Brief Note On Karl Marx, German Philosopher And Economist

A Brief Note On Karl Marx, A German Philosopher And...
Karl Marx, a German philosopher and economist born in 1818, had a profound impact on and
revolutionised politics, economics and intellectual thought (Calhoun, 2002, pp. 23–24) when he
emerged as a revolutionary thinker who denounced the economic and political elites (the
Bourgeoisie) and argued Communism was the inevitable destination for society. His abstract view of
human history led many to adopt his ideas and led to the formation of self–declared Communist
states across four continents. Stalin was a far more divisive figure. He could be seen as a power
hungry, egotistical dictator who was apathetic towards the suffering of his own people, or the
pragmatic statesman who effectively translated Marxism into a political system, which adopted the
core principles but not the unnecessary elements of Marxism deemed 'too Utopian' or in other
words, unattainable.
What first must be down before addressing the question is set out what Marxism actually was. The
ten planks of the Communist Manifesto were as follows: the abolition of private property in land
and the utilisation of all rent for public purposes, a heavy progressive or graduated income tax,
abolition of all rights of inheritance to ensure equality of opportunity, confiscation of the property of
all emigrants and rebels, centralisation of credit in the hands of the State by means of a national
bank with an exclusive monopoly, centralisation of communication and transport in the hands of the
state, extension of
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Edward Snowden Research Paper
Edward Snowden: Villain or Hero? "You can't have 100% security and then also have 100% privacy
and zero inconvenience. Society had to make choices" said President Obama. It has become a given
in society that it is on the government's agenda to procure its nation's safety in exchange of the
privacy or freedom of the people. Edward Snowden, a paladin of social justice, has now come to
light with outstanding facts as for what specifically it is that the National Security Agency (NSA) is
able and willing to do for the country's sake. Snowden, a 29–year–old NSA ex–employee, worked
from Hawaii on his computer support for the recollection of data in bulk from the whole nation .
Under the name of Verax, which means truth teller in Latin, he ... Show more content on
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official; and John Kiriakou, a former C.I.A. officer now serving a prison term . Reason why
Snowden had to flee before he made public what he had been doing and shared the information he
had. He argued that Hong Kong was a city of people who encouraged freedom of speech; he met
with lawyers and searched for solutions while in Hong Kong. Albert Ho, Jonathan Man, and Robert
Tibbo, a human rights lawyer; assembled as a team and aided him to fly out to Moscow after he
made public various important and top secret documents which he acquired while working for NSA
through Booz Allen Hamilton . With threats by the US Government, Russian President Putin alleged
that Edward Snowden had committed no crimes in Russian soil and was a free man. Although his
passport was revoked, the now fugitive Snowden was able to get refugee papers from Ecuador and
was attempting to cross into Russian soil from the airport . As the Hollywood plot unveiled, Julian
Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, took sides with Edward Snowden to help him find asylum. Assange
and his team have started negotiations with Icelandic and Ecuadorian governments for the political
asylum that Snowden pursues . Julian Assange himself lives under political asylum in the
Ecuadorian Embassy in London since mid–2012, explained that Snowden had contacted them for

Five Questions For Vladimir Lenin Essay
Five Questions For Vladimir Lenin
The most dedicated leader of the revolution, and future leader of the Bolshevik Party in Russia, was
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. He was born in 1870 in Simbirsk, Russia, a small town on the Volga River,
to a family of hereditary nobles that were not wealt but quite comfortable. Vladimir Ulyanov, who
would later change his name to Lenin, was the third of seven children. His oldest brother, Aleksandr,
was hanged in May of 1887 for having joined in a plot to kill Czar Alexander III. The czar signed a
warra to have the five student conspirators executed. A year earlier, Vladimir's father had died.
Because of these cicumstances Vladimir experienced extreme grief. He died of a stroke ... Show
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Even though my ideas have been abandoned in a great majority of the world's nations, I feel in some
small way that I have contributed to history. Whether that contribution was positive or negative is
left for future generations to decide. My achievemen lies in the drive of my life, communism. It has
been the one idea that has kept me going through the few years that I have inhabited this planet, the
idea of a classless society. However the complete picture of my design did not take off until after I h
died, I am the un–denied leader of communism, taking it from mere theory into workable practice.
By pressing communist philosophies into the government I effectively removed the restraints to
modernization and industrialization imposed by the former monarchy. (McNeal 68). Thus, I
effectively changed the course of Russian history. However even the lshevik party seemed to drift
away from my control during my lifetime. Several years after my death a member of the Bolshevik
party remarked that, "Had Vladimir lived very much longer he most likely would have landed in
jail" (McNeal 68). To tell you th truth, I believe it. However, even though the party changed
drastically from its conception the principle, that the party was to be an elite force meant to guide
the people, still remained dominant. And along with that is the belief that those who rejec

Access the Methods Used by Either Peron or Lenin to...
The provisional government was deposed in early October by the Bolsheviks as a result of the
October Revolution. The storming and capitulation of the Winter Palace on the night of the 7th to
8th of November marked the beginning of Soviet rule. Lenin was elected as the Chair of the Council
of People's Commissars by the Russian Congress of Soviets. In April 1917 Lenin published his April
Thesis. This document outlined Lenin's aims for the future: to end the war; to give all power to the
Soviet; to give all property and land to the people and worldwide revolution. After the Bolsheviks
seizure of power, they soon faced many social and economic problems. Numerous observers during
the revolution, had thought that the new government would only ... Show more content on
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Lenin ordered that any German conditions should be accepted but he had great difficulty in
convincing his colleagues such as Trotsky that this was the way forward. He realized that the
Bolsheviks needed to get a quick treaty from the Germans to bring about the end of the war so that
the Bolsheviks could concentrate on the work they needed to do in Russia. Eventually peace was
signed in March 1918 in the form of the Treaty of Brest–Litovsk. Under the treaty, Russia lost Riga,
Lithuania, Livonia, Estonia and some of White Russia. Russia ended up losing 62 million people,
27% of farm land, 26% of railway lines and 74% of iron and coal reserves. Some historians argue
that the signing of the Treaty of Brest–Litovsk was one of Lenin's major failures in his policies.
Lenin's practical and realistic approach enabled him to strengthen the Bolshevik party even more.
After the winning the Civil War against the Whites, the Russia economy was left in ruins. The
Bolshevik Party faced many problems; the Kronstadt rising, political opposition and economic crisis
this meant that Lenin had to remove 'War Communism' to avoid disaster. Lenin thought that the
collapse of Russian economy was mainly due to the introduction of 'War Communism' during the
Civil War. The majority of resources were allocated to the civil war fronts. In Russia, land was
seized and redistributed to be worked using limited resources and equipment. Any surplus in
production was seized by the

Animal Farm By George Orwell
Individual rights
Sometimes taking control can corrupt people and make them do selfish acts or make decisions the
people don't want. It might even bring about an argument or revolt from someone or a crowd.
Whatever the case, it is never good to be possessive or something or someone when they want to
make their own choices and decisions because they have the right to. An example of a story that
shows how power can corrupt people is Animal Farm by George Orwell. He uses the character from
the story to symbolize the historical figures from the Russian Revolution. This Revolution had two
separate events called the February and October Revolution. In the February revolution, Tsar
Nicholas II was removed from power after being selfish and greedy leader to his citizens. The
October revolution, however was a much more different event and was led by the Bolsheviks realize
who began building support within petrograd and other Urban centers. After, the Bolsheviks realize
they couldn't maintain too much power and abandoned the democratic process, they declared
themselves representatives of a dictatorship of the proletariat. Based on the use of symbolism and
characterization in Animal Farm, Orwell argues that in society, people should stand up for their own
rights and protect themselves from leaders who think have more power or control than them.
By using symbolism to compare the historical figures from the russian revolution to the animals in
animal farm, Orwell contends that in

Vladimir Putin
In 1513, an Italian politician by the name of Niccolo Machiavelli distributed, though privately, a
political treatise called The Prince. This treatise was, essentially, a guide on how to effectively rule
one's country. It's important beforehand to define exactly what a Machiavellian is, before describing
one. A Machiavellian is a leader who, through his power and influence, works toward the common
good of his people. This can be done through fear, through deceit, even through manipulation. It is
important to understand the main principle of a Machiavellian; the end justifies the means. The end
being the common good of his people. Vladimir Putin is a Machiavellian in the ways he retains
power, institutes reform, and executes economic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His climb to power landed himself at the foot of the Russian presidency when President Yeltsin
resigned, naming Putin as his successor to office. Since then, President Putin has found ways to stay
in power through change in constitutional law within Russia, which had formerly caused Putin to
step down as President in 2008. However, as Putin had named Dmitry Medvedev his successor,
Medvedev in turn named Putin, Prime Minister. In most cases, Medvedev would've run for a
second–term, but instead stated he was switching positions with Putin, giving Putin his third–term in
office. While Putin faced protests across Russia from the outcome of this election, he was largely
able to stop the protests by jailing the opposition and cracking down on any who spoke out against
him. All of this leads up to Machiavelli's 8th chapter, Chapter VIII in The Prince: Concerning Those
Who Have Obtained A Principality By Wickedness. Machiavelli talks of those who betray and kill
friends to climb the latter of power, only to realize that they can only ever achieve power, and never
glory. A characteristic of a ruler must be one of cold–calculation, knowing exactly what to do should
the moment come to inflict some action of injury, as Machiavelli puts it, saying the ruler

The Establishment of Revolutionary Changes in Germany...
The Establishment of Revolutionary Changes in Germany After World War One In 1918 people in
Germany were shattered by the unexpected defeat of the First World War. As the war ended the
German emperor, the Kaiser, abdicated and early in 1919 Germanys politicians drew up what has
often been described as the most democratic constitution in the world. The revolutionary changes
after the war were vast. The importance of the First World War in shaping Germany's historical
development is large; A German victory in 1918 would have certainly defused the crisis and in
doing so retarded the process of political reform for a generation or more. It plowed Germanyinto
economic crisis, causing hyperinflation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The people wanted this new civilian government and this provides a strong basis to the argument
that there were drastic revolutionary changes in Germany after world war one. The fundamental;
constituent changes have been often called a revolution however some historians would argue that
this is a real exaggeration. The Reichstag never really seemed to want to make a massive impact on
the events of Germanyfor example; in October 1918 the Reichstag adjourned on 5 October and went
into recess until 22 October, when it adjourned again until 9 November. These were hardly the
actions of an institution that wanted to shape events decisively. What pushed Germany from such a
short space of time from small political reforms towards a revolution was the public realization that
the war was indeed lost. The constituency they had with a Prince as chancellor and a civilian
government would not be enough to stop a truly revolutionary situation. Prince Max's government
began to loose control when sailors started to mutiny in Kielin October 31, which had been
prompted by a real fear that their officers were intent on a suicide sortie to redeem the honor of the
navy. News of the mutiny encouraged the creation of a series of sailors, soldiers, and workers
councils throughout Germany. These challenged the authority of the state,

Why Stalin Emerged as the Sole Leader of the U.S.S.R. and...
Why Stalin Emerged as the Sole Leader of the U.S.S.R. and Not Trotsky Trotsky was a leading
Bolshevik and played a pivotal role in the revolution, persuading Lenin to delay the revolution until
the Bolshevik's had a much stronger place in the country. He also was crucial to the civil war, as he
organised the troops and motivated them. Stalin on the other hand was in charge of all the dull jobs
within the Bolshevik party and In Lenin's last Testament, he was referred to as rude and he needed to
be removed. So why did Stalin, and not Trotsky emerge as Lenin's successor. It's a mixture of
Stalin's luck and skill, and Trotsky's misfortune, which will be explained in the following
paragraphs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These Were: · Factionalism · The N.E.P. · Socialism In One Country/ permanent Revolution · His
Power Base Factionalism was the Idea that if a member of the party discusses ideas which did not
have the majority vote by the party. There were 2 main Ideas about the N.E.P. , these were the left
wing and the right wing. The left wing said it should go and the right wing said it should stay as it
would aid Industrialisation, as it allowed free trade to sell goods on the open market which would
give money into the open market. Stalin's powerbase was due to him being the general secretary,
who was in charge of recruiting people, so when the Lenin enrolment scheme was introduced, Stalin
recruited "malleable recruits who wouldn't be impressed by Trotsky's intellect. This was skill on
Stalin's part, but also a mistake on Trotsky's behalf, as he had paid no attention previously to Stalin,
calling him a "grey blur" Permanent Revolution was the idea that Russia would change, but at the
same time help other countries to change and receive their help. Stalin had an opposing idea to this,
which was socialism in one country, which was basically that Russia revolutionise on it's own with
no input from other countries. 1924 was the first stage of the power struggle When Zinoviev,
Kamenev and Stalin sided against Trotsky, as Zinoviev and

Animal Farm By George Orwell
George Orwell's book entitled Animal Farm provides an interesting insight on the political scene of
the Soviet Union during the era of political changes in which the Soviet Union gained power as
described with the analogy of a group of animals on a farm who overthrow their farmer and proceed
to struggle through decision making and struggles associated with searching for a balance of power.
There is a series of power changes and periods of different leadership styles described. To
understand the novel and the political implications that it implies one must understand these political
power changes and political systems. The first political system described by Orwell is the farmer
and his total control of the animals. This can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the book there is a pig named Major. Towards the end of his life he begins to question the
authority of the farmer. Not only does he question he also tells others spreading his ideas to as many
of the animals that he can reach. Major is seen to be representative of the Bolsheviks. The
Bolsheviks fed off of the resentment of the peasants at their lack of land and the looming threat of
World War I. The government promised to address the issues but took their time in doing so. By
spreading their ideas the Bolsheviks gained the support of many people. This would soon lead to the
support needed to set the stage for a revolution that would overthrow the provisional government
that was setup following the overthrow and execution of Tsar Nicholas II by the provisional
government. This provisional government was unable to perform as the people wanted because of
the slow process of institution of their policies and the time necessary for elections. In 1917, Less
than a year after the overthrow of the Tsar, Vladimir Lenin seized control from the provisional
government with the backing of the Bolshevik party. This overthrow of the provisional government
allowed for the Bolsheviks to gain complete control over Russia. Lenin took the role of leader both
in the revolution and the setup of the government that would soon follow. However as in the book
there were two strong leaders that began a struggle for power. While Lenin was the

The Success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in...
The Success of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia in October 1917
The Bolshevik seizure of power or coup de'tat of October 25th, 1917 was a culmination of both
internal and external failure to satisfy the needs of an oppressed Russian society. In contrast to the
spontaneous revolts earlier in 1917, the Bolshevik revolution was 'a carefully planned plot carried
out by 'professional' revolutionaries.'[1] The victory of the Marxist Lenin's Bolsheviks was due to
the failure of the Provisional Government in response to land policies; their failure to gain support
from the masses; the lack of 'real' authority of the Provisional Government and the military failure
of the army. Secondly, the failure of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Bolshevik revolution came to prominence because of the Provisional Government's inability to
gain support from the Russian population. 'The government enjoyed little confidence amongst the
masses; and many of its members were largely unknown to the new Russia that had burst upon the
political scene.'[3] Kerensky himself comments on the problematic circumstances his government
experienced, 'the old (governmental machine) had disappeared; the new was not yet established.'
The support of the peasantry was critical in establishing popular rule, as historian Richard Abraham
comments, 'the largest social class in Russia was still the peasantry. Their reaction to the coming
social conflict would be crucial – not least because peasant lads in grey coats were armed.' While
Prince Lvov and his cronies did inherit everything the old regime had deserted in chaos and
acknowledged 'the solution of the problem requires, if not years, at least several months.' The
Provisional Government failed to identify growing areas of concern within the Russian empire,
proving fatal to the common perception of the government. 'Industrial chaos, ineffective

Dreaming with Lolita Essays
Dreaming with Lolita
What world are you living in? Over the past hundreds of years psychologists have been studying the
functions of the human mind. It is a task that seems to prolong as information and new methods
arrive. What makes us dream or imagine things? The fact that we have dreams and ambitions in life
strives us to believe through imagining and dreaming that we will eventually get a break in life.
Lolita, by Vladimir Nabokov, is a novel that characterizes these types of situations. It implies
similarity in plot and theme between Lolita and certain fairy tales. Furthermore, Nabokov implies
the folk characterization in Lolita to show the paradoxical relationship of art and reality thus
showing how real life people live out the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Humbert portrays Charlotte as an obstacle and wishes, "for some terrific disaster" where Charlotte
is, "instantly and permanently eliminated" (Nabokov 55). Humbert shows his deep disgust towards
her by calling her many different nasty things throughout the novel. For example, Humbert refers to
Charlotte as, "The Haze women (Nabokov 47), the "old cat" p. (Nabokov 49), and the "detested
mamma" (Nabokov 51). Humbert also states that Charlotte, "was to me but and obstacle" In addition
to this parallel, Charlotte, like the evil fairy mothers and stepmothers in "Cinderella" and "Snow
White" hated her daughter" (Jones 70).
Another interesting parallel also deals with Charlotte and the Queen or stepdaughter in "Snow
White." Both of these characters are in competition with their daughters and stepdaughters for the
attention of the male. In Lolita, Humbert, "overhears Charlotte and Lolita fighting over him" (Jones
69). He states that he heard, "a great banging of door and other sounds coming from quaking
caverns where the two rivals were having a ripping row" (Nabokov 55). As for in "Snow White," the
Queen constantly asks in the mirror "who is the fairer of them all, herself or her daughter" (Jones
69). In addition, both Charlotte and the Queen as a result of their jealousy towards their daughters
opt to send them out to the wilderness. Nabokov's characterization of Charlotte as the jealous
mother serves a purpose. "Initially, it makes the characters and actions

The History of the Russian Revolution Essay
The Russian Revolution is a widely studied and seemingly well understood time in modern,
European history, boasting a vast wealth of texts and information from those of the likes of Robert
Service, Simon Sebag Montefiore, Allan Bullock, Robert Conquest and Jonathan Reed, to name a
few, but none is so widely sourced and so heavily relied upon than that of the account of Leon
Trotsky, his book "History of the Russian Revolution" a somewhat firsthand account of the events
leading up to the formation of the Soviet Union. There is no doubt that Trotsky's book, among
others, has played a pivotal role in shaping our understanding of the events of The Revolution; but
have his personal predilections altered how he portrayed such paramount ... Show more content on
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Figes stating that "The masses were...largely passive in their demands and actions; the Bolsheviks
successfully manipulated and exploited this..." . These views could largely be due to the 'History
from Above' standpoint of Liberal historians that did much of the post–Union analysis at the tail end
of the Cold War. This forms many of our traditional views of the nature of The Revolution. The
view is also entangled with Soviet historical development; many of the preliminary analyses were
conducted by the Bolshevik revolutionaries themselves and, as such, they are highly political and
driven by the need to establish the legitimacy of the Bolshevik regime. While Trotsky is a standout
of these historians for his political dissent and blatant disregard for Stalinist power, he is still one of
many. This fact greatly mitigates his effect on the passage of history; his need to legitimise the
revolution echoes the sentiments of the Politburo historians such as Mikhail Pokrovsky, one of the
foremost Bolshevik Historians of the time and one of Trotsky's ideological and Historical rivals.
While this may be the case for the more information–limited Soviet historians, the more modern,
revisionist historians such as Edward Acton, Robert Service, Harold Shukman and Steven Smith
have had great exposure to much of the confidential literature, kept secret by the many Soviet
Purges and the prolific 'Iron Curtain'. In the view of Acton "Russia's workers were

Causes anf Results of Communism in Eastern and Central Europe
Communism was one of the political theories founded by Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx in the end
of the 19th century . Both of these philosophers had the same point of view concerning the
economic and political principles. Also, Communism brought up many changes to International
Relations , and the body of the essay will describe the causes and results of Communism in Eastern
and central Europe. In 1844 Engel and Marx started to discover interesting facts about Communism
and no longer in 1848 they decided to write and publish ' Communism Manifesco' , which was
thought to be one of the best and influential political books ever. Under 'Communism Manifesco' all
people were thought to be equal. The main idea for everyone was not to be ... Show more content on
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A lot of countries were influenced by the Communism. Among them are: Eastern German and
Poland, The Communism in Poland lasted for forty years that brought a new and specific changes in
the government at the end of the Second World War. Poland had a really complicated situation
because of Iosef Stalin and his Communist Party. He described his points of view in a very clear
way, 'Imposing Communism on Poland was as absurd as putting a saddle on a cow'. Moreover
,everything was under control of the Polish Government of Stalin, including a lot of spheres as
culture, social aspects of life and economy. As government had all the power in their hands, people
were absolutely deprived of power. That kind of period was strongly disliked by people and brought
a lot of strikes, protections and even attacks. As the result, the Communism system had a bad
influence on the development of Poland. Eastern German was also under the Communism regime.
The historic German capital of Berlin, although in the East was a special case. Berlin itself was split
into 4 sectors after the war. West Berlin was part of West Germany despite being completely
surrounded by East Germany. The Eastern part of German was absolutely poor in all its aspects. The
lack of food, transport and all the necessary goods lead to the panic. To prevent bad causes of that
situation, German government

George Orwell 's Animal Farm
In 1943, Eric Blair, under the pen name of George Orwell, began writing Animal Farm. Although
born in Bengal, he eventually moved to Eton for schooling. After completing his schooling, Orwell
served for the loyalist forces in the Spanish Civil War. At the end of the war, Orwell moved to
England. It was in England where he decided to devote himself to British Socialism and writing.
The masterpiece, Animal Farm, was created out of Orwell's love of Socialism and his passion for
writing. Although he had trouble at first, on August 17th, 1945, Orwell finally found someone who
would be willing to publish his novel. During the writing of Animal Farm, Soviet Russia's
involvement in thwarting the Nazi Army caused many of the English publishers to refuse
publication. These publishers saw numerous risks in publishing Orwell's masterpiece because of the
impact it could have on Stalin himself. When asked why he would offend Stalin in such a way, and
also the USSR, he simply stated that he had only intended to write a cautionary story for the
democratic west, warning it against a dangerously alien form of "socialism". (Orwell i–ix) In
Animal Farm, Orwell creates a farm community in the town of Willingdon. The two nearest farms to
"Animal Farm" were known as Pinchfield and Foxwood. Pinchfield was ran by Mr. Fredrick while
Foxwood was ran by Mr. Pilkington. Although both prosperous farmers, each of these two had very
different ideals when it came to running their own farms. Mr. Fredrick

Essay on Angela Merkel
Tiffany Prill
Challenges of Leadership
Leadership Book Analysis
Modern World Leaders– Angela Merkel
The person chosen for this leadership report is Angela Merkel. I read "Modern World Leaders–
Angela Merkel" written by Clifford W. Mills. Being born in Berlin, with my pride in being German,
as well as being a female with my own leadership ambitions, I felt Angela Merkel was a perfect fit
for me. Gaining knowledge on the leadership style from one of the most powerful and influential
women in the world, while also learning the values and beliefs my country is grounded on, I find
Angela Merkel to be extremely interesting leader to study. Angela Merkel (born Angela Dorothea
Kasner), was born in Hamburg, Germany on July 17, 1954. Angela ... Show more content on
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In Germany teachers quiet strict and at one point she had a teacher that would punish the entire class
if a presentation differed even slightly from what the teacher told them to do. Deep down inside
Merkel knew that the students put in extreme effort into the presentations and that this matter was so
serious that the students could all be expelled from school. After explaining the situation to her
parents, Merkel wrote a petition which she also presented to some GDR officials. Merkels class was
saved; the teacher was later disciplined. I characterize her leadership style as one that is based on
ethics and morals while also being very direct. She is both task oriented as well as relationship
oriented. Merkel focuses on the business task at hand while putting great emphasis relationships and
networking... "I don't think it make sense to go round and round in circles arguing about this crisis.
We have to manage it instead. But that's something we can only do together with our neighbors, our
partners, the big ones and the small ones. I think Germany is destined, partly as a result of its
geographic position, to be a mediator and balancing factor."
From this statement I feel as though Merkel is very direct and to the point– there is no point in
arguing, let's do something about it. At the same time Merkel puts emphasis on leader–member
relations. Previous chancellor Schroeder was known for his extravagant sleigh rides with

Essay on Brave New World-Allusions
Allusions to the "Brave New World"
1. Ford
Henry Ford (1863–1947) revolutionized the automobile industry with the assembly line method of
production, which proved very successful for 15 million Model Ts were sold. Humans were
similarly produced in the Brave New World where the embryos passed along a conveyor belt while a
worker or machine would have a specific task dealing with the specimen. Again, this assembly line
method proved very successful.
2. Lenina
Vladmir Lenin (1870–1924) founded the communist party in Russia and the world's first communist
dictatorship. He believed in Karl Marx's theories that government is affected by underlying
economic forces. Lenin's dictatorship resembles that of Mustapha Mond for both of them ... Show
11. Watson
John Broadus Watson (1878–1958) was an American psychologist who became the leader of a
revolutionary movement called behaviorism. He studied innate behaviors and experimented on it.
The people, in the BNW, had their behaviors controlled through experiments from when they were
small. Without his theories, Huxley couldn't have completed his novel.
12. Marx
Karl Marx (1818–1883) was a German philosopher, social scientist, and a revolutionary
professional.
Above all, however, he was the chief founder of Democratic Socialism and Revolutionary
Communism. He was also famous for writing the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. He wrote
with Engles. Marx's communism government structure was practiced in the ‘civilized world'. Caste
systems were present, everyone worked for the nation's sake, and an elite controlled the whole
civilization.
13. Engles
Fredrich Engles (1820–1895) was a German social scientist, journalist, and professional
revolutionary. He was chiefly known for his close collaboration with Marx. He helped Marx with
ideas on economics and with his writings. His communist beliefs took effect in the BNW in the
concept that everyone is enslaved to the civilization and that there is complete equality in each caste.
14. Noble Savage
The Noble Savage was the concept of a superior primitive man uncorrupted by civilization who
lives under just and reasonable laws. In the book, John Savage was an unfettered

Communism Of The Vietnam War And The Cold War
Communism is an ideology that has a very long history more than one–third of the globe. This
ideology is followed by Russia, Cuba, Laos, China, North Korea, and Vietnam. This ideology is the
source of many revolutions and conflicts throughout the history likes the English Civil War, the
Bolshevik Revolution, the Vietnam War, the Korea War and the Cold War. However, what makes
Communism different from other ideologies is its origin, its policy, and its effects on the poor and
the working class.
Communism originated during the Stone Age, at the beginning of our human civilization from the
fourth B. C. as "primitive Communism". At that point, everyone had an equal amount of work. Then
it was later being replaced by monarchy and capitalism. Communism has been mentioned in many
books: The Bible, Plato 's Republic by Plato, Utopia (1516) by Sir Thomas More, City of the Sun
(1623) by Tommaso Campanella. This ideology also led to the English Civil War, a rebellion among
the poor class (peasant class) and the dominant class. But later being repressed heavily by the
dominant class. After the Industrial Age, the difference between the poor and the wealthy became
clearer, which lead to the rise of "modern Communism". According to Marx, the "Father of modern
Communism", he used to say: ' 'From each according to his ability, to each according to his need"
(World History and Cultures). Later on, Marx met Engels. Sharing the same idea of the injustice
among classes, they published "The

Outside Forces Creating Change in Characters: Love in the...
Authors are often well known for their use of outside forces to initiate change within the
relationships of their main characters. The works Love in the Time of Cholera and The
Metamorphosis are exemplary in this respect. The author's choice, in both works, to use an outside
force helps develop the storyline in each and brings out an underlying irony. Marquez chose to use
Dr. Juvenal Urbino, a highly esteemed and prosperous doctor, as an outside force that initiated
change in the relationship between Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza. Kafka chose to use three
boarders to initiate the rapid decay of Gregor and Grete's brother–sister relationship. Both
consistencies and inconsistencies exist between the ways in which each author uses the ... Show
She cleaned up his room and ensured that he was well fed. Even though the relationships among the
main characters were different, a consistency is found within the seemingly "perfect" classifications
of both relationships. Both authors chose to use picture perfect relationships with virtually
"unbreakable" bonds. They possibly did this to demonstrate how powerful and important the outside
forces were. This is where the irony can be seen in both works. The outside forces managed to break
the bonds shared between this brother and sister and soon to be husband and wife quite easily. In
each work, the outside forces caused different changes to take place. In Love in the Time of Cholera,
Dr. Urbino was brought on by Fermina's father, Lorenzo Daza, who wanted his daughter to marry
into money and be well taken care of. Dr. Urbino was able to change the relationship between
Fermina and Florentino by causing it to cease. Once Lorenzo Daza decided he wanted his daughter
to marry Dr. Urbino and Dr. Urbino "... had been struck by the lightning of his love for Fermina
Daza" (Marquez 115), that ended what had been between Fermina and Florentino. This change
caused by Dr. Urbino and Lorenzo Daza lead Florentino to make "...a fierce decision to win fame
and fortune in order to deserve her." (Marquez 165). He decided that he would remain a virgin for
Fermina until the day Dr. Urbino died and hoped that she would still love him.

Essay on Compare and contrast ‘Disgrace’ with 'Jude the...
J.M Coetzee's 'Disgrace' literates Lurie's attempt and failure of the seduction of a school girl,
Melanie. This is a campus novel about the first flirtation between a university lecturer and a student.
The aptly named novel suggests the possible overall outcome of having a relationship with a
student.
'Disgrace' is written from a third person in favour of the protagonist, David Lurie's point of view.
Lurie is someone who has achieved what he wanted to in life, academically but perhaps not
romantically? Whereas, Melonie Issacs, his student has yet to fully experience university life to it's
full and to achieve her academic goals. This novel is written in present tense which gives a sense of
ominicity. (I really want this to be a word, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similarly to 'Disgrace', 'Jude' is a novel about a first flirtation. Jude is a young scholar, (like
Melonie) who is determined to do well in his studies who has been disturbed from his ambitions by
the country girls. These women's crude sexuality is threatening Jude's scholarship and ambitions.
Arabella is very similar to the character of Moire in Brian Friel's 'Translations' as they are both
animalistic down to earth women. In contrast to 'Disgrace', 'Jude' has an omniscient narrator, giving
us in site into all of the characters lives. This guides the reader to feel sympathetic towards Jude as
the women are preying on him, also contrasting to 'Disgrace' as in that extract, the male is the
perpetrator and the woman is prey. Jude doubts Arabella, but is however, curious of her. She holds
him back from his ambition and deviates him from the 'straight and narrow', his relationship with
Arabella progresses beyond this extract, but undoubtedly ends in heartbreak and unhappiness. This
is also illuistrated by the initial throwing of the penis, the complete disreguard of the male sexual
organ which has been thrown in his face causing a mockery.
Lurie in 'Disgrace' uses poetic language forms and phrases with his attempt to lure Melanie into his
seduction; he is fixated on her physical attributes stating that "a woman's beauty does not belong to
her alone". This could be considered as an attempt to

Macbeth and Animal Farm Essay
AO3 = explain links between the texts, evaluating writers' different ways of expressing meaning and
achieving effects Focus on progression of power
Compare the way George Orwell and William Shakespeare present and develop power and attitudes
to power in Animal Farm and Macbeth.
Writer's sharing of attitudes other characters and writers
AO1 = respond to texts critically and imaginatively; select and evaluate relevant textual detail to
illustrate and support interpretations
AO2 = explain how language, structure and form contribute to writers' presentation of ideas, themes
and settings
AO4 = relate texts to their social, cultural and historical contexts; explain how texts have been
influential and significant to self ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It appears that Shakespeare is justifying Macbeth's ruthless ambition and want to maintain power,
which puts Macbeth into darker depths by having Banquo and Fleance murdered, by his lack of an
heir. Similarly, the audience is provided by Snowball as the rival to Napoleon's absolute power in his
introduction to the character in Chapter 2. Orwell tells the reader he 'was a more vivacious pig than
Napoleon', setting him up immediately in competition His description goes on to describe him as
'quicker in speech and more inventive '. This is proven when he emerges later in Chapter 4 as the
brave hero of the Battle of the Cowshed after which we see him awarded with the military
decoration of 'Animal Hero First Class' while the reader realizes Napoleon seems to be conspicuous
in his absence. Moreover, Snowball invents plans for the windmill and Orwell outlines all his
creative ideas in his committees and therefore Napoleon clearly makes plans to expel him from the
farm. The key difference between Shakespeare and Orwell's presentations is that we witness
Macbeth's thought processes and plans while Orwell keeps the reader in the dark yet offers them
clues that Napoleon is not to be trusted. It comes as no surprise to the reader in Chapter 5 when
Napoleon unleashes his personally educated dogs, who represent Stalin's secret police, on Snowball.
Both leaders maintain power by eradicating any competition.

Stalin And The Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin the prominent leader of the Soviet Union had a vision to transform the Soviet Union
into an industrialized economy. Through the works of Stalin he implemented "The Five Year Plan"
which included methods and goals that were very important in the arrival of his goal. Though, hard
labor, terror, struggle, and work was put on the peasants and kulak class that was key in Stalin's
plans to achieve a Communist society. Through the utilization of terror and repression, Stalin's Five
Year Plan transformed the Soviet Union from a peasant society into an industrialized superpower.
Before Stalin's rise to power, many people did not favor his beliefs but was able to claim his power
and dominance. Stalin was involved in many events with the Bolshevik party for 12 year before the
beginning of the Russian Revolution in 1917 which gained him military leadership roles in many
wars like the Civil War and Soviet Polish War. He was given the role as the Bolsheviks Chief
operatives and his relationship with Lenin grew very close, as Lenin admired Stalin as strong and
loyal leader. Stalin played an important role in helping engineer the 1921 Red Army Invasion of
Georgia. These connections gained him an important position as being a General Secretary on the
new Soviet government. May of 1922, Lenin suffered a stroke during his recovery in surgery which
led Stalin and Trotsky to worry about who would take over Lenin's position. Trotsky and Lenin had
more of a personal relationship,

The Death Of Trotsky
I was walking again. I do that a lot, because walking relaxes me. Sometimes it just feels nice to
stretch your legs, and get some fresh air. The Moscow air is so fresh that it burns your face a bit, but
I know that a little hypothermia is good for the soul. God, I sound like air supply. Anyway, it was
cold again. I mean it's always cold in Moscow, but today it was different, because this walk wasn't
for nothing. I was intent on my purpose, so I moved at a brisk pace. I sped up, but made sure not to
go too fast so that the ice pick didn't dig into my thigh. I was walking to Leon's house to kill him. As
I stated earlier, I intend on killing Trotsky. I knew what would come if I was victorious, but I felt
pangs of guilt strike my heart. I became unsure on whether or not I could kill him. After all, he
wasn't an enemy of the party, but a comrade. He may have views that I despise, but he was pure at
heart. Maybe, he rejected his perfect life for a better one. There was just a chance that he was one of
us, that he sympathized with the workers, and wanted Russia to have the bright future of communist
red. I mentally scolded myself. I was intent on killing this man, and some weak remorse cannot stop
me. Remorse is an emotion that plays into empathy, and empathy is my enemy. Empathy is
something that people who cry feel. It is a tool of the upper class to make the lower class stay low,
but I can't stop it. When I was a child, I learned how feeling is wrong. I learned that caring

The Fall of Russia Essay
After the collapse of the Soviet Union there were many different problems facing the new Russian
government. Through the use of reforms many of these issues were cured but not overnight. Boris
Yeltsin and his Prime Minister Yegor Gaidar implemented several policies while the economy was
not moving well. Then Vladimir Putin would carry on reforms while making new ones or changing
existing policies. How would these amendments affect the economy after the collapse of the
Communist regime?
In 1992, Yeltsin launched an economic reform program developed by Acting Prime Minister Yegor
Gaidar. The program also known as shock–therapy brought fundamental changes in the economy.
There was little doubt that it was causing economic misery, and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The temporary truce broke, however, broke down and Yeltsin declared emergency presidential rule;
more than half but less than two–thirds the majority needed in the Supreme Soviet voted to impeach
Yeltsin. Yeltsin called together a constitutional convention to write a new constitution. "He banned
eight political parties, fired several high–ranking government officials who had failed to support
him, and suspended Russia's regional and town councils, many of which had sided with his
opponents (Kort 421)." Therefore the Supreme Soviet had refused to support the new constitution,
Yeltsin then issued a decree dissolving both the Supreme Soviet and the Congress of People's
Deputies. Furthermore, neither system wanted to view or listen to Yeltsin and his new constitution.
They gathered in the parliamentary building, voted to dispose of Yeltsin. Then Yeltsin a few weeks
later had the Russian white house blasted with artillery.
Privatization
The government also launched a major program of privatization of state property. By 1994, the
voucher privatization program had completed its first phase, more than 70 percent of industry,
representing the workforce and production, had been privatized, although workers and managers
owned most of these enterprises, many of which have not still been restructured to compete in
market conditions. "Under the program, every citizen of Russia would be issued

Human Head Transplant : Dr. Sergio Canavero Essay
Dr. Sergio Canavero is neurosurgeon that thinks outside the box. Many call him crazy for trying to
perform a head transplant, but we have to take risks in order to grow in the medical field. Man used
to think hear transplants and liver transplant weren't possible, but we took risk just like Dr. Sergio
Canavero is today. Dr. Sergio Canavero of the Turin Advanced Neuromodulation Group in Italy,
Spoke on his plans to perform the first ever human head transplant. Dr. Canaveros has chosen Valery
Spiridonov, a 30 year old computer scientist from Vladimir, Russia. Spiridonav has Werdning
Hoffmen disease a rare genetic conditions that affects your muscle movement. Spirdonov says "I can
hardly control my body now. I need help every day, every minute" (Spiridonov). When asked about
if he was scared Spiridonov replied "I'm not worried about anything. Someone needs to be first.
Someone needs to go further where no one has gone before" (Spiridonov) Dr. Canavero told CNN
he has "received an array of emails and letters from people asking to be considered for the
procedure, many of which were transgender looking for a new body" (qtd. in CNN). The procedure
is estimated to take a team of 100 surgeons and 50 nurses around 36 hours to complete. The head
from a donor body will be removed using an ultra–sharp blade in order to limit the amount of
damage to the spinal cord. "The spinal cord of the donor will then be fused with the spinal cord of
the recipients head. After surgery the patient

Lolita Through a Marxist-Feminist Lens: Lolita by...
Lolita Through a Marxist–Feminist Lens After looking past its controversial sexual nature, Vladimir
Nabokov's Lolita can be read as a criticism of the capitalist system. Nabokov uses the relationship
between the novel's narrator, Humbert Humbert, and the novel's namesake, Lolita, as an extended
metaphor to showcase the system's inherent exploitive nature in a way that shocks the reader out of
their false consciousness, by making the former a man in the position of power – a repulsive,
manipulative pedophile – and the latter a young female victim – as well as a spoiled, vapid, unruly
child. Each is to the other nothing more than a commodity – Lolita being the perfect consumer and
Humbert Humbert being a man of privilege who views others ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, Humbert Humbert's arrogance causes him to hold himself above all others, except when
he's trying to charm the reader with his false modesty – but it is transparent. By making his narrator
so vulgarly arrogant, Nabokov is revealing the capitalist persona he's created, leaving the reader
disenchanted with Humbert Humbert and his charm.
Humbert Humbert arrives in Ramsdale with a small amount of money from his deceased rich
American uncle and Lolita is instantly taken with his Hollywood good–looks. She was raised in a
middle class house, where putting on airs of being wealthier and more sophisticated than one truly is
– traits which Humbert Humbert actually possesses – was taught to her by a single, uninterested
mother. Lolita is by nature at the bottom of the hierarchy because of her sex and her age, as well as
the fact that the reader only sees her through the narrator's gaze, but her consumerism makes her
restraint all the more difficult to overcome. She is "a modern child, an avid reader of movie
magazines, an expert in dream–slow close–ups," (49) which gave her unrealistic expectations of
love's value and places her squarely in the object position. Lolita finds solace in material things,
objects with no true use or value: movies, movie magazines, stylish clothes, etc.,
Kinsey 3 and throws tantrums on a regular basis. She had thrown one

Everything Flows By Vasily Grossman
Throughout his novel Everything Flows, Vasily Grossman provides numerous occasions for defining
freedom. In the midst of attempting to give meaning to freedom, Grossman greatly invests in
wrestling with the issue of why freedom is still absent within Russia although the country has seen
success in many different ways. Through the idea and image of the Revolution stems Capitalism,
Leninism, and Stalinism. Grossman contends that freedom is an inexorable occurrence and that "to
live means to be free", that it is simply the nature of human kind to be free (200–204). The lack of
freedom expresses a lack of humanity in Russia, and though freedom never dies, if freedom does not
exist in the first place, then it has no chance to be kept alive. Through Grossman's employment of
the Revolution and the ideas that stem from it, he illustrates why freedom is still absent from
Russian society, but more importantly why the emergence of freedom is inevitable.
The confusion at the lack of freedom in Russia despite the success the country has experienced
through newly built cities, construction sites, and military victories, is exemplified by Grossman
early in the novel through the use of Ivan Grigoryevich, a Russian citizen recently released from the
Gulag (49). As daunting as that is, it is understandable why it is so. Freedom gives those who have it
the opportunity to choose as they wish, do as they wish, think as they wish, and say as they wish, but
to Grossman, that is not

The Social and Political Influences Leading up to the...
The Social and Political Influences Leading up to the First World War Romanticism began in the
closing decades of the Eighteenth Century. Influencing all spheres of life, pervading the populace of
Europe and the first half of the Nineteenth Century with idealistic, yet unreal sentiment.
Contradicting any romantic or idealistic belief were the uniform followers of rationalism and
conservatism, descendents of Puritanism that arose in the Church of England during the early 17th
Century. The German writer E. T. A. Hoffmann quoted in retrospect "infinite longing" was the
essence of romanticism, if this definition is accepted, it may be said that it created in Europe, an
illicit hunt for a "utopian" society. This I theorize is the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The southern Germanic states were forced to accept Prussian hegemony, and Germany as it is
known today was formed. Within the space of thirty years, Germany had gone from being a cluster
of insignificant states to the most powerful state in Europe – full of nationalistic sentiment, patriotic
people and militaristic Kaisers. It is easily forgotten that Italy, similar to Germany is only a recently
created state. Little over a century ago Italy was divided into five main groups, all subject to
political arrangements made by their foreign rulers. It took 21 years of resistance in the name of
Irredentism, to oust the puppet Autocratic government. Liberal views were enough, Liberal views
and the invasion of Austria(1848), and for a second time in 1859, the invasions were used in order to
establish the nation, and to expel Austrian emigrants from northern Italy, the theme of "unifying"
ones nation through military action has been exemplified again. In order to determine a nation on
the global stage, an expansionistic foreign policy has been held by both Germany and Italy, and the
result has been successful each time fusing the populace closer together by attaining a sense of
achievement through hardship and therefore a joint heritage and culture. Now

U.s. President Barack Obama
Well, it is official. Thousands of American soldiers will stay on in Afghanistan after 2016. US
President Barack Obama halted the troop drawdown on October 15 because "Afghan forces are still
not as strong as they need to be."
This major policy U–turn means US combat forces will stay 9800 strong throughout 2016 and
reduce to 5500 men by the time Obama leaves office. This was not the plan. The plan was to keep an
embassy–level force behind after 2016, or around 1000 men. The Taliban seizing Kunduz briefly in
September ruined this plan, or so says the White House.
Contrarian news sources, however, are pitching more sinister reasons for the about–face. They say
the CIA persuaded Obama to stay camped in Afghanistan for financial reasons. The spy agency
allegedly traffics Afghan heroin valued in the billions to bankroll its covert operations around the
world.
Add to that Afghanistan's one trillion dollars worth of proven gas and mineral reserves and you can
see why Washington insiders are keen to continue this "profit–driven resource war," says Prof
Michel Chossudovsky from the Centre for Research on Globalization (CRG).
Normally, you would dismiss such talk as conspiratorial mumbo–jumbo, but the tactical futility of
Obama's decision raises many questions. For one, nothing will change on the ground. This is not a
surge. American forces will keep to their training and advisory role. Of course, if 9800 American
soldiers could not prevent Kunduz from falling in September, how

Totalitarian Leaders: Stalin, Marx, and Mustapha Mond Essay
In the book Brave New World, the World Controllers control every aspect of life from the color the
citizens wear to the job that is assigned to each person. This is an example of a totalitarian
government. The word Totalitarian is defined as "An adjective of or having to do with a government
controlled by one political group which suppress all opposition, often with force, and which controls
many aspects of people's lives. A totalitarian government usually regulates what goods are produced
by industry, what radio and television programs are broadcast, what books people read, and other
severe controls on private life" (Barnhart 2210). There are many practices or philosophies of
totalitarian rulers such as no freedom of religion, speech, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Stalin like all rulers wanted and needed to gain the trust of the people. Stalin achieved gaining the
trust of the people by creating and enhancing the schools, homes, and hospitals (Caulkins 90). But
there was a down side to the education of the children. This helped the literacy rate rise from
nothing to equal to the rate of any western country. The children were taught to read but they did not
learn to think independently. Stalin's rule helped the Soviet Union. Under Stalin the territorial
boundaries expanded (Byers 393). Stalin also had to uphold his regime; if you were someone in
power like a factory owner, chief of the secret police, or a party official, you were given new cars,
clothes and homes to name a few (Caulkins 92). The bureaucracy got the majority of the privileges
that no other person could get. But Stalin never let them forget that what he gave he could also take
away (Caulkins 92). Though Stalin gave to the people of the Soviet Union, He also ruled using fear.
"Civilian crimes, such as robbery or killing your wife in a fit of rage, were dealt with in an orderly
and just fashion. But "crimes against the State," no matter how trivial, carried the threat of death."
(Caulkins 93) Stalin improved the condition of the Soviet Union so well that writers and reporters
tried to out praise each other when writing about

Vladimir Lenin And The Russian Revolution
Vladimir Lenin was the leader of the Russian revolution. Lenin's reason for writing "State and
Revolution" was to explain his view on Karl Marx's reasoning for a state and views on what the
proletariat, working class, should do during a revolution. The goal of a revolution such as this, a
communist revolution, is to give the power to the working people, which is to say that Lenin, similar
to Castro and Nkrumah, wants to be free from imperialism. Another is to Lenin's view on revolution
is that it can only be achieved through nationality and unity.(Lenin, "State and Revolution, page 22)
"The overthrow of bourgeois rule can be accomplished only by the proletariat, as the particular
class, which, by the economic conditions of its existence, is being prepared for this work and is
provided both with the opportunity and the power to perform it."(Lenin 23) He believes that a
revolution can only succeed with the use of violence from the proletariat against the party that is in
control.(Lenin, 22–23) "The replacement of the bourgeois by the proletarian state is impossible
without a violent revolution."(Lenin, 22) As a leader Lenin is an advocate of change. He is a
communist and believes in giving power to the people, mainly the proletariat.(Lenin 20) Kwame
Nkrumah, was the leader of Ghana first as Prime Minister then as President once they gained
independence from Great Britain. Nkrumah wrote "I speak of freedom: A statement of African
Ideology" in part because he

The Russian Revolution Of 1917
The Russian Revolution of 1917 brought with it the fall of 300 years of Romanov rule and marked
the beginning of the transition of Tsarism to Communism, from which Lenin established the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, succeeded by Stalin. The Revolution is worthy of investigation as it is
arguably the most significant event of the 20th century, considering that it helped shape many other
subsequent events such as the Second World War and the Cold War. The Bolsheviks' triumph can be
accounted to two reasons: the first being the weaknesses of autocracy leading to the fall of Tsarism;
the second the relative strengths of the Bolsheviks compared to the downfalls of the Provisional
Government, leading to the Bolshevik takeover. There were many reasons for the fall of Tsarism,
such as the backwardness of Russian society, the failure of the Tsar personally, and the autocratic
system of government which caused grievances amongst the people. The Russian public desired
political change, whether towards a more democratic society like 20th century Britain, or towards a
more socialist revolution in which power was returned to the people. When assessing the reasons as
to why Tsarism collapsed, it is crucial to look at the setting of early 19th century Russia, which
inevitably led to the Tsar's weaknesses in his control of the government.
Russia at this time was a backwards and provincial society: encompassing a vast expanse of
territory, the towns were underdeveloped and the

How Far Had the Bolsheviks Created a 'Totalitarian State'...
A totalitarian state, is a where the central government of a state does not tolerate any parties with
opposing views and exercises complete dictatorial rule over all or most aspects of life. Lenin, the
leader of the Bolsheviks, took many measures in an attempt to create a totalitarian state, including
the dissolution of Constituent Assembly, the use of decrees and the establishment of a secret police
group called the Cheka. However there were also some ways in which he failed to achieve full
totalitarianism. The most basic characteristics of a Totalitarian state, are lack of free speech and state
control over the media. This is important to establish social control over the state. Lenin's described
free speech as 'bourgeois prejudice', ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The creation of the secret police and the establishment of the gulags and labour camps, are signs that
Lenin had created a successful totalitarian state, and could assert physical control over the people.
The introduction of War Communism during the Russian Civil War, is evidence of Russian moving
towards a Totalitarian State. Many aspects of War communism were totalitarian in nature. For
instance the creation of a Supreme Economic Council, formed to take complete control over the
Russian highlights the central control over the most vital aspect of the state, that the Bolsheviks
enforced. Other measures include the requisitioning of excess grain from the Peasants. Many of
these policies were met with opposition, particularly among the agricultural peasants. This
opposition was in turn met with brutal force, which was another example of the nature of complete
state authority. War communism continued on until the end of the Civil war, by which time the
Bolshevik forces had succeeded in crushing all opposition. The success of the red forces meant that
Russia was a step closer in becoming a Totalitarian state, as they were now the most powerful party
in Russia, with complete control over all its territory. Upon the creation of the USSR, Lenin
introduced new rule that would ensure greater totalitarian control. Only communists would be able
to stand for the soviets, and so this meant that the communist party had the true control over the

The Success of the Bolsheviks in Gaining Power in Russia...
The Success of the Bolsheviks in Gaining Power in Russia by 1922
In February 1917, the Bolshevik party was small and irrelevant. The leadership was abroad and
there was little consistency of purpose among the party in Russia. However, by the summer of 1922,
the Bolsheviks had become the dominant force, and a new communist state had emerged from their
success. The purpose of this essay is to explain this transformation.
The abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and the collapse of the Romanov dynasty threw Russia into a
state of turmoil. The elites had withdrawn their support for the Tsar after a series of disastrous
defeats in the war and continued social and economic problems. In the wake of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the financial considerations, the Provisional Government felt obliged to continue the war
out of a sense of loyalty to Britain and France. In addition, they were reluctant to leave the war
without salvaging some prestige and pride from the current situation. They were still hopeful of an
allied victory. However, the decision to continue with the war was to prove extremely unfortunate. It
was unpopular, as there appeared to be few aims to the continued fighting. The government quickly
lost the support of a large proportion of the troops. These disillusioned peasants in uniform provided
excellent targets for Bolshevik propaganda. What is more, the Russian situation in the war worsened
and humiliating defeat began to loom large on the horizon.
Russia was a poverty stricken, backward power in 1917. It also had a majority peasant population.
The continuation of the war meant that the key issues of 'peace, bread and land' that Lenin so aptly
highlighted could not be addressed. Reforms and visible improvement in the peasant way of life
were vital if the government wished to gain their support and maintain its power.
However, revolutionary forces, suppressed under Tsarist Russia came to the surface under the new,
weaker and less repressive Provisional Government to create a body known as the Soviet. This body
created a

The Bolshevik Of The Soviet Revolution
The Bolsheviks success in the 1917 October revolution, gave them full power under the leadership
of Vladimir Lenin. Their aim after successfully overthrowing the Russian autocracy was to create a
socialist state. "His[Lenin's] view was that socialism should be a society where the working people
control their own fate, a society organized to benefit the vast majority. This view was the foundation
for Lenin's efforts in socialist construction." In order to create this society they; formed a new
socialist government; introduced the 'first stage' of communism– state capitalism; issued a decree on
land as promised in their manifesto and focused on industrialising and collectivising in order to
facilitate a socialist state. However, problems which may cause failure in the creation of a socialist
state include the civil war for slowing down progress, the introduction of the NEP– (a revert back to
capitalism?), the need to consolidate power and the brutal use of the red army.
The Bolshevik's first protocol was to create a socialist government. Lenin began by replacing the
government of the capitalist class with the rule of the working people. This new socialist
government was compiled of mass organizations called Soviets, councils democratically elected by
workers, peasants and soldiers. One of the key functions of the socialist government, in Lenin's
view, was guaranteeing democracy for the working people. As opposed to a capitalist government
which exists to ensure the

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka
"Franz Kafka is renowned for prophetic and profoundly enigmatic stories that portray human
degradation and cruelty." (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is said to be one of Franz Kafka's best works
of literature. It shows "the difficulties of living in a modern society and the struggle for acceptance
of others when in a time of need." (Bloom) The Metamorphosis is about a young man, Gregor
Samsa, who is transformed overnight into a bug. He soon becomes a disgrace to his family. After his
metamorphosis, his family goes through an even bigger change than Gregor. In this novel "Kafka
directly reflects upon many of the negative aspects of his personal life, both mentally and
physically." (Jiminez) "When comparing Franz Kafka and his personal life to The Metamorphosis it
is obvious in more ways than one that he was writing a twisted story of his life." (Breckman)
There are a few major ways in which Kafka put his life into parts of The Metamorphosis. Gregor's
room is similar to Kafka's Old Town Square where he watched everything from a window. "Gregor's
abusive relationship with his father parallels Kafka's relationship to his father." (Lawson) Kafka's
real father shares many characteristics with Gregor's father, such as being strict, overbearing and
abusive. Gregor's mother was scared and unsupportive towards Gregor paralleling Kafka's actual
mother who seemed very distant, and shy. All of these things are seen in The Metamorphosis.
So why did Kafka use parts of his identity and of his

Rise and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty
The Romanov Dynasty held the Russian Empire as one of the most powerful European states for
over three centuries. In 1917, during Nicholas II's contradictory reign, a revolution began that
transformed the empire into the first ever communist nation, replacing the infamous autocratic rule
and introducing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
The Russian people were ruled by an autocratic government since 1613 when the Romanov Dynasty
began. The government was run by the Tsar who had unlimited power over the rest of Russia. The
Tsar set up a system of government involving an imperial council, a small cabinet of ministers and a
senate; all of which were implemented as personal advisers and delegates. The Tsar had control over
who was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By 1916, dissatisfaction within Russian monarch had reached boiling point. Rasputin was murdered
by the Tsar's own cousins and the majority of the parliament and upper classes 'were no longer
willing to meet expectations of loyalty, respect and patriotism.'
Even though the Russian Revolution transpired quite suddenly, the foundations of it may have
started centuries earlier. Since the 1700s, the ideas of European regime had begun to influence the
minds of Russian citizens. Lower classes began to believe in democratic rights and equality,
newspapers and books spread concepts about universal rights and many believed in a future with a
just ruler and a more cultured society.
From the 1800s, the Russian monarchy gradually became weaker and increasingly fragile. After the
death of Alexander I in 1825, a group of Decembrists made up of thousands of soldiers seized
advantage of a succession issue and demanded reforms plus a written constitution. This displayed a
hint of light and prompted many to rethink the government system and their place within the
hierarchy. Then after the death of Nicholas I in 1855, Alexander II rose to power and was referred to
as the 'great liberator' after emancipating the Russian serfs in 1861. While the act earned Alexander
public affection and respect, it angered landowners, created an economic crisis and also

The Soviet Union Essay
The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union sparked its first paths of development towards a communist economy through a
five–year plan in 1938. The plan called for government controls and government regulation for their
workers. This planned also controlled prices and wages for the workers to control the standard of
living and to keep the needs of the common man minimal. The government wanted control of all
private industries so that they can push for a rapid industrial society. Benefits such as health care and
public housing were terminated to help the Soviet government with their plan. The Soviets wanted
to combine their work force with their investments in coal, steel and iron to boost their capital and
help them create a super nation. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gorbachev was still trying for economic reforms. Small business enterprises began to branch out
and with new laws in place more businesses were in control of themselves without that much
government regulations. These businesses folded and inflation became a horrid realization for the
soviets. The soviet economic plan was failing and was not showing any signs of revival. It was not
until the breaking up of the Soviet Union in the early 90's where the Soviet economy would show
signs of hope.
Compared to the theories of Marx, the Soviet Union did not begin their economic development in
the way, which Marx theorized. He believed that the economy needed to be collectively ran and
owned rather than in private hands. He also believed that education should be free for all children in
public schools and that benefits for workers should be in place. His overall ideas were
that…"The revolutionary overthrow of capitalism and the Bourgeoisie state by a mass up
rising of the urban working class, the Proletariat". (Nagle, J.pg.156) At times, the Soviet society had
beliefs of Marxism and economic reforms were beginning to align in a conceptual sense. During the
destalinization period the beliefs were beginning to give back to the working man and uses of new
strategies to help overall production arose and thus helped the economy. During the period of the
five–year plan the Soviet Unions economic and political structure was almost totally different

The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a product of growing agitation within Russia as a result of
various factors, both internally and externally of Russia. The detachment of the Tsar to the wants
and needs of the people, in concurrence with their involvement in World War One, led to an uprising
and revolution. Many historians describe the outcomes of this revolution using Marxist theory,
explaining the key ideologies that come in to play as the revolution comes to an end and the newly
established Bolshevik government, led by Vladimir Lenin, decides how the nation will be run.
Marxism is a socialist ideology that is derived from the workings of Karl Marx and Fredrick Engles.
Marxism discusses how society functions in a political and economical way, as well as looking in to
the structure of class and class struggle within a society. Marxists also believe that history follows a
distinct order, suggesting that primitive societies will develop a system using slavery, adopt the
feudal system, industrialise and become a capitalist society, and ultimately becoming a socialist
nation . To truly follow Marxism correctly, a nation must become capitalist before they can move on
to the next stage of history. Andrew Heywood makes a point of highlighting the importance of
following historical progress by stating that "the core of classical Marxism– the Marxism of Marx–
is a philosophy of history that outlines why capitalism is doomed and why socialism is bound to
replace it" . This quote

Russia 1917, harsh working conditions, famine, and all power to one leader. Russia was living in
discord presumably through political oppression, furthermore, political oppression inspires violence
and terrorism. It affects daily residents because they're under control of whoever is in charge.
Terrorism tears people apart. The Russian Revolution in 1917 started because of the political
oppression and ended in a dictatorship because humans are power hungry. It also continues to leave
citizens with anxiety and stress and they can't trust any leaders. Political oppression affects daily
residents because we trust our will take care of us and when the leader is corrupt, people react with
violence and terrorism. When these things happen in extreme measures, it becomes utter chaos. But
political oppression can happen in the smallest ways. When I was in fifth grade. The teacher abused
her power by locking me in a room for 45 minutes and my classmates were very angry at this
injustice. To clarify this statement, I will explain furthermore. I was having conflict with another girl
in my grade, let 's call her Em. I had already went to my teacher and the principal of the school
about the issue because she would make fun of me and spread rumors. Em told the guidance
counselor her side of the story and when I was sent to resolve this issue, the counselor wouldn't
allow me to speak. In fact, she told me (I quote), "I don't like your character". Of course when you're
ten years old and

Brief Note On Karl Marx, German Philosopher And Economist

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