ITVoyagers has created this presentation which gives a basic overview on XMPP, HTTP and UPnP. Presentation contents following points : XMPP Stack XMPP Network Stanzas Jabber Identification (JID) HTTP URL Division HTTP Methods UPnP Features Demerits Above presentation will help students with their last movement exam preparation. ITVoyagers is working on creating detail presentation on different concepts from IT/CS.

1. XMPP, HTTP and UPnP
AUTHOR : ITVOYAGERS
WEBSITE : ITVOYAGERS.IN

2. Content
XMPP
 Stack
 XMPP Network
 Stanzas
 Jabber Identification (JID)
HTTP
 URL Division
 HTTP Methods
UPnP
 Features
 Demerits
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3. XMPP(Extensible Messaging and Presence
Protocol)
XMPP was first published in 1999 and 2000 in RFC 3920.
In 2002 XMPP working group was formed by IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) to formalize
the core protocols.
XMPP is communication protocol
XMPP is based on XML.
There was a need for protocol which can transmit data between different platforms and
applications here is when XMPP comes in picture.
XMPP helps us to transmit data between different platforms and applications.
XMPP is great for IOT devices.
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4. XMPP Stack
4
XMPP Protocol
Libraries for platform
User Application
XMPP has libraries for most of the platforms out there, this feature of XMPP makes it great
transmission protocol for IOT devices.
Even though there are different application which will no interact with each other, but with
XMPP data transmission between those application is possible.
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5. 5
Server1.com
Server2.com Server3.com
User-Z@Server.com/Mobile
User-B@Server1.com/PC1
User-B@Server1.com/Mobile1
User-C@Server2.com/PC1
User-C@Server2.com/Mobile1
User-D@Server3.com/PC1
User-A@Server3.com/Tablet1
User-A@Server1.com/PC1
Username Domain Resource
XMPP JID
XMPP Network
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6. Jabber Identification (JID)
Each XMPP entity has unique ID also for its separate devices, which is known as JID (Jabber
Identification).
JID is divided in 3 parts.
 Username : username of entity.
 Domain : Server name.
 Resource : Devices name.
Resource helps to identify devices is uniquely even though they are used by same entity.
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7. XMPP Stanzas
The <message> Stanzas is use to transmit information between XMPP devices.
Following are the types of stanzas.
Message
 When we want to send message, we use <message> stanza.
Presence
 Each time XMPP device change its status, <presence> stanzas are broadcasted.
 It controls the subscription status between devices.
Information/Query (IQ)
 The <iq> stanza is used to request or modify data, it acts like HTML’s GET and POST methods.
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8. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is an application layer protocol.
HTTP is foundation for WWW.
In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee at CERN initiated the Development of HTTP.
HTTP uses TCP for communication.
HTTP is request/response protocol based on client/server model.
Client generates a request from application (most of the time application is web browser) and
server (system hosting website or other resources).
Client requests for the resources like HTML pages, multimedia files, etc.
Server generates dynamic response according to client’s request.
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9. HTTP
Path for resources is known as URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
Credits : Wikipedia
URL is divided in above parts.
By default port number for HTTP on server is port 80.
There is no need for a server to store information, state or time duration of request so HTTP
works as a stateless protocol.
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10. HTTP Methods
HTTP provides methods which help client to perform certain actions on data in server.
Following are the methods HTTP provides.
HTTP/1.0 Specification
 GET
 POST
 HEAD
HTTP/1.1 Specification
 PUT
 DELETE
 TRACE
 OPTIONS
 CONNECT
 PATCH
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11. HTTP
Some websites needs to store information regarding sessions hence they use server side
sessions over HTTP cookies.
HTTP sends message in plain text format which is not secured, to over come this disadvantage
HTTPS was developed.
HTTPS uses port 443 for communication.
HTTPS runs over TLS or SSL.
HTTPS encrypts the messages before sending.
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12. UPnP (Universal Plug and Play)
UPnP was develop to set network among systems like personal computer, TV, printer, mobile
devices, internet gateway, etc. to share data.
UPnP uses HTTP and runs over IP to provide connection.
UPnP is managed by OCF (Open Connectivity Foundation).
Device search requests are carried out using HTTP on top of UDP using multicast(HTTPMU),
response is send using UPD but using unicast(HTTPU)
As the name suggest once devices are plug in to a network they will establish communication
with other devices by themselves, there is no need for configuration.
Group vendors involve in creation of UPnP, hence almost out there supports UPnP.
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13. UPnP Features
Media independence
 UPnP runs on media which supports IP, e.g. Ethernet, FireWire, IR, RF, etc.
User Interface Control
 UPnP allows you to present devices using web browser.
OS and Programming Language independence
 UPnP is dependent on any OS or programming language, any OS and programming can be use to
develop UPnP device, most of them have UPnP libraries.
Extensibility
 In UPnP any product can have its own service layer on top of basic architecture.
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14. UPnP Demerits
Authentication
 UPnP doesn’t have any authentication system, it has to depend on other security services.
Access from internet
 Devices in UPnP can be accessed from out side the network, which makes more vulnerable.
IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol) snooping
 IGMP snooping is enabled on a switch, or more commonly a wireless router/switch, it will interfere with
UPnP devices if incorrectly or incompletely configured, making UPnP appear unreliable
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