A Brief Look At Rashid Rana

A Brief Look at Rashid Rana
Rashid Rana is a contemporary artist born in 1968 in Lahore, Pakistan. In 1992, he did his Bachelors
in Fine Arts from the National College of Arts in Lahore, Pakistan, and received his degree of
Masters of Fine Arts from the Massachusetts College of Art, Boston, Massachusetts, US in 1994.
Being one of the most influential artists in the country, his works have been displayed in many
exhibitions here in Pakistan and abroad. He has worked on many different projects including photo
mosaics and sculptures, photographic and video performances, collages using objects in the
environment, and works using stainless steel. Looking for a new motive each time, he has also
collaborated with billboard painters and has portrayed his ideas on canvas. The secret behind his
success is using different channels to represent the originality of his works using visual language.
Rana's focus of work nowadays are large scale images made up of small pictures, which are at times
in contradiction with each other, but sometimes also support the larger images. He is currently the
head of the Fine Arts Department and one of the founding faculty members of the School of Visual
Arts and Design (SVAD), Beaconhouse National University, Lahore. Rana's works may not seem so
comprehensive at first, but taking a closer look shows how detailed and subvert they are. He enabled
his work to be more attractive and understandable by making it easy for an observer to comprehend
by representing it with familiar
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Medicine and Health Care
RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON TOPIC "EFFECT OF ELECTRICITY LOAD SHEDDING ON
PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE CLINICS & SMALL HOSPITALS IN KARACHI" (AN
OBSTACLE IN PROVISION OF BASIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES) BY DR. AQUIL AHMED
KHAN MBA Batch: SA–003, CP–2008 Enrolment No. 09/2008/049 SUPERVISOR MR. RIAZ
HUSSAIN SOOMRO INSTITUTE OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT DOW UNIVERSITY OF
HEALTH SCIENCES KARACHI 1– Introduction 1.1– Background of study Electricity load
shedding is common in Karachi. It is often unexpected and most of the time scheduled activity. On
one hand it reflects the bad governance and socio–economic failure, on other hand it impacts on the
health care services. Its major impact is visible in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1.5– Limitations As health sector & electricity provision are entirely different and separate fields,
there is no sufficient attention & specific literature available considering load shedding and its
impact on provision of health care services in Karachi. Current law & order and political
environment may cause deficit in open communications and cooperative primary data collection. 2–
Literature Review The prolonged and frequent load shedding by the KESC has become a major
threat to trade and industrial activities of Karachi and urgent steps are required to cope with this
menace. The utility service providers power distribution and generation services have deteriorated,
sharply, nowadays and Karachi is being plunged into darkness after every one–hour interval (PPI,
2009). The Karachi Electric Supply Company (KESC) has been accused of increasing sufferings of
patients at different hospitals of Karachi by carrying out massive load shedding for several hours
despite arrival of summer season. PPI learnt on Wednesday that due to load–shedding, power
generators are run from morning to noon and are switched off afternoon, causing torments to the
patients (PPI, 2009), health centers and seminaries were facing serious problems due to prolonged
load shedding. Despite the tall claims by the authorities of WAPDA and KESC, Karachiites were
facing 12 to 14–hours daily

My Experience In My Life
Imagine being raised in a tempestuous, deserted, cramped, and uncomfortable environment and all
you ever thought about was a way out. I am Abdul Moiz Ahtesham and I was born and raised in
Karachi, Pakistan. Living in Karachi was a subpar experience and one that I don't want to go back
to. Although I made a lot of memories with my family, those memories are the only thing I'd ever
want back from that experience. All that has shaped me into the person that I am today. Moving
from Karachi with a family of six, a mother, a father, and three sisters to Houston, Texas in 2009
was difficult. After spending nine years of my life in Karachi, Pakistan what I saw and experienced
is something I never want to go back to again. The environment I grew up in wasn't well developed,
it was one where no one wanted to be. The neighborhood I lived in wasn't really affluent, people
there lived their life day by day. They went to work every day so they could provide for their
families and came back home just to do it again the next day. My father lived the same life, he
worked all day just to make sure we were getting food and other necessities. People in this
community were polite and kind to each other. Unfortunately, there were a lot of conflicts in this
country. The reasons behind these conflicts were the government and the terrorist attacks. The
government was corrupted, they didn't grant people their rights and they had a lot of money but
didn't do anything to improve the environment we were living in. Every time it rained the whole city
drowned in water, many people lost their homes and the government never did anything to prevent
it. The people began to kill each other because that's what they thought they needed to do in order to
survive. People began forming gangs to fight others that didn't agree with their opinion. Witnessing
people kill each other for survival was a dreadful and horrific experience that no kid should have to
undergo. The whole world saw this happening in Pakistan and it drew the attention of some terrorist
groups like ISIS and Taliban. They were looking for a place to settle and a place like Pakistan was
perfect for them because people there were killing each other and this was the main purpose of

What Is Climate Change?
INTRODUCTION
What is climate change? Climate change in its simplest form is usually described as the average
weather in a place from year to year. It consists of patterns related to temperature, precipitation,
humidity, wind and of course seasons. These patterns play a crucial role in the shaping of natural
ecosystems, the human health, the economy and its cultures because they depend on them. Our
climate has become so unpredictable due to its fluctuations in temperature. It is rapidly changing
with disruptive impacts, and that change is progressing faster than we've ever seen before. Though
changes vary from place to place entire communities are at risk because individuals are the ones that
have to deal with the aftermath of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Monsoon rains are basically heavy rains that accompany the seasonal wind shift of Asia that blows
from the southwest in summer. However, with temperature fluctuation the city also faces pollution
problems. High humidity in the region doesn't permit evaporation of water in some places, while
fumes from factories and automobiles contribute to the air pollution, despite the fact that there are
land and sea breezes.
CULTURE
The cultural and social activities in Karachi revolve around religion. The population is almost
entirely Muslim, but there is also a small group of Christian, Hindu, amongst other minorities. The
industry consists of textiles and footwear, which happen to be the leading manufactured items here
in Karachi, followed by items such as metal products, food and beverages, paper and printing, wood
and furniture, machinery, chemicals and petroleum, leather and rubber, and electrical goods. The
city is also the center of about two dozen insurance companies, which plays an important role in the
economic development of the country by investing large sums in power development, housing
programs, joint–stock companies, government loan securities, and savings certificates, they work
with more than twenty–five banks in Karachi all of which have branches throughout Pakistan.
LETHAL HEATWAVE STRUCK THIS YEAR (2015)
Through all their success there has also been a tremendous amount of chaos in the city of Karachi.
In June 2015 there were many

The University Of Business Administration
Students/Youth questioned are enrolled in various colleges and Universities across Karachi such as
IBA (Institute of Business Administration), IOBM (Institute of Business Management), SZABIST,
Habib University, KNS (ACCA institute) and Greenwich University. (PSO (Khalid A Khalil, ex–
chief Medical Officer), HMB( Syed Hussain, General HR Manager), OBS (Fehmeel Siddique, HR
Manager) SHELL (LalaRukh Hussain, Senior Legal Associate), HONDAATLAS( Talha Saad,
Senior Executive Officer), JAK Law Firm(Shahid Khan, Chief Consultant), and Integra Trading co
(Mohammad Uzair Jaswal). Youth sample comprised of eighty people both male and female of age
ranging from 19–29. Ten students were interviewed from each one of these: IBA (Institute of
Business Administration), Habib University, KNS (ACCA institute) and Greenwich University and
twenty from IOBM and SZABIST. The students questioned belonged to Karachi. The sample for
labour market organizations consisted of seven people, majority of them were lead
organizers/supervisors based in Karachi. Two sampling methods used in this research paper are
Snowball sampling and Convenience sampling. Convenience sampling was used for interviews from
youth belonging to the labour market of Karachi. However, interviews with organization's members
in Karachi's labour market were accompanied via snowball sampling. The themes to be explored in
this research paper are as follows:  Youth involvement in the labour market  Increased levels of
Youth

What Makes Celebrity Endorsement?
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
Endorsements have become universal and especially if we discuss about celebrity endorsement.
Marketers often scrap over celebrities for a chance to use their name. This need for standout actually
means that advertisers and marketers are finding new approaches and findings to maximize the
appeal of celebrities. Some does work, some fail, some are unproven. Regardless of whatever
approach, the endorsement has to be credible and authentic. And in an era when brands& products
are rapidly increasingly defined by a series of experiences over& over by time, what actually
consumer buying with a celebrity endorsement specifically sports celebrity endorsement? Is it the
lifestyle, a product or just the usual individual celebrity?
Celebrity endorsements can be more quickly clarified as any individual person with open
distinguishment who utilizes his/her distinguishment for any brand by showing up in a commercial
for it (McCracken, 1989). Television ads have a solid effect on the viewers as contrasted with print
promotions. Multinationals expose TV a more authentic source to draw in the psyche and hearts of
youth. These Audiovisual ads are extremely appealing as well as have a gigantic effect on their
every day schedules. Researches have demonstrated that a large portion of the youngsters use a high
rate of their time sitting in front of the TV particularly in watching sports channels. Sports
celebrities and superstars have created exceptionally

United Nations Conference On Trade And Development
A developed country is a state that has a highly cultivated economy and advanced technological
framework as compare to other under–developed nations. The extent of economic development can
be assessed by observing the GDP (Gross domestic product), GNP (Gross national product) and Per
Capita Income of a country. Few examples of developed countries are following: England, Italy,
Spain, Australia, Japan ecectra. Whereas, a developing country, also known as a less–developed
country, is a state that has GDP per Capita less than or equal to $11,905 dollars. It has low standard
of living, less developed economy and security for example, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Peru,
Zimbabwe ecectra.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2. JUSTIFICATION:
England is accounted as a developed nation on the grounds that the expectation for everyday life is
great, it has a liberal society and it is mechanically mindful. Contrasted with an underdeveloped
nation like Pakistan where the expectation for everyday life is low. Nourishment, electricity and
water are rare, and where a few laws could without much of stretch abuse fundamental human
rights.
COUNTRY SYMBOL INDEX LAST
ENGLAND FTSE FTSE 100 6750.76
PAKISTAN KSE KSE 100 31494.84
Karachi Stock Exchange was declared the 4th biggest Stock Market in Europe and Karachi Stock
Exchange was announced the best performing stock market in 2002 by Business week. Both
markets are also comparable because LSE is the biggest Stock Market of England, whereas KSE is
the biggest floating market in Pakistan.
The Latest Indices report as per 21st November 2014:
The following Indices report shows that even If Pakistan is a developing country and England is
already a developed country but Karachi Stock Exchange has done better than London Stock
Exchange.
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
C) BACKGROUND AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE STOCK EXCHANGES: Tell about
the trading securities and products?

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is the biggest Stock Market in England, whereas Karachi Stock
Exchange

Megacities Research Paper
Megacities are populated with Millions of residents; these overcrowded cities cause issues with
inadequate water supply, in many cities. Shanghai, China and Karachi, Pakistan experience scarce
water supply daily; some residents go days or weeks without water because of shortages,
contamination, and high prices. "Around 300 million people are suffering from water shortages
(Tao, Tao, and Kunlun Xin)." Deaths have arisen due to water contamination, killing thousands of
people yearly. Karachi water is being stolen and sold on a daily basis; making low income families
pay extremely high prices to get the essential water they need. Shanghai and Karachi demonstrate
the poor conditions megacities go through when a city is too big for its own good. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Protesters burn tires and throw stones requesting to have water once a week. An angry mob of young
man has set fire to trash cans and thrown bricks at cars that are passing. They are frustrated with the
lack of water that is given on a biweekly basis. "The pipelines leading to their neighborhoods have
run dry and the alternative water supply systems through water tankers carrying water from
government–sanctioned hydrants have been inoperative for some inexplicable reason (Kaleem,
Moosa, and Maqbool Ahmed)." No response is given to the protesters from Karachi Water and
Sewerage board. Residents are being forced to drink water from the ground that contains salt. The
city is expected to get worse as it rapidly grows, currently holding 18 million

What Is The Effect Of Blockbuster Media And Its Effect On...
Since the ancient eras, it had been observed that the phenomenon of communication had played an
important role in the change of human attitude, behavior and mindset. The sources of
communication had changed gradually in the form of books, newspaper, television, internet and
smart phone devices. Each of these sources of communication has their own effect, but among them
the audio visual, television and movies, source of communication has been proved an extremely
effective source of communication because its consumers are not required to pay much in order to
understand the message. As books, newspaper and internet require high qualification to understand
the message through them. It is necessary for a person to be educated in order to read the book and
newspaper and in some cases the consumer also requires educational qualification for decoding the
written message on internet except audio visual contents. But movies do not need any type of or
high qualification for decoding the message which are being conveyed through them. In society, all
classes of people can easily access and understand the messages being given in the movies.
Therefore, we had an idea that films put extremely efficient and effective on people in order to
chance their mindset, behavior and attitude including their lifestyle and language. Pakistani culture
cinema reborn due to Indian movies and people in a large number go to cinemas and watch them
with great interest. In order to study that how Indian

Open Skies Policies Essay
Open skies policy:
In the 1990 the government of Pakistan takes on an open skies aviation policy, and signed a memo
of considerate with a number of countries of the state and external. These work out were take on in
great speed without really considerate the insinuation of "open skies " PIA, which was at that time
mostly needy upon domestic and cultural passenger traffic, unexpectedly set up itself challenging
with carries at home. The result disorder led to more confusion in the minds of underfessional
bureaucrats, the narrow authority and of course the national carrier. All was looking shortsightedly
from side to side its own prism of attention, litter understanding the harmful shock of its events, or
inactions, on the condition of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pakistan has included air services contract with 91 countries. As per the new national aviation policy
of Pakistan, namely Lahore, Islamabad and Peshawar, effective January 01, 1990. The national air
line, Pakistan international Airline (PIA) now operates services to 45 cities in 36 countries across
four continents. Is also serves over 30 cities within the Pakistan.
Thee aviation liberalization policy has also opened up investment chance in the hardship of airports.
in general, the deregulation of air transport has resulted in unique increase of the sector, with
domestic passenger traffic increasing greatly. On the major means of transportation routes of air
transport, in exacting in Karachi– Islamabad and Karachi –Lahore, lower fares have give to the
break–in increased.
In recent year, the private airlines in Pakistan in Pakistan have flourished. Presently tree private
airlines namely Aero Asia, bhoja and shaheen air lines are operation on domestic and international
routes. New entrants are expected to enter the aviation market.
35 worldwide airlines operate to Pakistan and there has been a great increase on the cargo side,
where the government "open sky " rule for select cargo flights is creating increase in this sharpness.
In particular, with the opening of CIS stats, charter operations have aloes improved.
PIA cargo & speeded becomes the gold sponsor of logistics Pakistan, exhibition and conference:
PIA Cargo and speeded is the supporter of logistic in

Theme Of The Movie Maalik
After two decades the writer of the masterpiece Dhuwan, Ashir Azeem came back as a debut film
director and nailed it, both cinematically and systematically. As Dhuwan was a thriller based on a
team of law enforcement officials who would do anything to catch the criminals, so it became super
hit of that era and Ashir Azeem got fame as its writer and actor. Ashir Azeem returned after so many
years with a new bang, his movie, Maalik which made expectations very high of the audience.
Main Theme
Basically Maalik is about war, politics, corruption and most of all about patriotism and taking
ownership of one's country. It portrays our society from grass root strugglers to the highest levels of
wealth and power. It is soaked in reality as it shows ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While talking to a news channel, the film's director Aashir Azeem confirmed "yes, a ban was
imposed on the movie, however, now the media reports are saying that it has been removed".
Role of Government
After SBFC revoked ban on Maalik, the federal government banned Ashir Azeem's film Maalik
nationwide in a notification issued day after cancellation of SBFC's ban. The Sindh government
decided to ban the film Maalik and then revoked that notice all in the space of a few hours.
The Ministry of Information, Broadcasting, and National Heritage issued a notification declaring the
Urdu feature film "uncertified" according to Section 9 of the Motion Pictures Ordinance, 1979. The
culture ministry drafted a notification ordering a ban on the movie for being 'biased' and provoking
violence.
The government did not provide any explanation for banning the film in its notification. The
government gave no reason for its intervention, which is unusual as film regulation is normally
carried out by local censorship boards. However, before it was formally issued, the Sindh chief
minister intervened and asked the ministry not to issue it as it would be 'against the freedom of

Earth Is A 1998 Indian Period Drama Film Directed By Deepa...
Earth is a 1998 Indian period drama film directed by Deepa Mehta. The story is set in Lahore in the
time period directly before and during the partition of India in 1947. The film recounts the holocaust
of Partition through the eyes of Lenny, a crippled Parsi girl. Lenny 's parents live in Lahore with an
army of servants, including the delectable ayah, a beautiful Hindu woman, Shanta.
The movie starts with Lenny revisiting her childhood days as a student coloring her drawing, and
remembering the downfall of British Empire in India as she states something which indicates the
theme of story that it will portray for next 101 minutes and upon which the story will build around.
The words she stated accounts as– "Hindu, Muslim and Sikhs who had lived together as one entity
for centuries suddenly started to clamor for pieces of India for themselves. The arbitrary line of
division the British would draw to carve up India in August of 1947 would scar the subcontinent
forever." This dialogue clearly states that India was very near to getting its independence from the
British Rule and for the final time the nation might have to become a victim to British's much
famous "DIVIDE & RULE" policy which will blow the nation into partition forming 2 separate
countries– INDIA & PAKISTAN and in the dialogue she clearly predicts the ill effects people will
have to face at the time of partition as she says that it would scar the subcontinent forever. Such a
line of difference would be created

Critique Of Na Maloom Afrad
The past couple of years have been revolutionary for Pakistani cinema, movies with good
production values and strong storylines have made it to the cinema houses. One of these films is Na
Maloom Afrad which not only puts forward a well conceptualised plot but also explores the nearly
dead genre of comedy in Pakistani cinema. The plot of Na Maloom Afrad revolves around three
men, Shakeel Bhai( Javed Sheikh), Moon(Mohsin Abbas Haider) and Farhan(Fahad Mustafa), who
under economic pressures turn to a drug smuggler Gogi Bhai(Salman Shahid) for a loan which then
leads them into trouble. While Shakeel Bhai has a wife at home played by Amber Wajid, the two
youngsters Farhan and Moon find their leading ladies in Urwa Hocane who plays Naina ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This projection of women very cleverly puts forward the role of a quintessential Pakistani
woman.For example the scene where Naina meets the man who wants to marry her, shows how the
only thing that is on Pakistani parents mind is marriage when it's about a daughter's future and then
the scene where Gogi Bhai decides to physically abuse Billi as she fails to answer his question
adequately, serves the stereotype of Pakistani women. Directed by Nabeel Qureshi, this movie very
well depicts the Pakistani mindset in the recent age and time. From the representation of women to
blaming external forces("Goron ka bank hai, jala do.") for what we have been doing wrong and then
finally to giving viewership to senseless media institutions( Shoving mics up people's faces after an
incident), he portrays it all. The complex Pakistanis have regarding the western culture has also been
shown clearly with Naina wanting to go to 'Amreeka' and Shakeel Bhai changing into a suit before
going to the bank, leaving his shalwar kameez home. The movie has also been kept very realistic by
using locations that actually go through the trouble 'Na Maloom Afrad' create. Apart from the
locations

Pakistan Is The Most Misunderstood Country
A country has been ranked second in the list of most negatively rated countries in the world by a
global poll for BBC World Service, which surveyed 24,090 people around the world in 2012. And
that country is 'Pakistan–Land of Pure'.
The area of Pakistan is 880,940 square km (340,133 square miles). It is divided into 4 provinces;
Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan along with federally administered areas.
The country shares borders with Afghanistan to the northwest, China to the north, India to the south
and east, and Iran to the west. The border with India is subject to dispute, with both nations claiming
the mountain regions of Kashmir and Jammu.
Pakistan is the most misunderstood country in the world and the phenomenon of terrorism and
religious extremism, arguably, is a leading factor in distorting its image on the global level. Pakistan
as a front line state in the war on terror has suffered the most in men and material, has helped in
dismantling the terrorist network of Osama bin Laden but regrettably our allies and western
countries look suspiciously at our endeavors, doubt our commitment to the cause at hand and
decidedly remain oblivious to our national and strategic interests in the region.
Pakistan is suffering from an acute image problem. No one disagrees not even I. Look at the reports
of terrorism emanating from our soil, splashed all across the global media; Pakistani passport being
reduced to a document that raises eyebrows at airports rather

United Nations Conference On Trade And Development
1. Introduction
A developed country is a state that has a highly cultivated economy and advanced technological
framework as compare to other under–developed nations. The extent of economic development can
be assessed by observing the GDP (Gross domestic product), GNP (Gross national product) and Per
Capita Income of a country. Few examples of developed countries are include England, Italy, Spain,
Australia, Japan. Simultaneously, a developing country, also known as a less–developed country, is a
state that has GDP per Capita less than or equal to $11,905 dollars. It has low standard of living, less
developed economy and security. For example, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Peru, Zimbabwe.
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) calls attention to that
slightest created of the creating nations are ' 'esteemed profoundly distraught in their advancement
process– a considerable lot of them for topographical reasons– and (confront) more than different
nations the danger of neglecting to leave neediness.
COUNTRY STOCK EXCHANGE OWNER DATE MARKET CAPITALIZATION
ENGLAND LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP 21st Nov
2014 $11.43 Billion
PAKISTAN KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE GROUP 21st
April 2014 $70.0 Billion
There is a long list of developed countries just as developing countries, but we will focus on
England, Pakistan and their respective Stock Exchanges. The sole purpose of the report is to
compare and contrast the stock

Case Study Of Bahria Town
ORGANIZATIONS WITH THE HYBRID FACES: A KILLER TO TRADITIONAL MARKETING
PRACTICES
A case study of Bahria Town
1 INTRODUCTION
Oliver Williamson (1991) has introduced the concept of a "hybrid form" in transaction cost
economics. A hybrid form can be defined as "a set of organizations such that coordination between
those organizations takes place by means of the price mechanism and various other coordination
mechanisms simultaneously". (Oliver Williamson).
According to Andresen and Kotler, the marketing of nonprofit organizations concerns efforts to
influence the behavior of target audiences. The target audiences are for example consumers,
volunteers and donors. The desired change of behavior is a product of an exchange between a
member of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are transforming the marketing techniques. Organizations are using their hybrid face for the
marketing purpose. But the question is: either hybrid face of the organization is socially acceptable
or not? And it is a threat for traditional marketing? We will prove it with the case study of Bahria
Town.
2 Background:
Our case study is about Bahria town. They are using their social work like Bahria Dastarkhawans,
Colonies for flood and earthquake victims and many more general social works for their
advertisements. We can watch their ads related to social work but not for the sale of their houses.
People know them by their good work for society. Here we will discuss their background of the
Owner of Bahria Town and Bahria Town's case study, their history to their techniques using for
promotion.
2.1 Background of Malik Riaz:
Malik Riaz Hussain was born 61 years ago in Sialkot to a lower–middle class family. He never
completed his education. He started his first project of Bahria town in Lahore. The second was in
Islamabad and now he is doing his project in Karachi. He is also doing social projects for the sake of
society. These projects are Bahria Dastarkhawan, Hospital for deaf children and Bahria Colony for
earthquake victims, helping hand for Edi, announcement of Fund for IDP's, relief campus for flood
victims and many more other projects. Recently in November 2014 he has announced to launch two
universities for people of

Earth Is A 1998 Indian Period Drama Film Directed By Deepa...
EARTH
Earth is a 1998 Indian period drama film directed by Deepa Mehta. The story is set in Lahore in the
time period directly before and during the partition of India in 1947. The film recounts the holocaust
of Partition through the eyes of Lenny, a crippled Parsi girl. Lenny 's parents live in Lahore with an
army of servants, including the delectable ayah, a beautiful Hindu woman, Shanta.
The movie starts with Lenny revisiting her childhood days as a student coloring her drawing, and
remembering the downfall of British Empire in India as she states something which indicates the
theme of story that it will portray for next 101 minutes and upon which the story will build around.
The words she stated accounts as– "Hindu, Muslim and Sikhs who had lived together as one entity
for centuries suddenly started to clamor for pieces of India for themselves. The arbitrary line of
division the British would draw to carve up India in August of 1947 would scar the subcontinent
forever." This dialogue clearly states that India was very near to getting its independence from the
British Rule and for the final time the nation might have to become a victim to British's much
famous "DIVIDE & RULE" policy which will blow the nation into partition forming 2 separate
countries– INDIA & PAKISTAN and in the dialogue she clearly predicts the ill effects people will
have to face at the time of partition as she says that it would scar the subcontinent forever. Such a
line of difference would be

Annotated Bibliography Format
Book citation.
Style notes that mostly used with every author.
Book titles are italicized.
Capitalization – capitalize only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if any, and any proper
nouns.
One author:
Author. (Year of publication). Title of book (Edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
For example :
Kishore, K. (2015). C#, C and JAVA PROGRAMMING. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford University
Press.
Lal, C. (2004). Energy Resources (1st Ed.). Hyderabad, Pakistan: Mehran University Press.
Two authors
Author, A., & Author, B. (Year of publication). Title of book (Edition). Place of publication:
Publisher.
Example:
Parkash , S., & Mukesh , K. (2010). The Internet in everyday life. Karachi, Pakistan: Oxford
University Press.
For example ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1975). Rite of spring [Score]. London, England: Hansen House.
If the score is part of a collection or anthology:
Whitfield, N., & Strong, B. (1966). I heard it through the grapevine [Score]. In Motown anthology
(pp.98–104). Milkwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard.
If there is an editor:
Porter, C. (1953). It's all right with me [Score]. In W. L. Simon (Ed.), Treasury of great show tunes
(pp.104–110). Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest.
Style notes
Examples of medium: score, choral score, miniature score, orchestral score, libretto, song lyrics, etc
Are often correct details for referencing items can be found on the Library catalogue record
Thesis
Unpublished thesis:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title (Unpublished doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis). Institution issuing
degree, City, Country.
For a thesis that are available through a database service, such as ProQuest Dissertations and Theses
database, give the name of the database and the accession or order numbers in the reference:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title (Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis). Retrieved from Name of

Database. (Accession or Order No.)
Thesis from an institutional database:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title (Doctoral dissertation/Master's thesis). Retrieved from web

The Plant Samples Collection : A Healthy, Fresh And...
1.1 Plant Samples Collection:
Healthy, fresh and disease free Mint (Mentha), and Coriander (Coriander sativum) were purchased
in the month of November 2014, from the Karachi local market Gulistan–e–Johar, Karachi,
Pakistan. The plants samples were deposited and identified by Herbarium Department of Karachi
University.
1.2 Plant Processing:
Plants samples were washed with tap water for three to four times and removed all dust and soil
particles, and finally washed with distilled water. Then leaves of both plants (Coriander & Mint)
were plug off and was cut with clean knife and made their small pieces and kept them in tray dryer
in open environment for dryness. Both the samples were dried completely after seven days then their
homogenized fine powder were obtained (60–80 mesh), by using a commercial electric grinder. The
powdered material was stored in air tight sterilized bottles in refrigerator at 4°C for further use.
1.3 Test Microorganisms:
Four different bacterial strain were used as indicator microorganisms for testing antibacterial
activities were following: Two Gram–Positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aurus ATCC 25923
& Staphylococcus ATCC25923) and two Gram–Negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli
ATCC25922 & Salmonella enteritidis ATCC14028). All were American Type Culture Collection.
These strains were provided by the Food Microbiology laboratory University of Karachi and
commercial laboratory (Food Microbiology) SGS, Karachi. Stock cultures were

Case Study Of Al Karam
INTRODUCTION:
Al Karam group of companies came in to existence in 1990s when it started trade in grains and oil
in subcontinent. Based in Karachi this Group has unfolded its vision of growth and established its
multi–faceted concerns country wide and abroad. The group capitalized opportunities in following
industries
1) Textiles
2) Foods and Beverages
3) Salt Mining
4) Hospitality
5) Trading and Distribution
Al Karam Group of Companies Comprises of
1) Al Karam Textile Mills Pvt. Ltd:
Al karam Textile mill is a household name when it comes to fashion fabrics. It creates everything
from Shower to apparel for men and women.
2) Amna Industry:
A completely integrated spinning and finishing mill specialized in Knitted Fabrics.
3) PSL Caps:
Specialized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Head Office Located at Karachi. 2 Regional Offices are Located at Islamabad and Lahore.
The Company's Head Office is located at. 2nd Floor K.D.L.B Building,58 West wharf Road,
Karachi. Pakistan. 74000.
Tel +9221–32313180–3
Apart from these Offices AK MARKETING comprises of 47 Different stores functioning as outlet
for these brands.
Total Number of Employees Working at AK MARKETING :
1) HEAD OFFICE Workers include 52 Employees working at different Positions.
2) 20 people work as an employee at the Regional office at both the locations.
3) As for the Store staff, 438 people are currently employed as store Staff.
ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND HIERARCHY:
AK Marketing follows a line authority. Its Organization structure is basically a functional structure
comprising of different departments functioning individually and coordinating to achieve
organizational objectives.
The Hierarchy of the Organization is somewhat like this
Chief Executive Officer is reported by the General Manager.
General Manager is reported by the Functional Managers.

Functional managers are reported by the Executives.
The executives are reported by workers and representatives
Graphically the Hierarchy table of A.K MARKETING would be displayed like.
HUMAN RESOURCE

The Position of Women in Pakistan
"What steps should be taken to improve the role of minorities' women in Pakistan's economy"
"No nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you. We are
victims of evil customs. It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four
walls of the houses as prisoners. There is no sanction anywhere for the deplorable condition in
which our women have to live."
― Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Introduction:
The appearance of women in country's evolution and pace of their growth is simply cannot be
neglected but the truth remains that their stature is not being positively bestowed in Pakistan until
now.
As we know, that Pakistan is an underprivileged country and still contending for economic
immobility, safety, education and health commitments for its people. There are endless problems of
exploitation and unfairness in almost every face of life. Unluckily, its judgement for graft is seventh
in the world. Women are one of the most defenseless groups that we directly cannot discount
The important aspects that supremacy women of Pakistan towards prostrate dignity, there are many
perception and details that provide a means to it. For instance:
 They dint bear equal stature at birth; baby boys are consistently desired and greeted into a
moderate family of Pakistan.
 Girls are not considered as dynamic and self–assured human beings who can earn a creditable
earning and can live in regard to their own best.
 In educating

A Brief Note On The City Of Pakistan Essay
Climate change affects different cities in different ways, whether it be a slight change in
temperature, or an extreme natural disaster, it still tends to have an impact on the society as a whole
because of all the changes and adjustments that have to be made.
Karachi is the capital of the province of Sindh, as well as the largest and most populous
metropolitan city of Pakistan. Pakistan consists of a population of roughly 199,085,847 million as of
October 15, 2015, according to the United States Census Bureau. Over the past few years there has
also been an increase in its population, it seems to be growing at a rate of 1.49% as of 2014. The
population of Karachi is not exact, however according to the world population review, there was an
estimated population of 23.7 million in 2014, the population size as of this year is yet to be
determined.
Karachi is the largest city in Pakistan located on the southeastern part of the country. It covers an
area of about 3,527 km squared and it is mostly comprised of flat or rolling plains on the western
and northern boundaries of the urban sprawl. Karachi also has a harbor situated on the south–west
part of the city which is primarily used for Pakistan's international trade.
The weather tends to be pleasant for the greater part of the year. May and June are the hottest
months, when the average maximum temperature is about 93 °F. The coolest months are January
and February, when the average minimum temperature remains at about 56 °F.

Quaid E Azam
Hamzah Ahmad Jan 12 B Sir Giscard El khowry Feb–22–2009 Final Draft Quaid–e–Azam
Muhammad Ali Jinnah My Topic is about any Leader, so In this world there are many leaders. We
know most of them, but my essay is about "Quaid–e–Azam". He was a Great politician and
statesman of 20th century. He was generally known as the father of state of Pakistan. He was the
leader of The Muslim League and served as the first Governor General of Pakistan. Quaid–e–Azam
was his official names.His real name is Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Quaid–e–Azam ("The Great
Leader") and Baba–e–Qaum("Father of the Nation") was the name given by the public of Pakistan.
Quaid–e–Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jinnah became a member on the sixty–member Imperial Legislative Council. Four years later he
was elected one of the sixty–member Imperial Legislative Council, then he was appointed to the
Sandhurst committee, which helped to establish the Indian Military Academy at Dehra Dun. During
World War I, Jinnah joined other Indian moderates in supporting the British war effort, hoping that
Indians would be rewarded with political freedoms. He admired the British political system to raise
the status of India in the international community and to develop a sense of Indian nationhood
among the peoples of India. At that time, he still looked upon Muslim interests in the context of
Indian nationalism. But, by the beginning of the 20th century, the belief had been growing among
the Muslims that their interests demanded the preservation of their separate identity rather than live
mixed with in the Indian nation, it is impossible for Muslims to be with Hindus. All–India Muslim
League was founded in 1906. But Jinnah was initially avoiding to join it because it was too Muslim
oriented. Eventually, he joined the league in 1913 and he became its chief organizer in 1916 at
Bombay and was elected president of the Bombay branch. "Ambassador of Hindu–Muslim unity,"
Jinnah, tried seriously to bring about the political union of Hindus and Muslims. It gave him the title
of "the best ambassador of Hindu–Muslim unity". It was largely through his efforts that the
Congress and

The Collective Memory In Cracking India And The...
Memory of a singular event can differ amongst individuals, even those in the same neighborhood or
family. Each individual brings a collective of different experiences, mindsets, identities, etc. to the
table and therefore, perceives events differently. Although a seemingly simple concept, there is a
distinctness of individual memory that does not coincide with the collective memory of a
community. In terms of historical events, a nation's communal memory is not solely rooted in 'fact'
but also in the oral histories of those individuals who lived through the event. There is no one
history. Consequently, there is a discourse between the collective memory of the community and the
individual memory. India's 1947 partition reveals that there are many different histories to the
independence of India and the subsequent creation of Pakistan. By utilizing the text Cracking India,
author Bapsi Sidhwa examines the disparities between the two types of memories in order to
reconcile the past with contemporary India/Pakistan.
India and Pakistan are built from the same foundational nation of India before Partition; thus, their
histories are irrevocably bound together despite their contemporary violence and distrust towards
each other. India was once colonized by the British for three centuries, known as the "jewel in the
British crown" for its wealth in resources and spices. Regarding India's independence from the
British Empire in 1947, a bitter victory emerged as the Partition of India

Family Feud in Anita Desai´s Clear Light of Day
Until a child is eighteen years old, the parents have full responsibility. They provide a stable and
loving environment for their children. As the leaders in a household, caring and loving parents also
maintain the bonds that hold the family together. However, absence of loving parental guidance can
create tension between family members. Anita Desai's Clear Light of Day shows how war,
specifically the partition of India, affects a particular family. The partition of Indian in 1947 created
the separate countries of India and Pakistan, consequently ripping families apart. The partition,
initiated by India's independence from Britain, attempted to accommodate irreconcilable religious
differences between Muslims and Hindus by forming the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
While Clear Light of Day never specifies if Raja converts to Islam, because of his interest in the
Islamic arts and his formation of a new family, Raja represents Muslims breaking apart from India
to form Pakistan.
Like Raja, Tara leaves the family, but she exemplifies the expatriates who flee India to avoid conflict
by taking up new lives in other countries. Tara believes the house she has grown up in is full of
"illness passing from one generation to the other so that anyone who live[s] in it [is] bound to
become ill and the only thing to do [is] to get away, escape" (156). The conflict in the Das house,
caused by the parents' negligence and Raja's departure, spreads like a contagious disease and Tara
knows she has to leave. Marriage provides the escape for Tara, who becomes "taken up with her
husband, her new home, and her new life" (174). She emigrates from India and travels around the
world with her diplomatic husband. She later realizes that she "must have used [her husband] as an
instrument of escape. The completest escape [she] could have made – right out of the country"
(157). Through marriage, Tara is able to create a new life for herself. Like Tara, approximately "15
million people fled their homes" (Hartnack 244) to escape the violence of the partition. By trying to
escape the conflict in her family, Tara symbolizes the expatriates.
As Tara flees India, she leaves her sister Bim behind to take care of their mentally disabled

Thesis Statement For Prison
UNIVERSITY OF KARACHI KARACHI UNIVERSITY BUSINESS SCHOOL Subject: Business
English II (322) Submitted by: Beenish Mazhar D/o. M. Mazhar Ali Submitted to: Ms. Aliya
Farooqui Date of Submission: 20th November 2014 Q.1 Define thesis statement and anecdote in
your own words. a) THESIS STATEMENT: Road map of an essay or any piece of writing. Dual
dimensional i.e. Explanation of the topic. helps both readers and Part of an introductory para.
writers. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ABSENCE MAKES THE HEART GROW FONDER: THESIS STATEMENT: Absence of a person
let us recall those moments we spent together which make us realize how much we love or how
much we are attached to that person because we start to feel the lack of something we can't have, get
worried for him/her and always wish everything to be alright. These sorts of feelings altogether
enhance the love and care in our heart for that person. TRAVELLING–A PASSION OR
COMPULSION: THESIS STATEMENT: Travelling is a passion for those who love to encounter
new places, enjoy interaction with people of different cultures, like to experience food of various
places and love to shop there without any particular reason but it seems to be a compulsion for those
who are a bit introvert, feel more uncomfortable if they got stuck up somewhere in traffic, prefer
staying at one place instead of travelling new and only travel for some serious or particular

Sadequain Biography
Sadequain is one of the personalities of Pakistan who received critical acclaim for his work not only
as an artist but also as a poet. His contributions to the field of art and literature in the form of
paintings, murals, drawings, calligraphies, collections of quatrains etc. are highly valued. He was
part of the Progressive Writers and Artists Movement. He was a legendary artist and he painted
approximately 15,000 pieces of artworks. What was written about him in some very prestigious
newspapers and magazines; clearly reflect the importance and value of Sadequain's work. The
newspaper Le Monde of Paris, France commented in its April 1964 edition: "The multiplicity of
Sadequain's gifts is reminiscent of Picasso." Sadequain was awarded several prestigious titles like
'Tamgha–e–Imtiaz' in 1960 and "President's Medal for Pride of Performance" in 1962. He was one
of the greatest artists of Pakistan and his work, awards and titles are a clear depiction of that.
Introduction ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was not content with simply painting images; rather, he utilized his artistic abilities as way of
expressing his realistic approach and imparted messages to the mankind through use of strong and
creative symbols. (About Library and Essays | sadequainfoundation) Sadequain's paintings were
dominated by distinct and powerful idioms which reflected his school of thought. For instance; he
analyzed the cactus plant as a symbol of triumph of life over environment. His analysis focused on
how the plant survives in harsh conditions and how it points upwards even in hostile circumstances.
For Sadequain cactus symbolized survival against all odds. Cactus is just one example of the unique
interpretations Sadequain showcased in his work. Other dominant themes include; Sun Series,
Cobweb Series, House of Cards Series, Crow and Scarecrow series etc. (About Paintings |

Pakistan International Airlines Case Study
Abstract:
Pakistan International Airlines is in competition with not only international airlines but also with
domestic airlines on the various routes to the Middle East and the Gulf. Due to fierce competition
and rising oil prices, international aviation industry regulations and some internal factors such as
human resource issues of over recruitment, de–motivated employees, mismanagement of resources
both in case of manpower and other resources, aged fleet, corruption and lack of accountability PIA
is facing a deep financial crisis. It is losing its market share both in international market and
domestic circuit. The present research is done to know about the current situation of PIA and the
factors underlying the poor performance of the organization. Nepotism, lack of management, poor
service provisions are some of the factors identified through this piece ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The airline was founded on 23 October 1946 as Orient Airways The airline was nationalized on 10
January 1955 and was renamed Pakistan International Airlines. It is Pakistan's largest airline with a
fleet of more than 30 aircraft of its own, as well as several aircraft wet–leased from other airlines. As
of 2016, PIA is going through a procedure of privatization to shift management from government to
the private sector
In recent years, PIA revenue and source of income has been dropping significantly.
The revenue of PIA witnessed a decrease of Rs. 69.24 billion PKR (Third Quarter Report 2015) and
a decrease of Rs. 20.55 billion PKR in the net income (Third Quarter Report 2015)
The project identifies the factors contributing towards the decline of PIA, with the help of various
research articles and secondary data available for PIA.
Research Questions:
 Are there any factors which are contributing towards the declining performance of PIA?
 What are the factors that form the failure of PIA?
Case

An Introduction To Brand Image Problems Faced By An Air...
An analysis of brand image problems faced by an air transport service providing company in
Pakistan
Written by: Faiza Parveen and Tahira Sultana
Abstract
This paper is written in order to provide a strategic review of the position of brand image of an
airline firm providing services in Pakistan (for confidentiality purposes the name of the company is
not disclosed). This paper studies the national and international airline market and internal and
external environment of the firm and discusses the problems and reasons of the bad brand image of
the selected air transport providing company in the minds of the customers. The findings reveal that
if the company can improve it's services, update it's fleet, use it's resources efficiently and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Selected airline performed very well in the past and it was very profitable in the start but it is facing
financial losses since the past few years because of its bad brand image. And its bad brand image is
a result of Breakdowns, flight delays and other route problems. Whereas one of the main reasons of
these problems is that government has changed its chairman and MD's and still recruiting employees
of its own interest.
Selected airline has 43 aircrafts in its fleet; details are given in table below Types of aircraft In
service
Airbus A310–300 12
ATR 42–500 7
Boeing 737–300 7
Boeing747–200 2
Boeing 747–367 6
Boeing 777–240ER 4
Boeing 777–240LR 2
Boeing 777–340ER 3
Total 43
Situation analysis – environmental scanning
For the purpose of knowing about organization 's capabilities, customers, and business environment,
situation analysis is done. Situation analysis is very important for any firm to make a good strategy
for its firm. There are two types of analysis; external and internal. And in external analysis there are
further two categories which are: macro and micro analysis.
External analysis
In external analysis we do two types of environmental analysis, micro environment analysis and

macro environment analysis. For the purpose of doing micro external environment analysis we
choose to do PEST analysis.
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Figure 1 Situation Analysis
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Macro

The Central Bank: The Ripple Effect On The Stock Market
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Overview:
In this chapter, the introduction is given of my topic. Furthermore, the significance and the objective
of the study are present to let know how important this topic is. The other important contents in this
chapter are a brief overview of organizational context and a brief overview of methodology.
As cited in Mohammad Mahmudul Alam, Ologunde, Elumilade, and Asaolu (2006) mentioned that a
country will prosper in long run, only if its stock market in a better financial position.
Interest rate is considered as one of the main parameters to control the economic conditions of any
country. Interest rate is the key variable for time value of money, which causes a greater shift in
money markets and capital markets. This study is basically carried out for the capital market or
stock market. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Central Bank increases the lending rate and it is difficult for commercial banks to borrow
money from the Central Bank. So, the commercial banks increase the rate of money lending to their
customers. This change affects the customers by an increase in the loan amount and also credit card
interest. Ultimately, less disposable income is left with the customers to spend off or invest in the
businesses, affecting the businesses' revenues and profits. The increased interest rate can also cause
effect by causing the firm to bankrupt and the linking banks and financial institutions will restrain to
give any further loan and their capital will also be stuck

Thesis Statement In Azadi
The target readership, market potential and why this book will appeal.
The objective readership of my novel will comprise youth with a flair for novelty and curiosity, to
know more about this maligned society and relationship between the old and the young. This novel
will go a long way among those people, who wants to understand the havoc caused by the partition
of India in 1947. The characters of the book will depict their relationship and the plight they
suffered from the hands of their own. In a way the contents are the ugly truth of the society, impact
of the commercial world and the perverted nature of the characters.
The market potentiality of any book no doubt depends to a great extent by the contents it holds, but
the publisher has additionally very important role to play as regards promotion, sales, advertisement
is concerned. The novel should get ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As far as anyone is concerned, there is no novel of such contents in the market, however certainly
books on partition are accessible in the market in plenty. One such novel 'Azadi' by Shri Chaman
Nahal, published perhaps by Penguin Books was read by me around five years back. 'Azadi' purely
dealt with a family and the catastrophe they faced at the time of partition, but nothing about the
aftermath.
This novel likewise encompasses its character from erstwhile Pakistan, with a short portrayal about
the condition in Lahore and Pakistan at the time of partition and the circumstances which
constrained my characters to escape muslim dominated Pakistan.
My book doesn't in any capacity contrasts with those titles, the story and the concluding part. It is a
tale of a woman born out of the union of partition refugees, her marriage without getting her
blessing and her loathsome activities, mind blowing, perverted strategies towards her spouse and her
exceedingly undesirable sexual

Essay on Visit to a Hospital
Civil Hospital Karachi is a 1900–bed tertiary care public hospital that imparts both undergraduate
and postgraduate teaching and training. It is one of the teaching hospitals affiliated with the Dow
Medical College[1] now the Dow University of Health Sciences. Civil Hospital Karachi is arguably
the largest teaching hospital of Pakistan, catering not only to all areas of the province of Sindh but
also the neighboring province of Balochistan as well.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Historical Background
The Civil Hospital Karachi was founded in 1898 in the wake of a third pandemic of Bubonic Plague
on the one hand, and the platinum jubilee of Queen Victoria on the other. The pandemic would kill
at least an estimated 10 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Over the years a few other administrators such as Prof Mahmud Ali Shah and Prof S H Rahimtoola
were assigned both the positions of Principal Dow Medical College and Medical Superintendent
Civil Hospital Karachi in an effort to better coordinate the functions on the campus. However after
the upgradation of the Dow Medical College into the Dow University of Health Sciences a few
years ago, there is a clear cut demarcation between the hospital's academic and administrative
responsibilities. Prof M Saeed Quraishy is the current Medical Superintendent of Civil Hospital
Karachi.
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
[edit]Services
Initially established in 1898 with 250 beds to provide basic health facilities, the hospital has
expanded considerably and has been totally transformed over the years. Its 1900 beds are located in
34 department, with over a dozen major operation theaters and a huge out patient attendance.
Greater stress is being laid on public–private partnerships and preventive work notably in the
Paediatrics department to avert unnecessary infant and child deaths due to pneumonia, malnutrition,
diarrhea or vaccine–preventable illnesses. Measures are also in place to prevent and control major
communicable diseases such as Tuberculosis, Malaria, viral

A Report On The City Of Pakistan
After gazing on Mughal monuments and feeling the beat of pounding drums at Sufi shrines in
Lahore, many travelers choose to head south to Pakistan 's financial capital, Karahi for some fun in
the sun, upscale nightclubs, and modern skyscrapers. From rambling through the ramparts of Old
Lahore to an all night beach rave in Karachi, you might be in for a culture shock, but here 's how to
get there. Train The cheapest option is the train. The Fareed Express #38DN leaves Lahore every
morning at 10:00am and arrives in Karachi at 12:35pm the next day. That means your train journey
will be at least 26 1/2 hours if the train is running on time. Trains in Pakistan are not known to be
exceptionally punctual or safe. There are 5 possible classes for this train, including the full berth AC
class for 1810 rupees ($23), the full berth EC (Economy) for 790 rupees ($10), a full seat in
economy for 710 rupees ($8.90), a half–berth for 480 rupees ($6) and a half seat for 400 rupees ($5).
Sitting on half of a seat for 26 hours is certainly not the most comfortable way to travel to Karachi,
but it is the cheapest. To see fares, timetables, and addresses of booking agents, you can check out
Pakistan Railways online. Tickets are usually booked through a travel agent in order to avoid the
inevitable chaos on the station. Bus A safer, more comfortable, and faster option is to the take the
bus. There are many different bus companies that ply the route from Lahore to Karachi, but Daewoo
is by

Impact of Employee Turnover on Sustainable Growth of...
Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences Volume 2, No. 2.4 Quarter IV 2011 ISSN 2229 – 5313 Impact
of Employee Turnover on Sustainable Growth of Organization in Computer Graphics Sector of
Karachi, Pakistan Fahad Abdali Director, South Asian Resources Group, Karachi – Pakistan
Abstract The overall purpose of this study was to find out the effect of employee turnover on
sustainable growth of organization in computer graphics sector of Karachi, Pakistan. This study
specifically finds out the main causes and ground realities of the problem of employee turnover on
sustainable growth of organization. The study could be of help in reviewing the relevant policies of
similar organizations with regard to their human resources. Keywords: ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Without the organization or business incurring any loss of performance, employees can generally be
replaced. On the other hand skilled and educated positions may create a risk to the organization
while leaving. Therefore turnover for skilled and educated professionals incur replacement costs as
well as competitive disadvantage of the business. THEORIES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER
During the past several years, researchers have committed extra ordinary efforts in finding the fact
regarding the reasons why employees leave their job. The total 12 theories of employee turnover are
as follows: a) March and Simon: Theory of Organization Equilibrium (1958) b) Porter and Steers:
Met Expectation Model (1973) c) Mobley: Turnover Process Model (1977) d) Hom and Griffeth:
Revised Intermediate – Process Model (1984) e) Price: Structural Model (1977) f) Mobley, Griffeth,
Hand and Meglino: Expanded Model (1979) 3 Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences Volume 2,
No. 2.4 Quarter IV 2011 ISSN 2229 – 5313 g) Muchinsky and Morrow: Multidisciplinary Model
(1980) h) Ferrell and Rusbult: Investment Model (1981) i) Steers and Mowday: Multi – Route
Model (1981) J) Sheridan and Abelson: Cusp Catastrophe Model (1983) k) Hulin, Roznowski and
Hachiya: Labor Economic Model (1985) l) Lee and Mitchell: Unfolding Model (1994) MAJOR
CAUSES OF EMPLOYEE TURNOVER The employee turnover may be caused by: 1)
Demographic and Personal Characteristics of an employee The demographic

The Roles Of Taj Sultana In The Pakistan Independence...
Taj Sultana is one of the most important person and has done a lot in the Pakistan Movement 1947.
She is one of the female heroic figures of Pakistan who had an important role in the Pakistan
movement in 1947. She worked with Mouhtarma Ms Fatima Jinnah (Quaid–e–Azam's sister who
was founder of Pakistan) for an independent Muslim state. Taj Sultana was a companion of top
women activists of 1947 Pakistan Independence Movement.
"Taj Sultana and Begum Salma Tassaduq Hussain both met each other when they were travelling
from Ambala to Lahore. At that time both told one another about their work for All India Muslim
League. At that moment of time, both of them became good friends and decided to work together for
All India Muslim League with one more woman named ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When an independent Muslim country was announced, there was a lot of savage killing of the
Muslim men at that time and all the Muslim women who were kidnapped or held captive were
sexually abused because of which most of the Muslim women got pregnant. After this, all the
Muslim women denied to go with the team of Women Muslim League Worker of which Taj Sultana
was a major part of. The Muslim women believed that they would not be accepted in Pakistan
because of what happened to them and also as of what happened to their husbands and family
members. But still Taj Sultana and her team of women workers of All India Muslim league helped
them by making use of local police and moved in a procession before and after the independence
and rescued more than 5000 seized Muslim women from Hindu's and Sikh's in entire state of India.
Women of All India Muslim League used to arrange some events like "Dohlki" to solace with the
rescued Muslim women. Taj Sultana and her team used to wear a uniform "overall" given to them by
Beghum Fatima which identified them as workers of All India Muslim

Frim Specific Return Prediction
5.2.4. FIRM–SPECIFIC RETURN PREDICTION
5.2.4.1. Data Source
For the firm specific return prediction, a firm level monthly share prices, turnover and paid–up value
data on KSE over eleven year period – January 2002 through December 2012 is collected from the
websites of "Business Recorder and Karachi Stock Exchange" that are authentic sources of
information. The data consists of monthly share prices of a large sample of 300 firms of 132 months.
For risk free rate of return interest rate on 6–month Treasury bond is used. Accounting data has been
collected from various bulletins of "balance sheet analysis" published by State Bank of Pakistan
(SBP) Data set on "close prices" does not contain information on dividends. Mills and Coutts (1995)
find that the exclusion of dividend payments is not a significant problem. This idea is, again
supported by both Lakonishok and Smidt (1988) and fishe et al. (1993), who concludes that any
dividend bias is relatively small and will not impact on the statistical significance of any results
evidence from Draper and Paudyal (1997) adds further to this statement. However, it is noteworthy
that Philips– Patrick and Schneeweis (1988) found conflicting evidence.
5.2.4.2. Sample Selection and Criteria Limitation
This research study investigates the firm–specific return prediction through CAPM, Fama and
French three factor model and Augmented FF three factor models. The sample consists of financial
and non–financial sectors listed on KSE. The

India 's National Language, Pakistan
There was incredible suffering that the Partion of India caused in areas of Birtish India through
exchanges of population ...Dealing in various ways with the human tragedy endured by people on
both sides of this newly created border. One of the best, and perhaps most famous, partition story
clearly reveals this sense of bewilderment,"Toba Tek Singh" was written in Urdu, Pakistan's national
language, by Sadat Hasan Manto, a Kashmiri who left his home in 1948 and moved to Karachi,
Pakistan's capital. The story recounts the effects of partition on a very particular portion of the
population.
The 1955 short story, writen by Saadat Hasan Manto, was based on inmates of lunatic asylums being
split in the wake of the Partition – with Hindu and Sikh inmates being transferred to India and
Muslim inmates going to Pakistan. It focused on a particular inmate, Bishan Singh. Bishan Singh is
a Sikh inmate who, fifteen years earlier, had gone mad and was admitted to the asylum by his
family. Everyone in the asylum called him Toba Tek Singh, the name of his village. Almost bald, his
legs swollen, because he is always seen standing and occasionally leaning against the wall, he had
the habit of speaking this nonsensical phrase, "Uper the gur gur the annexe the bay dhayana the
mung the dal of the laltain." No one could understand what the gibberish meant but it may be the
message Manto tries to display, that the partion is nonsense. From the story we learn a little bit about
Bishan's family and

Pros And Cons Of Uber In Pakistan
Uber enters Pakistan– one of the fastest growing markets
Pakistan is the world's sixth popular country. Uber's entry to Pakistan was little late when compared
to other countries. Uber started its operations in eastern part of the country that is Uber started its
branch in Lahore, as its demands were raised to the peak; it started to expand its business in the
country. In Pakistan Uber have more chances to expand its services. Pakistan is one of the fastest
growing markets for Uber globally.
The head of expansion of Uber Pakistan, Zohair Yousafi, said that, Uber offers excellent rides in the
country, which the people of Pakistan have never experienced before. The amount of uptake by the
people gives the feeling of reward to the authorities. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Users prefer the quality customer service and the easy experience. These two ride–hailing services
provide the above user requirements.
The taxi–hailing service Careem was created by Pakistani Mudassir Seikha and Swedish Magnus
Olsson.
The reports suggested that, there was the heavy competition between the Careem and Uber in the
Pakistan and this competition has become little aggressive. And Uber was questioned for affecting
the Careem drivers, later it ended up smoothly.
Let's take a look at the pros and cons from both the companies.
Pros of Careem
If the user has the promo code, then they would have cheaper ride than a rickshaw ride.
Careem users feel safe within the car, as they know everything about their ride.
If the user has used the Careem ride several times, then they may get a promo code.
The app is perfect for the people in Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad.
The users can make money through Careem, by providing their car for rent.
Cons of Careem
The cost of the Careem ride is higher than Uber.
Careem losses 40% of its customers due to non–availability that is customers will not have their
rides on time.
The waiting time is longer in

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