulainen, 2002), the diagnostic criteria for selective mutism are as follows: A. Consistent
failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at
school) despite speaking in other situations. B. The disturbance interferes with educational or
occupational achievement or with social communication. C. The duration of the disturbance is at
least 1 month (not limited to the first month of school). D. The

Joseph Pratt Group Therapy
To begin with group therapy is a therapeutic intervention based on environmental and emotional
conflicts affecting a person wellbeing. Not to mention, a method for solving emotional and
behavioral functions of human interpersonal relationships. By the same token, group therapy helps
individuals develop a sense of satisfaction pointing out functional relationships with one or more
persons. To clairify, ways to help people behave in structured groups as a method for diminishing
feelings of isolation. Second, group therapy is not a long–term resolution it is a short–term
resolution with the probability to connect the dots the feeling of belonging. Nevertheless, group
thearpy is an unique part of human contact and human experiences for participatant. With this in
mind, it helps people struggling with being alone and their problems. Also, provides extra support to
help the individual get through, with support, understanding, and caring individuals requiring a
safety before they reveal their truth.
Third, Joseph Pratt introduced group therapy, with patients suffering from tuberculosis, the leading
cause of death in the 1900's. Granted, Mr. Pratt focus was to find a way where his methods aligned
patients with the same type of illness and supportive measures, relating to all their problems and
issues from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With this in mind, group therapy, helps one see the mirror reflection of themselves. Point
overlooked, sometimes truth from others, reveal denial and the fear of rejection human beings
obsolete or rum from. In short, conquering demons and vices ia hard task in itself, however, asking
for help is the first step and working through trials and tribulations with others on same path in a
group therapeutic setting, change will come if individuals put their best foot foward, and find the
strength to work hard and change for the better in

Example Of Adlerian Group Therapy
Adlerian Theory and Therapy Before Adler's theory about the psychology of growth in the 1920's
one widely accepted form of therapy was Freud's psychoanalytic approach that posited
physiological chemistry and sexual repression were the causes of neurosis. Freud's psychoanalytic
methodology was long and tedious, and focused more on the person as an individual outside and
apart from society rather than being within it. Conversely, Adler contended that all people are born
into a group (family) and therefore should be treated accordingly. Moreover, Adler postulated "that
fundamentally humans all have a need to belong" (Ferguson, 2010, p. 1). This led to developing an
approach that dealt with people on a holistic level which included not only treating the person as an
individual, but to treat them as members of something greater than themselves (society). Adler's
group approach is utilized in "both prison and child guidance populations" (Gladding, 2016, p. 382),
the workplace (Ferguson, 2006a, p. 80), schools, and with families. The effectiveness from Adlerian
group therapy derives from the social identifiable conflicts that all people endure. Moreover, in a
group setting the individual is faced with multiple interactions among other group members
concerning their behavior and thought process via feedback and by being challenged publicly to
identify and adjust any illogical or irrational thoughts and beliefs. Naturally, Adlerian group therapy
operates from the

Flesh by Paul Morrissey
In the first scene of Paul Morrissey's 1968 film Flesh, the viewer is taken on a brief journey through
the streets of New York City. The perspective taken is that from a passive observer looking into the
life of the main character. The camera does not tamper with the images nor try to impose new
meaning on them – we see the sequence of events as it actually unfolds. Throughout the film clip, a
main theme is centered on the banality of the protagonist's existence, and his restless state is
reflected within both technical and organic aspects of the clip. The opening shot looks like it was
taken with a handheld camera, as it is somewhat shaky and we can hear a background noise. We are
introduced to the character right away. We see a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He is looking for something or someone that will complete him, so he talks to strangers and
acquaintances hoping to have a breakthrough. His quick gazes are similar to the quick cuts of the
camera – again, he is restless, unsatisfied. The cuts and jumps are representative of how everyone is
traveling in a linear direction beccause they know what they want – they are walking with a
purpose. The cuts are chaotic, like his character. Everyone that he watches is going on with their
lives, walking briskly past him, but he stays in the same spot because he is in limbo – he can't move
forward with his life because he doesn't know what he wants. His ambiguity is also demonstrated at
the very beginning of the clip – the first image we see of him is a reflection, which signifies an
unclear and murky sense of self. Perhaps other people shape him – he is a reflection of their wants
and needs, and this is how he lost himself. A reflection is not true reality, however, and he is not
going to find himself by looking to other people for validation. Although the focus of the clip is on
him, he is still somewhat passive and shows a lack of control.
Another important theme in the clip is homosexuality. The male character is objectified, like a
woman would be in a typical movie scene. The gaze is projected onto him. We also see two
characters that seem to engage in a romantic touching sequence, which might be some sort of
foreshadowing. The protagonist only speaks to men

An Analysis of Mel Lazarus' Angry Fathers Essays
A00116258
Angry Fathers Mel Lazarus, writer of Angry Fathers, showed by describing his relationship between
him and his father, as he recalled an incident that happened when he was 9 years old, back in 1938,
when corporal punishment was most used to correct bad behavior, "They'll live, don't worry ", was
the common idea, that event marked his relationship and trust with his father for life. Lazarus'
family stayed at a boarding house in Catskills for the summer during school vacations, and he and
two buddies were hanging out one August afternoon, bored. So what they decided to do was engage
in a little remodeling, as the owner of the place was furious, the three mothers basically decided to
let their husbands discipline the boys. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That was not his way, Although many years has passed since then, corporal punishment still being
used sometimes with hard consequences, often we notice on television real cases of parents going
too far, they are different ways that corporal punish is used, the most popular is within the family,
typically children punished by parents or guardians; within the schools when students are punished
by teachers or administrators' or as part of a criminal sentence ordered by a court of law. Corporal
punishment of minors within domestic settings is lawful in all 50 states and widely approved by
parents. "They'll live, don't worry ", Stanishly the consequences of corporal punishment are vivid, a
14% of all men in prison in the USA were abuse as children, 36% of all women in prison were
abused as children and of course children who experience child abuse are 59% more likely to be
arrested as a juvenile, and 28% more likely to be arrested as an adult. On the other hand we were
very fortunate that my parents had the same level of understanding when it came to punishing us,
(we were five kids growing up together), I called my sisters Nora and Veronica, to asked them if
they recalled my parents ever punishing us that way, but they told me as I remembered, our parents
used discipline on a different way, even then,

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