Substantive Scientific Testimony

Substantive Scientific Testimony
How a Federal Court Decides On the Admissibility of Scientific Testimony
Both substantive law and procedural law application play a part in establishing whether a scientific
testimony will be allowed in a federal court. The substantive law establishes whether the scientific
theory in question is connected with a case in an important and acceptable way. On the other hand,
the procedural law determines whether a scientific testimony has enough basis for it to be deemed
useful in establishing factual and legal issues in a court case. Federal courts apply the substantive
laws of the states that they are in. Since substantive laws vary from state to state, the admissibility of
scientific testimony about substantive law also depends on that ... Show more content on
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According to Hodgson and Dearborn, they pointed out that though human evidence of an
association between mycotoxins and human health is anecdotal and based on case reports and series,
the standards generally regarded as evidence in environmental medicine are met, including
controlled studies in animals, the development of animal models with diseases that parallel the
human experience, and studies of the mycotoxins at subcellular levels (Hodgson and Dear born,
2002 and references therein). There is a need for physical examinations and diagnostic as
environmental–related. For example, S. chartarum produces tricothecene mycotoxins that produce a
deadly cytotoxic syndrome by shutting down protein synthesis when concentrated. They are unique
among biological toxins relative to chemical toxins. Trichothecene mycotoxins associated with
poorly ventilated buildings and contaminated buildings by ELISA assays. However, pulmonary
hemorrhagic and hemosiderosis occurred in a hospital nursery and investigator concluded it was due
to heavy mold growth in the building. Several years later, investigator retracted and reviewed of this
case because of quality of evidence insufficient to conclude an association. A growing body of
evidence supports that S. charatrum may be the cause of epidemic and isolated case of pulmonary
hemorrhage and hemosiderosis in infant lungs
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Psychology Is The Study Of An Organism 's Behavior And...
Psychology is the study of an organism's behaviour and mental processes and how they are effected
by the organism's mental and physical environment. Psychology takes into consideration one's
sensation and perception; consciousness; learning; memory; thinking, reasoning and language; and
emotions and motivation. In an effort to fully understand these complex ideas, I experimented with
visual and auditory impairment.
I stimulated my visual impairment by tying a blind fold over my eyes in a relatively comfortable
place and making sure minimal light got through. For the first half hour, I wondered around the
house to get comfortable with my vision impairment. I went from the first floor of my house to the
fourth floor on my own with no external help. On my way back up, I was given challenges to find
certain things and to bring them to a certain area. As I did these tasks, I sensed that someone was
close to me or in my social or intemet proximity; when anything happened, I was susceptible to the
little noises I heard, and reacted immediately. This was orienting response.
As I was walking back up to the first floor, I had to relearn some of my visual strategies to adapt
with my current situation. For example, one challenge was to find a specific type of body cream. I
completed the challenge based on the feel of the bottle. This was almost recalling my latent learning.
This was one of the many situations that made me realize how much I rely on my tactile sense after
my vision. As

Peter Unger's Argument For Skepticism
Do you ever wonder if you know anything for certain? For example, have you ever wondered
whether you are truly alive or if life is only a dream one simply cannot wake up from? In his
argument for skepticism, Peter Unger, states that "nobody ever knows anything to be so" (Unger, Pg.
42). According to Unger's argument one simply cannot know anything about anything. One cannot
know oneself, the world, or others. One does not know pain nor pleasure. One simply does not know
anything. Through the use of different methods, however, one can indeed know things about oneself,
the world, and others in contrast to what Peter Unger's argument for skepticism states.
In order to understand Unger's argument for skepticism and why it can't be an accepted argument,
one must first understand what the argument he is trying to pose is, his reason for posing such an
argument, and what knowledge and skepticism are. According to the justified true belief, knowledge
is something one believes, is true, and one can be justified in believing it (Class Notes). There are
two types of skepticism: extreme skepticism and external world skepticism. Extreme skepticism is
the view that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One method one can know things about themselves is through the senses. One can see and feel that
one has two arms, two eyes, a nose, a mouth, etc. One can also hear oneself when talking and smell
oneself after a workout. If someone really wanted to, one could even taste themselves. One can also
feel pain when one breaks a bone or when one is heartbroken. Similarly one can know love and hate,
happiness and sadness, and hope and disbelief. Another method one can know things about
themselves is through skill knowledge. For example, one can say that one knows how to play an
instrument. One can and should know things about oneself in order to have individualism and prove
to oneself that one is

What Is The Round Robin Argumentative Essay
The Round Robin Standing in the Brown County Fair Swine barn arena, I stood in line with seven
other girls waiting to hear the results. Our hands were drenched in sweat as the announcer
complimented us on a job well done. The crowd stomped their feet as a drum roll, "And our grand
champion is..."
The round robin is a livestock show at the Brown County Fair where kids 7th grade and older show
a variety of different animals. It's a large showmanship contest where a person is judged on how
they show the animal. My best friend had signed me up for it. "I signed you and Abby up for the
round robin," she said.
"Ugh," I complained, " I'm terrible at showmanship."
"Well too bad." she laughed.
This year had a new twist to the contest. We had to show beef, sheep, swine, and rabbits, but we
couldn't show our own animals. Abby, Mikayla, and I walked around the barns to find animals to
show. We went to beef first. "Hey Brooke, can we show three of your cows for round robin?" we
asked in unison.
"Of course. They're all pretty tame."
"Thanks!" We practice for about 30 minutes and then moved to our next animals. We didn't have to
practice with sheep and swine because we already know how to show them, so we went to rabbits,
"Hey Winston, can we show your rabbits for round robin?"
"Yeah, you can have the 3 on the end." He said.
"Thanks, we'll come by later to practice." After we got our animals and practiced, we got ready for
the show.
Beef was up first and I was terrified. A cow is

Difference Between Object Oriented And Object-Driven...
Unit 6 Assignment by Ali Shafiq
(P1–P2)
In programming, there are three different types of paradigms that we use in programming. And they
are procedural, object–oriented and event–driven programming paradigms.
Procedural Language
Procedural programming is a programming paradigm which is derived from structured
programming and it is based upon the concept of the procedure call such as where you can keep a
record of procedure call programs. It's also a list or set of instructions telling a computer what to do
step by step. Also tell the computer how to perform from the first code to the second code. The
program can be broken into procedures or subroutines or functions such as Anglo, C and Pascal.
Procedural programming uses a list of instruction to tell the computer what to do step by step. It
relies on procedures, routines and sub–routine. The procedural contents of capitation of steps to be
carry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Object–oriented programming is a programming language model organized around objects. And it
represents the concept of object that has data fields. The Object–oriented programming is a type of
language that is oriented around objects. They do not base their action on the logic that manipulate
the object, but on object.
By using object–oriented, you can solve problems. The object–oriented language is a type of
programming that is kept in a single unit called object. Meaning that the only way user can access
the data is by using the objects methods. This can insure that the user will be incapable of corrupting
the object and also internal working can be changed without corrupting the code using the object.
Some of the limitations for this programming language are that you have to do most of the task
manually. Object oriented programming is also limited with low amount of functions as comparing
to low programming that interacts directly with hardware.

Reflection of How to Fire Your Mother and How it Relates...
"How to fire your mother" is a short interview between the representative of Markkula Center for
Applies Ethics and Kevin Beals, the CFO, and Bryan Wargo, the CEO of Nearby system. They both
graduated from college in 1995 and had 15 years of experience in working in Silicon Valley. The
video is 6:35 minutes length and you can watch it at this link http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=GKFb2A0U–mg&index=40&list=PL4AE76B235A9EB6FE In this video, Bryan Wargo thinks
that we spend more time with people at work than with people we actually care about so why not
bringing friends and family members to the office. When people get emotional connections with
each other, they tend to conduct work more efficiently. However, working with friends has pros and
cons; you have to be able to deal with personal issues and keep it outside your work place. If there is
a disagreement within the company, they will talk and find out the resolution. It is necessary to
know what your role is in the company to give the best decision for everyone. Bryan also shares his
story when the company faces a downside and he has to fire his mother. Even though it is not an
easy decision but he has to do it for the sack of the company. I am choosing this video because it is
also related to my own life experience. I used to work for my auntie's nail shop throughout my four
years in high school and I have seen a lot of issues when working in a family–owned business. As
many people known, nail shops are usually family

Police Procedurals In The Echo Park
The Interference of the personal with the professional: Michael Connelly's The Echo Park Michael
Connelly's The Echo Park is the twelfth book in the police procedural series featuring Los Angeles
detective 'Hieronymus' Harry Bosch. Police procedurals as the name suggests highlight the workings
of the methodology in the police department and the position of the investigator as an official
functioning within the procedures of this system. Although, the position of an official within the
Police Establishment privileges the investigator, it also acts as a constraint. In police procedurals,
the institution acts as an authoritative figure that restricts, and it shows the conflict within the self,
where the police official, who functions as the detective, is torn between the individual sense of
justice ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dove says that police procedurals feature a special kind of channel, wherein the inter–
communication between the departments takes on an unauthorized turn with the investigator having
a personal friend strategically located in a position to supply accurate information away from the
official record (58). In The Echo Park, Rachael Walling is an FBI agent, where her involvement with
the Gesto case comes only through her relationship with Bosch. In fact, the case is supposed to be
under the confidentiality of a few members and the interference of the FBI is a strict prohibition.
She helps him do the psychological analysis of Waits and she uses her influence to bring out the
juvenile file of Waits from the DCFS office without the court order. She is also the love interest of
Bosch. Apart from the personal relationship, throughout the novel both of them work as partners to
solve the mystery. Being secluded from his department, because of 'home duty', which in simpler
terms means temporary suspension, Walling is the only person who supports him to continue with
the case. In terms of both personal and professional support, she is the only person Bosch can reach

Changing Nature of Television Crime Drama Essay
"There are too many cop shows and they are becoming all the same. The same stories, the same
lighting, the same camerawork, same dead bodies."
– Peter Ansorge, 1997.
Given the diversity of concepts and setting of crime dramas currently being produced this comment
may or may not seem as convincing as it may have been when authored.
Take one crime drama series and investigate the respects in which it both: 1) reworks established
crime drama formula and conventions; and 2) offers novelty in terms of such aspects as concept,
characterisations, episode structure and visual style.
In 1997, Senior Commissioning Editor for Drama on channel four in Britain, Peter Ansorges', made
the comment, that there were too many crime dramas, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Meaning achieved through symbiosis between ideological assumption and dramatic structure
(MacMurraugh–Kavanagh, 2000).
The classic "detective story'' tends to involve a detective(s) piecing together evidence from a crime
and finding the perpetrator. The offender generally confesses and surrenders to authorities, (Sutton,
Britts & Landman). The traditional "trial narrative", like the Perry Mason stories, often follow two
simple scenarios; either a key prosecution witness breaks down under the pressure admitting that
they are the actual villain, or the defence present a surprise witness or key evidence which highlights
the real criminal, (Sutton, Britts & Landman). Conventional crime drama invokes crime as the very
mainspring of its action; therefore it tends to build up tension in terms of pure conflict of
uncertainties, (Thompson, 1959).
The concept of joining these two narratives was previously seen in the 1963 series, Arrest and Trial
also used the technique of two shows in one, (www.allyourtv.com). However "Arrest and Trial" was
different on a couple of counts. It was a 90–minute drama, an anomalous amount of time even tat in
that era, secondly the way the crime was covered also differed.
Arrest and Trial, starred

My Ride Along Reflection On The New York City Civil Court
My Ride Along Reflection
On Tuesday, 25th October, 2016 I shadowed Judge Lisa A. Sokoloff in her position as a judge on the
New York City Civil Court at 111 Center Street. In her courtroom, a small claims court, one party is
represented by an attorney and the other party is generally self–represented, and the claims of
damages are only allowed to total $25,000 or less. Generally, cases are settled in preference to
moving further into the trial phase, in what is called a settlement conference and then allocated on
the record.
However, there are a few occasions where, because of the excessive entanglement between the
individuals and resulting personal emotions, settlements are much harder to reach. Judge Sokoloff
shined and used her art of mediation and influencing here, effectively allowing the parties before her
to compromise. I was surprised by her very efficient and very effective use of the mediation tactic;
so much so, that it has in fact influenced me a great deal. Firstly, the experience showed me the
importance of mediation, and its efficiency within the legal process. Secondly, the experience
instilled in me the importance of a legal practitioner's temperament, and the effect that it can have on
the judicial process. Thirdly, and probably the most impacting of the points was, the experience
allowed me to realize that I was not as far off in my understanding of the legal field as I initially
believed, rather intellectually I was able to relate to many of the

Police Procedural In The Short Story By George Simenon
What classifies a story as a good police procedural? What even makes a story a police procedural?
Along with many other stories in The Longman Anthology of Detective Fiction, the short story
written by georges Simenon portrays a police procedural and contain the attributes necessary to
make the story a police procedural. Inspector maigret deuces by George Simenon fell in this
category as it meets the requirements. The story revolves itself around the killing of Otto Braun who
was a jewish banker. Braun was killed on a train with a needle by one of the passengers. A police
procedural requires the author to focus on realism. The story could've been true given how it is
written. George Simenon wrote this story as if it actually happened, ... Show more content on
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A police procedural on the contrary places the detective in the middle of a working police force,
where he or she must abide by the rules and regulations established by the law. This was shown
during the questioning of the suspects on the train. Had it been a freelance detective he would use
threat and force to get the people on the train to speak. The police procedural was conducted in a
formal and lawfull fashion, where Maigret questions the passenger on the train one by one to get as
much info as possible to catch the killer of Braun. Solving the crime in a police procedural is a
matter of teamwork, and the answer to most cases comes from an accumulation of information.
Maigret wasn't alone, in fact he was called at around three in the morning by his nephew Paul
Vinchon to help with the investigation. Maigret and Vinchon worked as one gathering as much info
as possible, finally after much running around they sat down and planned to catch the murderer who
had been denying her guiltiness. Had ipt been just Maigret he could have figured it out all by
himself but that would have taken a while, much longer than it took. Working as a team allows
everyone a different job thus speeding the process. The murders are usually not cleverly plotted
puzzles; they are violent, messy, and committed for any number of reasons. This murder was very
messy, the body wasn't even disposed, it was just left on the train, the murder weapon was not
disposed either. The

Infant Trauma
There are many types of trauma that people experience everyday in our world. People can do awful
things to each other, including violence, abuse, and neglect. Accidents happen that leave us feeling
distressed. Some threaten our sense of safety and connection. These are all experiences that take
time to heal and recover from. We must find a way to reconcile the life we had before it happened
and the life as we know it after a tragic event. The pain of the memories alone can be devastating. It
takes time and support to find a sense of self again, to feel safe in the world again. But what if the
trauma happened before life ever really began? Is there any lasting effect on a person that was
merely an infant when the trauma was experienced? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other form of memory is declarative memory (also known as "explicit" or "late" memory). It
stores sequential and contextual events, as well as factual knowledge that can be articulated (Paley
& Alpert, 2003). Procedural memories are also described and indelible and are, therefore, engraved
in your brain and body for life. Other types of memories that are described in more detail and are
classified as non–verbal are categorized as behavioral memory, somatic–somatosensory memory,
and visual memory. Behavioral memories can be seen in play therapy where the child will actually
be able to act out their experiences with dolls. Somatic–somatosensory memory presentation is
particularly relevant to traumatized newborns or very young infants, who may perceive trauma
predominantly as concrete sensory perceptions (Paley & Alpert, 2003). All of this research tells me
that we need to broaden out ways of thinking of memory. It is not simply a process in which, if you
can tell me what happened, then you remember it, if you can't, then you simply have no memory of
the event. As we have discussed in class and in Discussion Board, your body remembers. It makes
sense that we can extend this concept to "pre–memory" infancy or childhood. To consider the impact
these traumatic events can have on a person's life, we must investigate how they can change
development. Paley and Alpert

Difference Between Straight Programming And...
Procedural Programing Assignment 1
Question 1
1.1. The two programming paradigms we get is Object–Orientated and Procedural. To understand
what they are we need to explain what each are and how they operate and what are the strengths and
weaknesses of each. Now Procedural Programming languages are referred to as straight
programming taking on a read from the top to the end method, whereas Object–Oriented
programming use objects and classes. Procedural takes on applications by solving problems from
using a top to down way reading the problem from the start and going through everything until the
program is finished at the end (Eliason, 2015).
So to see the scope of the two is to go into detail of what each does and how they function. Now
Procedural you will provide step by step instructions and the program will run through everything
throughout the process and solve the problem. Procedural was mainly used in the earlier
programming languages, like COBOL or C (Gaddis, 2016). Object–Oriented languages use a
different way of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An OOP language can use a group of objects that will send message when they are called for a
request for a specific service or information. Objects is able to pass or receive messages or process
information in the form of data. The reason we use OOP is that it makes maintaining code easier and
faster to change and modify existing code. That mean we cut down on development time and
changing the programme much easier. Also Object–Orientated Programming is more efficient at
memory management, and thus makes it more effective towards Procedural, where you must
manage your own memory usage.
So in short Object–oriented programming uses data fields and Procedural Programming use
procedures (Elisason,2015).
Object–Oriented Programming Languages. Procedural Programming

What Is Procedural Programming Paradigm
Task 1
What is Procedural Programming Paradigm?
In Information Technology(IT) jargon Programming is termed as an innovative process where the
computer receives instructions how to perform a task as per the requirement or solving a specific
problem.
The various ways of attending to the process of programming is known as programming paradigms.
Majority of programming language comes under one paradigm; contrary to this one could observe
some languages having elements of multiple paradigms. Paradigm is a way where a specific code is
arranged. A code comprises various commands or instructions there in relation to functions and or
procedures.
Most vital programming paradigms can be listed as Procedural paradigms and the object – oriented
paradigms.
Key ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a particular programme is taken into consideration you may find variables in it. This variable
will be mainly applicable or belongs to that particular function and this is called a local variable.
When variables are need within and outside the function is known to be a global variable.
Produces
Produces are some times called sub programme, routine or method which relates to sequence of
orders to carry out the task.
The main types of Programming Paradigm.
Out of the vast numbers of programming paradigms that are available, the following are know to be
some of the main types.
1. Functional
2. Logical
3. Imperative
4. Object oriented
Functional
In this type of programming which are considered as a subset of declarative programming. The use
of expressions take place and programs created using this paradigm use functions based on the
particular input or the instructions which are provided to the computer.
Eg: Haskell
Logical
Logical paradigm use steps or instructions where are based on solving problems such as
computation as automated reasoning over a body of

Effective Training: Systems Strategies and Practices Essay
TEST BANK FOR
EFFECTIVE TRAINING: SYSTEMS STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES
CHAPTER ONE
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is evidence supporting the assertion that companies are investing in more
training?
A) Higher net sales per employee
B) Higher gross profits per employee
C) Higher ratios of market to book value
D) Both A & B
E) All of the above (easy; p.4)
2. In an open system model which of the following statements is not true?
A) Open systems have a dynamic relationship with their environment.
B) Open systems may exist as part of another open system.
C) The system is open to influences from its environment.
D) Inputs are transformed into outputs through a process.
E) All of the above are true.(moderate, p.4–5) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
17. Which of the following career paths best prepares a trainer for a supervisory or coordinator
position? (moderate, p. 16)
A) Several years experiences in a specific function
B) Working in a line position
C) Rotation through various specialist positions
D) None of the above
E) All of the above
18. Learning is defined as
A) a temporary change in cognition that results from experience and may influence behavior.
B) a relatively permanent change in understanding and thinking that results from experience and
directly influences behavior. (easy; p.18)
C) a relatively permanent change in understanding and thinking that models behavior.
D) a temporary change in understanding and thinking.
E) a relatively permanent change in cognition that results from self efficacy and indirectly

influences behavior. 19. The Authors use the acronym KSA to refer to what?
A) Keep, simple, and attitude
B) Knowledge, skills, and attitudes (easy; p.18)
C) Knowledge, strategy, and aptitude
D) Know, strategy, always
20. Knowledge is composed of which three interrelated types?
A) Declarative, practical, and strategic
B) Declarative, practical, and skill
C) Compilation, automatic, and strategic
D) Declarative, procedural, and strategic (easy; p.18–19)
E) None of the above
21. A person's store of factual information about a subject matter is
A) procedural knowledge.
B) strategic knowledge.
C) declarative knowledge. (easy; p.18)
D) practical knowledge.
22. A

Examples Of Constructive Nature Of Memory
1.0 THE CONSTRUCTIVE NATURE OF MEMORY
1.1 DEFINITION
The constructive nature of memory holds that we use a variety of information such as perceptions,
beliefs and attitude to fill in gaps, and that the accuracy of our memory may be altered.
1.2 DISCUSSION
In this part, we will conclude what is constructive nature of memory and some of the examples of
how it works.
I. What is the Constructive Nature of Memory
Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences. Rather, it is dependent on the constructive
processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions.
Essentially, the constructive memory process functions by encoding the patterns of physical
characteristics that are perceived by the individual, as well as the interpretive conceptual and ...
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The Examples on how the Constructive Nature of Memory works
A study by Addis et al in which participants were scanned while they were either remembering a
past experience or imagining an event that might occur in the future. Addis et al divided each of
these tasks into two phases. In the initial construction phase, participants generated either a
remembered or an imagined event in response to a cue word (example, "dress") and made a button–
press when they had an event in mind, which typically required about 7 or 8 seconds. In the
immediately following elaboration phase, participants generated as much detail as possible about the
remembered or imagined event.
The most striking finding was that brain activity was highly similar during remembering the past
and imagining the future. This overlap was most apparent during the elaboration phase, when
participants focused on generating details about the remembered or imagined event. A core network
of brain regions that had previously been implicated in the retrieval of episodic memories, and has
also been linked to a variety of internally driven cognitive processes showed common activation
during both remembering and

Declarative Memory Essay
How the Brain Learns As Sousa (2017) states, "Learning is the process by which we acquire new
knowledge and skills; memory is the process by which we retain the knowledge and skills for the
future" (p. 86, 87). A person has the ability to learn many things throughout his/her lifetime.
Research states that a person can store unlimited amounts of information in forms of memory.
Declarative and non–declarative are two different types of memory that people use to learn and
grasp new concepts. Both of these types of memory are used in order for a person to gain
knowledge, develop habits, and build muscle memory. Declarative Memory. Declarative memory
describes the remembrance of facts, names, objects, and music. Declarative memory is used in ...
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Although, some of the categories can be challenged with research, most researchers would agree on
the breakdown of these categories. Procedural memory involves any type of memory that is learned
through motor and cognitive skills. These types of memory can include riding a bike, driving a car,
and knowing a procedure such as a morning ritual or habit. One can do these skills without thinking
too much about the activity. For example, when one first started driving, one was focused on the
brake and the gas as well as driving with both hands on the wheel. After a person learns how to
drive, one may forget that he/she was driving or gave no thought on what to do at a stop light. This
also applies to things such as reading, writing, and differentiating various types of colors. Although
there may be some thinking involved, the majority of the time one is simply using procedural
memory to complete these tasks. Perceptual representation system can be a part of the procedural
memory but has a slight difference. Perceptual representation can be described as the ability to put
together fragmented words and to tell whether a picture/thing can exist in the real world (Sousa,
2017). As Sousa (2017) states, "Classical conditioning (also called Pavlovian conditioning) occurs
when a

The Research On Academic Performance
Abstract
The purpose was to determine what metacognition was and how it affects us. The two hypothesis of
this paper were: uncertainty about academic performance is negatively related to the overall
metacognitive awareness inventory (MAI) score and that the MAI factor Knowledge about
cognition is more highly related to uncertainty about academic performance when compared to the
MAI factor Regulation of cognition. Students in a first year undergraduate psychology class filled
out surveys to determine their MAI scores and rated their uncertainty of academic performance on a
scale from 0–100. The results for this experiment ended up supporting the hypothesis in that
uncertainty was negatively related to the overall MAI score and the MAI factor knowledge of
cognition was more highly related to uncertainty. This means that most of the participants tended to
perform better when they were aware of metacognition.
Introduction
What is metacognition? The common definition is ones ability to reflect upon, understand, control
one's learning (Schraw & Dennison, 1994), refer to knowledge about cognition (Schraw, 2009) and
recognize successful cognitive processing (Fleming, 2014). Metacognition can be broken down into
two categories, knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition (Schraw & Dennison, 1994).
Metacognition can be measured in many different ways. A few measures that are used are absolute
accuracy, relative accuracy, bias, scatter, and

The Doctrine Of Stare Decisis : Brown V. Board Of Education
Midterm Exam
Question 1:
Stare Desis is Latin for "Standing by decided matter." According to the Legal Dictionary, the
doctrine of stare decisis also known as the precedent law, began in 12th century England, when King
Henry II established the common law. According to stare decisis the decisions of a higher court,
such as an appellate court, or Supreme Court become obligatory stare decisis, on lower courts which
means that whatever the higher courts say is usually what the lower courts have to follow. It is a rare
thing for the Supreme Court to overturn one of its own decisions that has been held as binding
precedent. In 1896, the U.S. Supreme Court made a landmark decision in the case of Plessy v.
Ferguson, when it looked at the case that allowed racial segregation in public facilities. This
decision held stare decisis for nearly 60 years, until the case of Brown v. Board of Education was
heard in 1953. Brown v. Board of Education was a case that took place 1951. In the case thirteen
parents filed a civil law suit in U.S. District Court in Topeka, Kansas, regarding their 20 children.
The plaintiffs, which is the parents of the children, demanded that the school district take away its
policy of racial segregation that was set by the landmark case Plessy v. Ferguson which stated that
the children would have separate facilities but would still be equal (which they never really were).
After a long and unsuccessful road with the lower courts, the case was taken to the U.S.

What Is Your Minecraft Username?
Minecraft Username: youssef123 (What is your Minecraft username?) Age: I am 15 Years old (Your
Age) Date of Birth: 15/11/2001 (DD/MM/YY) Country: Egypt (What Country are you from?)
Timezone: Cairo (UTC +2:00) (State the Timezone of your country.) Language(s): Arabic , English
and French (Tell us what Languages that you speak fluently.) Availability: 5 Hours Daily (State how
much time can you dedicate towards the server on a daily basis.) Have you ever been Banned?: Yes,
however, the ban was false and it was caused by Pika's Anti Cheat. (Yes/No, Please explain your
punishment history in detail.) Server: Practice. Experience: In Minecraft: I have never had the
chance to moderate a Minecraft Network, but I joined Pika–Network almost a year ago and I am
confident in my knowledge within the server. I have played all of the Network's gamemodes and
was able to help several players along the way with crafting recipes, gameplay information and
other topics. In addition to helping players, I have had the chance to report PvP–hackers throughout
my year on Pika; my hacker reports are sent directly to online staff on Teamspeak or Discord so that
the situation is taken care of immediately. I have studied multiple languages including French, with
which I am able to help translate content to players. During the time that I am on Pika, I always keep
an eye out for any players that don't abide the rules and intentionally break them. My experiences
range from understanding the numerous

Physical, Cognitive, And Health Aspects Of Aging
Just recently I learned about physical, cognitive, and health aspects of aging. Along with that, I
learned that some diseases may be prevented with simple exercise and healthy eating, while others
are unavoidable. Certainly, last week's topics were interesting and optimistic as they raise awareness
to healthy habits can lead to a better quality of life. Since then, I have taken some steps to become
healthier, by being more active. What's fascinating, is that I am learning more about myself and can
therefore, apply this knowledge in my personal life and employment. Upon examining the titles for
this week's topics, it seems that we are going to delve into what psychology is most known for, the
study of the mind and how that plays a role with intelligence, personality, memory, and identity. I
am expecting to learn about the different types of memory and the process behind it, but most
importantly learn about different types of personalities and how that's determined.
Memory is vital in cognition, as the absence of long term memory is like loosing the information
stored on a computer (Ziegler, 2014, para. 2). I couldn't imagine life without long term memory.
There are different parts to memory, such as long term memory and short term memory. Long term
memory is further broken down to explicit and implicit memory. Interestingly, I learned that through
the use of implicit memory, specifically procedural memory, is the reason behind why I was able to
ice skate recently, after not

Summary Of By The Waters Of Babylon
The Truth and Knowledge
In "By the Waters of Babylon," by Stephen Vincent Benét, set in a future following the destruction
of industrial civilization, the story is narrated by a young man who is the son of a priest. The priests
of John's people,"the hill people," are inquisitive people associated with the divine. They are the
only ones who can handle metal collected from the home's "also known as the Dead Places" of
long–dead people whom they believe to be god's. Truth and knowledge are displayed as a role for
priests to know and not everyone else; because, of consequences that could happen if someone
knows too much. Truth and knowledge are only controlled by priests to keep everyone in the village
safe; so, no one knows the truth about the gods or anything else that will let society fall to pieces.
The narrator's journey and discoveries reveal that the not all knowledge is true. This discovery will
influence his knowledge and actions for the remainder of his life.
The way Benet uses the "truth" is by giving certain people like the priest's information to control the
society in which they live in. On John's journey for truth and knowledge, he makes the highly
significant discovery that the Place of the Gods was just a city, and that the Gods themselves were
not actually gods; in fact, they were men, just like him and his people. He knew this; because, when
he walked into the hot room, he saw the dead god sitting in his chair, watching his city die out of the
window, while

The And The Crimes
Likewise, Amburgey was so overcome with hate that he sabotages evidence of the crimes. At the
end of the text Amburgey's action are discovered, "We discovered it was Amburgey breaking into
the OCME computer [...] He realized the leak [could not] have been from my office. But he so
desperately wanted it to be, he altered the record to make it appear that way [...] One sin lead to
another" (Cornwell 437). Amburgey never got past Scarpetta, a woman, correcting him on a mistake
in a public way. Once he found a way to discard her he could not stop. He was overcome by hatred
that he was willing to compromise the evidence from the crimes. It did not matter to him that his
interference could compromise the entire case, what mattered was making Scarpetta look
incompetent. Therefore, the text has a positive view of females by having men do more atrocious
acts while overcome with emotion. Similarly, Marino was so irrational and stubborn he would not
look past the husband as a possible suspect in the crimes. Before taking Scarpetta to see the police
tapes he went back to Peterson to harass him once more, "When I dropped by the other day he [did
not] invite me in. Just stood in the doorway like a damn barricade [...] Peterson said the polygraph
cleared him, said I was harassing him" (Cornwell 399). Almost to the end of the text Marino believe
it is Peterson who committed the crimes. Marino could have been as informed as Scarpetta if he had
opened up his mind to more possible suspects. Like

The Changes in Police and Crime Drama Over Time Essay
The Changes in Police and Crime Drama Over Time
Crime drama has always been featured as one of the most popular genres of our society. However
over the year's crime drama has been changed and adapted to fit into different times. Many aspects
of crime drama have been changed such as camera shots, seriousness of crimes and police
language/jargon in order for crime drama to change with the times, become more realistic and retain
its former popularity.
Throughout time many crime programmes featured on T.V have changed through Media language
(Iconography, editing, camerawork and music). The Bill, first created in 1984 featured a lot of
Iconography. At the start of the title sequence the camera focuses ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Camera shots and editing have also changed. Older title sequences of the Bill used long camera
shots, which were not varied and were focused on a particular person. However over the years as
technology has improved the title sequences have become faster paced and use shorter and varied
camera shots that create feelings of excitement and tension for the viewer.
Music has also changed. The original title sequence (1984) featured reggae style music and used off
beat instruments. This suggested that the programme was based in a multi–cultural area. The music
in the late 80's was more upbeat and faster paced, however it featured the same theme tune. The
music in the mid 90's was jazzy and sophisticated. Music has become more upbeat due to changes of
personalities in society. However the theme tune has remained the same in order for people of
different times to identify the programme as a long remaining classic.
The storylines of each title sequence have also changed over time. In the original title sequence we
do not see the police's face. This indicates that the main emphasis of the programme is on the job of
the police rather than their characters. The slow moving music and camera shots convey the sense
that the programme does not feature dangerous crimes but simple crimes such as theft or burglary.
However the late 80's title sequence shows clips of

Literature Review On Metacognition
2. Literature review
2.1. Metacognition Generally Metacognition is defined as "how individual monitor and control their
cognitive process" (Young & Fry, 2008). Metacognition refers to being able to reflect upon,
understand, and control one's learning. Previous accounts of metacognition have differentiated
between two major components, including knowledge about cog¬nition and regulation of cognition
(Brown, 1987; Flavell, 1987; Jacobs & Paris, 1987). Knowledge about cognition includes three sub
processes that simplify the reflective aspect of metacognition: declarative knowledge (i.e.,
knowledge about self and about strategies), procedural knowledge (i.e., knowledge about how to use
strategies), and conditional knowledge (i.e., knowledge ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the area of general education, research has been found that intelligence is a strong predictor of
learning (Chamorro–Premuzic, 2007; Primi, Ferrao, & Almeida, 2010). According to Flavell (1979,
1987), metacognition involves metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences or
regulation of cognition. Also Metacognition has been recognized as a strong predictor of learning
(Coutinho, 2007; Dunning, Johnson, Ehrlinger, & Kruger, 2003; Flavell, 1976, 1979; Kruger &
Dunning, 1999; Veenman & Elshout, 1995). The pupose of this research is to give information about
relationships between intelligence, metacognition, and learning but first of all the examination of the
predictive power of intelligence and metacognition in L2 learning gets priority in this study. Then,
estimated the distinctive contribution of metacognition and intelligence beyond and above each
other. Although some studies have done such these examination ,such as; language learning and
intelligence (Ekstrand, 1977; Genesee, 1976), and language learning and metacognition (Green &
Oxford, 1995; Oxford & Burry–Stock, 1995), but no study has examined the concurrent relationship
of these two variables as language learning's predictors. In This study the examination of the role of

Journal Article Critique “From common to uncommon...
Journal Article Critique to the article
"From common to uncommon Knowledge:
Foundations of Firm–specific use of Knowledge as a Resource"
Authors: Rajiv Nag and Dennis A. Gioia
Published: Academy of Management Journal, 2012, Vol. 55, No. 2, 421–457
Course: Business Research Methods, Dr. Johannes Rank, Winter Term 2012/13
Submitted: January 28th 2013
Technische Universität Berlin
Research question: "How can managers create uncommon knowledge when rivals have access to
similar, commonly available knowledge?" (page 425)
Author's purpose: The importance of knowledge is well established in research. The knowledge–
based theory considers knowledge as the most strategically significant resource of a firm. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
strong believe in technological effectiveness is associated with engaging in proactive scanning).
Through those linkages Nag and Gioia were able to draw tree knowledge pathways. The knowledge
adaption pathways describe the track how managerial distinctions emerge to knowledge adaption.
The knowledge augmentation pathways describe the way to the augmentation of knowledge and the
third track describes how it happens that uncommon knowledge is not used.
In the knowledge adaption pathways executives consider knowledge as most important for
operational efficiency. They believe it's hard to obtain from external sources and they have
confidence in their own knowledge but limited trust in workers' knowledge. They are scan–ning
intensively for knowledge and personally they had a greater share in knowledge work. Firms on that
pathway are adapting knowledge and come more likely to an incremental development.
In contrast described before in the knowledge augmentation pathways leaders have a strong
confidence on own knowledge, on workers capabilities and they believe their know–ledge is
distinctive and hard to imitate for competitors. Therefore they are scanning pro–actively and
engaging others to knowledge work. These companies use uncommon know–ledge through
augmentation. Radical innovations are more likely in those companies.
On the path for no uncommon knowledge use the executives contribute knowledge mostly to raise
customer's

Police Procedural Sub-Genre In Truman Capote's In Cold Blood
It is impossible to follow every guideline for a police procedural novel when writing on a true event.
Features considered important to the police procedural sub–genre may not be present within the real
life crime, and adding details for the procedural sub–genre VIOLATES/TARNISHES the credibility
of the true crime aspects of the novel. Despite the difficulties of blending a true crime and a crime
fiction sub–genre, with some compromise on the guidelines of both genres, Capote completed In
Cold Blood, a well–balanced novel that describes a true crime event from a police procedural
standpoint.
On November 15, 1959, Perry Smith and Dick Hancock committed the brutal quadruple murder of
the Clutter family. The bodies of Herbert Clutter, his wife Bonnie, and their children Nancy and
Kenyon, were discovered scattered throughout their Kansas ranch home the following morning, the
same day that a three ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He began his investigations by packing up and travelling to Garden City, Kansas with his friend and
fellow author, Harper Lee, who became a valuable asset by becoming friendly with the local people
which, by extension, made Capote more accepted, as well. Though the townspeople were initially
suspicious of him, after a month they began to open up and consent to interviews, with the number
of people willing to be interviewed growing after Hancock and Smith were arrested. Capote also
made sure to do other forms of research on other murderers, murder in general, and the mentality of
criminals to give himself a more informed perspective of Hancock and Smith's actions. There can be
no claiming that Capote did not put full effort into gathering relevant information for In Cold Blood.
He was so devoted to his research that, when the friendly driver who picked up the hitchhiking
Hancock and Smith denied all knowledge of doing so, he travelled to Omaha to confront the man
face to

The Effect of Sleep on Face Recognition Memory
The Effect Of Sleep On Face Recognition Memory Sleep serves multiple purposes, ranging from
restoring energy to maintaining homeostasis. Recent research has also shown that sleep plays a
crucial role in memory consolidation (Scullin, 2013). There are two main types of long–term
memory: explicit (declarative) memory and implicit (procedural) memory. Declarative memory is
responsible for learning facts, events, and memories that can be consciously recalled, whereas
procedural memory is the unconscious memory of motor skills and how to perform tasks. Several
studies primarily in adults demonstrated that sleep improves procedural memory as well as
declarative memory (Ellenbogen, et al., 2006). Declarative memory is important in school, work,
and social settings. Early sleep and memory studies showed evidence that NonREM sleep improves
performance on declarative memory tasks, such as recall and recognition. Decline in declarative
memory consolidation is correlated with a decline in slow–wave sleep. However, the effect of sleep
on face recognition memory, a type of declarative memory, is relatively unstudied. Little do people
know about how sleep affects memory for faces. The ability to recognize face is critically dependent
on the medial temporal lobe of the brain (Squire, 2004). Learning and remembering new faces is a
common, efficient, and socially important ability. Face recognition is almost indispensable in nearly
all social interactions. Memory for faces is

Special Victims Unit Vs. CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit VS CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Police TV Procedurals are common on American TV, Law & Order: Special Victims Unit and CSI:
Crime Scene Investigation are popular TV shows in the United States of America. Both shows are
very different police procedural. Both have been on for years, for an example: Law & Order: Special
Victims Unit has 15 Seasons and 343 Episodes and then there is CSI: Crime Scene Investigation that
has 14 Seasons and 317 Episodes. Law & Order: Special Victims Unit started on September 20,
1999 and is CSI: Crime Scene Investigation then started on October 6, 2000. Law & Order: Special
Victims Unit will be shortened to SVU and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation will be shortened to CSI
from now on. Each show has their own format unique to its own show. SVU has crimes that are
focused on a sexual nature. While the victim is often murdered, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
CSI on the other hand has crimes that deal with murder and other crimes like robbery. The crimes
than are solved with lab work. The two shows also fellow different types of people doing their job.
SVU fellow detectives that try to solve a crime that is in a sexual nature and that brings the episode
to the law part, SVU, then fellows the prosecutor v's the defendant, aka the ADA and the crime doer.
On the contrary CSI fellows the Las–Vegas criminalists identified as "Crime Scene Investigators" to
solve the crime, also its fellows a medical examiner and a LVPD–
Varga 2
–detective for each episode. One of the most obvious things people might notice is the settings is
different for each show. SVU is set in New–York City for its backdrop. SVU is set in courtrooms,
police station, interrogation room, the crime scene

The Police Procedural TV Series: Crime Scene Investigation
The police procedural TV series, Crime Scene Investigation (CSI), had episodes where a case
unravels to reveal more than one case; intersecting each other. The suspect in one murder can be a
victim in another. The chains of the relationship become a sophisticated network I find engrossing.
The inverse interaction between inflation and unemployment as delineated in the Keynesian Phillips
curve has proven a rise in one variable can lead to a fall in another in the short run. However, the
Monetarist's expectations augmented–Phillips curve suggested the two variables are always
spiraling upwards in the long run. The elements operate dependently because a change in inflation
will eventually affect employment and vice versa. In order to reduce both unemployment and
inflation but still have positive economic growth that is when Aggregate Supply comes in and
intervenes.

Descriptive Essay About This Place
What happened?
Did the lights go out?
Why it's so dark and cold.
I am scared.
What is this place?
Where am I?
How did I reach here?
"...."
There isn't even a speck of sound either.
What the heck is this place?
It's very lonely.
But at the same time I have a nostalgic feeling.
Why do I feel vague connection with this room?
This place reminds me of myself. This place is where I belong.
This similarity between me and this room is that loneliness is common between us.
I feel like this is my home except it was not dark as this place tho.
My home has the similar atmosphere.
I was born with a silver spoon in my mouth. I lived in a huge mansion with several dozen of maids
and butlers for my service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...

My smile was more like an evil grin which was never my intent. The smile backfired and then many
weird rumors also started circulating about me.
I am named Freddy, the baby eater.
Hence I gave up on myself, and abandoned any hope of ever making friends. Just became shut–in
otaku. Playing games and watching anime. I even behaved like a delinquent. I became what people
thought, I was. Than mom came back in an urgent business trip near hometown. She was
disheartened to see my condition. After meeting mom, I suddenly cried and told her everything, like
a baby. Complained and complained about everything and everyone, how they treated me. I almost
blamed her for giving her looks. I don't know what I was saying, I know it's not her fault, if I had her
looks. But I wanted to relieve my anger, so I chose her. I cursed her and even my grandparents. I
told she looks like demon and because of that I was born as demon. I was pissed and my mouth
went out of control. I told her that because of her scary face, even daddy left her and she deserved it.
When she heard this she held me by the shoulders. I got scared and closed my eyes shut, thinking I
would be slapped. I restrained my left cheek muscles ready to take the

Distributive Justice Essay
2.1 Distributive Justice
Distributive justice explains the process of "attaining the equitable exchange relationships by
allocating the benefits and costs'' (Smith et al., 1999, pp. 358–359). Its is revealed that compensation
is one of the most widely used tool that that organization have to react on a customer complaints
related to distributive justice Tax et al., 1998).
Effective ways of distributive Justice can be assed in reaction to injustice resultant from a failure of
service by offering refunds, coupons and free gifts (cf. Kelley et al., 1993). There is a practical proof
of customers getting a fair response from the organization's complaint management process and are
satisfied with it as well (Goodwin and Ross 1992). Evidence suggested that distributive justice has
the largest share of post complaint satisfaction (Mattila 2001). ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
189). Organizations having procedures, tools, and policies in place and are expected to assist to
handle a complaint process by providing a feedback to customers (Davidow, 2000). Hence a proper
setup of policies, tools and procedures should be established in order to speed up the process of
handling the customers' complaints (Davidow, 2003b). With regards to handling a complaint
process, procedural justice justifies the fairness of procedures, tools and polices in order to have
proper setup of complaint handling procedures (cf. Davidow, 2003b). There are several experimental
studies have been conducted to proof the importance procedural justice for complaint handling.
Author shows that customers who have reported high level of complaint handling satisfaction has
experienced high level of procedural justice (Tax et al. 1998). (De Ruyter and Wetzels 2000) stated
that high level of procedural fairness leads to more satisfied

Procedural Justice In Aggressive Police Practices
As a visible representative of the nation, individuals often draw crucial conclusions about their
social status within this social group from their encounters with the police. Such identity relevant
information may be derived from instrumental judgements of the police. An instrumental
perspective suggests that when the police do effectively protect particular communities, and when
outcomes (e.g. quality of service, availability of aid) are not equally distributed, these communities
may come to feel isolated from the wider social group that the police represent (Fagan & Davies,
2000). Aggressive police practices such as 'stop–and–frisk' (as well as physical abuse have
frequently targeted Black individuals concentrated in areas of poverty, high ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
These results are consistent with a group–value model of procedural justice, which recognises the
symbolic nature of policing, in which treatment at the hands of the police communicates identity
related information. The study is limited by the fact that the majority of the respondent sample were
not of typical age in relation to the student in–group. However, the respondents who identified as
American and British nationals are likely to identify with students to a greater extent than refugees.
Moreover, a group value interpretation is supported by evidence suggesting that procedural justice
concerns influence assessments of legitimacy and social identity for many social

How To Pull An All Nighter Compare And Contrast
A piece of writing has little meaning if the overall topic is not compared to another work. In fact,
any object in the world has this same philosophy. A golf ball, for example, has individual detail to it,
but when compared to a basketball, it has an entirely new meaning and description. This concept is
also appropriate when reading and analyzing literature. Whether this literature is analogous or
extremely disparate to another, the reader's perspective shifts. After reading "How to Pull an All–
Nighter," by Joshua Piven, David Borgenicht, and Jennifer Worwick, and The Economist's "Higher
Education: Not What It Used to Be," I quickly noticed an interesting juxtaposition between the two.
The first is a basic how–to that illustrates staying awake for the entire night. Whereas the second
informs the reader about pressing issues concerning fiscal matters of college. Many books and
articles such as these possess elements that help compose a unique piece of writing, including the
intended audience, layout, and the ultimate purpose. Comparing and contrasting these two readings,
some characteristics appear to be shared while others create a definite divergence between the two.
There are often numerous fundamental components of writing that shapes the general frame of the
work. "How to Pull an All–Nighter" exemplifies these essential qualities. To begin with, the article
was published in 2004 and had three writers collectively contribute to the text. This nonfiction

Programming Models Of Wsn System
Research Proposal Title Programming Models of WSN System: A State–of–the–Art Survey
Introduction There are a lot scenarios need different sensor nodes to collaborate and integrated on
the air into networks to facilitate applications. The scaled–down censoring system presented below
is an example of those wireless sensor networks (WSN). In this system sensors are different between
corridors area and manufacturing area, since they need different precise level. Those sensors
combined together by different wireless AP and provide services to different applications inside and
outside the plant. This is where virtualization shines. Virtualization creates an uniformed
environment in heterogeneous sensor networks. It bridge the gap between infrastructure and
applications. And the network and sensor virtualization can achieved by the middleware.
Middleware hide unnecessary details and complexity of the underlying heterogeneous
infrastructures, like different sensor nodes and different wireless AP in the presented scenario.
Software designs and programming approaches for the middleware design should facilitate the
balance between communication and computing. Energy awareness, routing, efficient resource
utilization and data delivery have always been the key parameters for an efficient programming
model for WSN. Motivating Scenario Fig 1. A motivating example on dust–free manufacturing plant
censoring. A simplified dust–free manufacturing plant censoring system is described below.

Flowers 'And Come A Stranger'
With experience comes knowledge. This is why everyone says that it is OK to fail. When you fail
you learn, and when you learn you fail more. Failing more will help you try harder. You get
knowledge when you experience different situations, because you will know how to react to that
situation. Both the texts Flowers by Alice Walker, and Come A Stranger by Cynthia Voigt have vivid
examples of how experience comes with knowledge. In Flowers, a little girl named Myop was
walking through the woods in her own little path, when she stepped on a dead man's skeleton. For a
moment she was surprised, but then, she paid her respects by placing a red rose near him. In Come A
Stranger a girl named Mina was waiting forever to go back to this camp that she ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In both texts, this message is given through the main character. The main character would
experience something, and then learn from it. For example, in Flowers the main character, Myop,
experienced death, and she experience the woods, so she had the knowledge of what to do if she
encountered both circumstances. Similarly, Mina experienced discrimination, and hurting her
father's feelings, so she had the knowledge about both, and how to prevent hurting her father's
feelings. If you make a mistake think of it as an experience, and when you learn from it, you know
you got the knowledge. With experience comes

Questions On Past Fiscal Year
past fiscal year." (Bumgartner)
2. Amber "What are your greatest strengths?"
Melissa: "I am dependable and loyal." (Bumgartner)
3. Amber: "What weaknesses do you have?"
Melissa: "I 've been an assistant nurse manager for under a year. I would say that I lack patient
relation service recovery skills. Although I feel that I have gained confidence in these areas over the
past few months there is still much to learn." (Bumgartner)
4. Amber: "What are some strategies you might use to retain the quality employees you have and to
recruit others to want to be apart of your team?"
Melissa: "To retain employees I like to lead by example and set the bar high so my employees
remain active and engaged on the unit. As far as recruiting other people I encourage them to float to
our floor and experience what all out floor has to offer." (Bumgartner)
5. Amber: "If I call a member of your current staff and asked them to tell me about you, what would
they say?"
Melissa: "That I am dependable, loyal, and always willing to help out." (Bumgartner)
6. Amber: "What can you do to impact the future of out hospital?"
Melissa: "I hope to change the house wide perception of my current floor and shine the light of the
caring compass on the end–of–life and end–stage disease management that my staff provides every
day." (Bungartner)
7. Amber: "What actions would you take if you come on board?"
Melissa: "Create a consistent set of standards and expectations for the unit manager directors and

The Police Procedural In Ed Mcbain's Cop Hater
The police procedural is a recent addition to detective fiction. This is because "[b]efore the 1980s
the police novel was a minor, and somewhat maligned, stepchild in the field of crime fiction."[5] As
one of the early police procedural novels, Ed McBain's Cop Hater was a factor in how detective
fiction came to embrace the police procedural. In doing so, it had to deal with the attitudes that
caused cop characters to be considered unsuitable protagonists. This process was facilitated by
efforts to make the police characters relatable, and the procedural methods they use accessible. In
doing so, McBain wrote a novel that paved the way for acceptance of the police detective.
The early detective novels were very much against the police. As was claimed within Cop Hater, "a
cop is a symbol of law and order", which should make the police detective the most natural choice
to be the detective. Yet in the earlier eras of detective fiction, the detectives typically worked outside
of the law. Historically, the police were not publicly seen as a group which were competent enough
to be trusted to deal with these matters. This may have been justified in context, given that the early
constables mostly worked with the information others gave them, rather than seeking it themselves
[6]. The early detectives were romanticised, often as geniuses, for working outside this seemingly
corrupt system [1]. The issue of public opinion has lingered for the modern police novel to address.
The

Procedural Justice And Corruption In The Chicago Police...
After the rise of groups like Black Lives Matter in response to the shootings of African–Americans,
police departments are being forced to take a second look at the way they interact with minority
communities. The problem in many communities is that law enforcement officials do not mirror the
communities that they police. In cities like South Houston, the population is 90 percent Hispanic.
The police in this area are almost 75 percent white.
In Chicago, the police department dealt with a number of lawsuits from 1970 to 2000 that made the
department hire more minority officers. Despite these lawsuits, the Chicago Police Department is
still made up of mostly white officers. While half the department is white, the rest of the city has
equal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If a white man was seen leaving the scene of a murder, it seems logical to look for a white male who
fits that physical description. Unfortunately, this technique can and is carried too far. Some law
enforcement agencies have had to pay for expensive legal cases because of civil rights issues. In the
areas where racial profiling is used, the police–citizen relationships are often strained. Once the
community stops trusting law enforcement officials to be fair, the police lose the support of the
community.
Ultimately, racial profiling tends to be ineffective over the long run. If criminals know that a certain
ethnic group is the only group looked at for drug smuggling, they will begin to use different ethnic
or racial groups to conduct their criminal enterprise. More importantly, racial profiling can end up
leading to outright discrimination. While police are trained to avoid discrimination, they may still
fall back on stereotypes to investigate a crime.
Techniques for Solving Trust Issues in Minority

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