Essay On Boeing 747 And Airbus

Essay on Boeing 747 and Airbus
1. Why is Airbus interested in building the A3XX? What are its objectives?
Airbus predicts that there would be demand for more than 1500 super jumbos over the next 20 years
that would generate sales in excess of $350 billion. And they could sell as many as 750 over jumbos
over the next 20 years with a break even on undiscounted cash flow basis with the sales of only 250
planes. There is a huge profit in this business if Airbus succeeds in the industrial launch of A3XX
jumbo jets.
In addition, Airbus has received over half of the total large aircraft orders for the first time in 1999
thanks to the "cross crew qualification" feature. Capturing more than half of the very large aircraft
(VLA) market with the A3XX would constitute an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The annual demand from 2009 to 2019 would be 62.
So the breakeven point is much less than the total demands. 3. As Boeing, how would you respond
to this situation? How does your answer depend on what you think Airbus is likely to do? Please
provide some calculations to support your answers.
In its published Current Market Outlook (CMO), Boeing forecast a much smaller VLA market
despite general agreement on overall growth with GMF. Boeing predicts the total market demand for
VLA aircraft is 330 over the next 20 years. In addition, the most of the demand for the lager planes
would not materialize for at least ten years. If the predicted market demand is true, there is no way
for Airbus to reach the breakeven point. It is most likely Airbus will run out of the business if it
commits build A3XX. In this case, Boeing could ignore the A3XX and concentrate on its existing
product line. That is to say, Boeing had an opportunity to enhance profitability on its existing
products while Airbus was tied up developing the A3XX.
4. Should Airbus commit to build the A3XX? How many orders should Airbus have before
committing to develop the plane? Again, provide some numerical support for your answers. Because
the analysis above gives a positive NPV, it is in airbus best interest to build the A3XX. But since
Airbus needs to sell at least 39 annually aircrafts
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Outliers : The Story Of Success
We are presented with a theory that there aren't any successful self–made people, which we know is
contrary to popular beliefs. This theory was presented by Malcolm Gladwell in his book, Outliers:
The Story of Success. The theory is further defined by the premise that holds that success is enabled
by a person's culture, environment, when and where they were born, and a strong work ethic. These
theories and examples of success are analyzed using the textbook, Leadership: Research Findings,
Practice, and Skills (2015) by Andrew DuBrin. Several examples are provided in this paper that
illustrate and support Gladwell's thoughts on opportunity and cultural legacy.
An Analysis of Outliers: The Story of Success
Outliers is Malcolm Gladwell 's examination of what makes some people excessively more
successful than others. These "outliers," as he calls them, are commonly thought to possess talent
and intelligence far above that of the average person, but he challenges this popular belief by
looking at the background of some notable outliers.
Further, he argues that people are more a product of their environment, culture, life experiences and
even when a person was born. Andrew DuBrin textbook provides theories and concepts of
leadership that can be correlated to the actions of the good people mentioned in Gladwell's book. It
would make sense to say that the success of individuals would come from something more than
what is within the individual.
Discussion
Malcolm Gladwell (2008)

The Unkonwn Whereabouts of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370
The unknown whereabouts of Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 that disappeared on March 8, 2014,
has left the families of the over 200 passengers aboard heartbroken and devastated. Thus far, rescue
units have failed to locate the massive Boeing 777 commercial jet, or any of the 227 passengers and
12–flight crew on it. This catastrophic event happened, and is failing to be solved, because of the
lack of necessary aircraft tracking, the struggle of knowing where to look, and what faith to lean on
and aircraft equipment failure.
Black boxes are modern electronic devices used now a days in some vehicles you see on the roads
and also aircrafts such as the Boeing 777 used for flight MH370. They gather and store important
information about the vehicles speed, altitude, time of day and engine conditions. The purpose of
this device is to solve any reasoning behind plane crashes, as the black box has enough information
to accurately tell you what went wrong, and why. So if a black box could be the answer to solving
what went wrong with this flight, then why hasn't it been solved yet? "A modern plane like the
Malaysia Airlines Boeing 777 is jacked full of computers and sensors spinning out enormous
amounts of data, and yet the [black box] is connected to nothing. While it's up in the real clouds, the
[black boxes] systems have no contact with the technology cloud" (Maney, 2014, p. 1–5). The only
time the information on the black box could be used is if the black box is found in the

The Lead Up For Current Business Level Strategy
The Lead up to current Business–level Strategy Since the inception of the company, General
Electric put great emphasis on innovation. Creating the first Industrial Research Laboratory of its
kind in 1900, the company introduces copious amount of new products to the world ever since. This
Lab allowed the company to generate new products that would facilitate the creation of future
profitable ideas. The dedicated team of scientists and engineers could create new products and
improve existing products such as the light bulb in order to differentiate them from other
competitors in the market. This practice enabled the company to gain a distinctive competency in
developing future products, in tern granting General Electric competitive ... Show more content on
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In 1981 with the arrival of the new CEO, Jack Welsh, the new corporate strategy was implemented
with emphasis on performance and efficiency. This move toward efficiency reduced innovation in
the company, moving it away from its differentiation strategies. General Electric diversified itself by
investing and acquiring a slew of companies that it recognized to be profitable. GE operated in more
than eight different industries. The management sough to maintain a limited number of sectors that
had great growth potential and performance. GE 's portfolio of business divisions involved Power &
Water, Aviation, Healthcare, Oil & Gas, Energy Management, Appliances & Lighting,
Transportation, GE Capital, and others. The company wide policy was to implement six sigma
quality control, digitization, and globalization. Jack Welsh also aimed to create and nurture the
development of talent and leadership in the company.
Current Business–level Strategies With the arrival of New CEO, Jeff Immelt, in 2001 the company
went through a reformation once more. Immelt intended to disband the conglomerate corporate
strategy and instead concentrate on GE 's core competencies relating to advanced technologies and
services in order to deliver superior "highly customized products to high growth markets" (Bucifal,
2009). This new strategy hearkened back to the companies original differentiation strategy, and
emphasis

Essay On Boeing
Executive Summary
In fierce competition with Boeing, venture into VLA segment – as a rather neglected segment by
Boeing – could pose as a strategic opportunity for Airbus which it could utilize to build a
competitive advantage combined with its technological resources and capabilities. However, its
assumptions of a drastic increase in VLAs demanded in next 20 years along with its ability to satisfy
most of this are too optimistic. Provided that these assumptions (inc. breakeven points, initial order
requirements) are normalized, A3XX is a project worthy to pursue for Airbus in order to exploit a
neglected spot on the perceptional map – long–haul + big capacity. When we hold the market itself
continues to grow as proposed in the case, this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We don't have a market risk premium value at hand for aviation sector but even if it is 15% – the
rate of return Airbus presumes – then 3.9% + 0.84X(15–3.9) = 13.2. So the project seems feasible.
However, when we apply the operating margin of 15%–20% as the source of cash flow per plane,
we see that from 288 to 385 planes would be needed for a breakeven to compensate investment
costs. If we also take into consideration of the fact that these payments will not be made all in the
first year, each cash flow will need to be discounted based on real interest rate (3.9%) and the year
in question. We can easily say, if the plane price is not appropriated accordingly each year, the
breakeven point will go even farther away from what Airbus imagined.
As for competition, Boeing had built approximately 85% of the industry's current fleet, which
indicates the high experience and brand awareness of Boeing in the industry, which is a competitive
advantage in terms of strong service level. 747–400 is the only model that can be seen as an
alternative to the new Airbus VLA models. Boeing's 747 launch case indicates that this kind of
decision to make for Airbus should based on long term projections. It can be seen as unnecessary for
the

Impact Of The Aviation Industry On Unplanned Events That...
2.0. introduction: The purpose of this report is to outline 3 significant changes made to the aviation
industry due to unplanned events that have occurred in the last 20 years. 3 factors/events that have
influenced changes in the commercial aviation industry will be thoroughly investigated. 3.0. The
events: 1. |UAV incident A drone used to film the grand final between Australia and New Zealand
crashed just south of an arena in Melbourne. The ATSB found that radio frequency interference was
the cause of the crash. (TURF MATE , 2016)The possible effects of an increased volume of radio
frequency, mainly due to the use of mobile phones and broadcasting stations at the arena were the
major contributing factors leading to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After collecting more than a million pieces of debris investigators found that the fire came from the
planes in–flight entertainment network. Vulnerable Arcing wires above the cockpit set fire to the
flammable fuselage insulation causing it to spread rapidly. (CBC News , 2013) 4.0. Future
implications: 1. Due to this accident and many other UAV incidents CASA has responded to this
issue by enforcing and creating new rules when operating a drone. This year 2016 CASA has
introduced strict rules for drone operators such as, drones being kept more than 30 metres away
from other people and must not be flown over crowds at beaches or sporting events. (Digital life,
2016). Drones also need to be operated in daylight where the operator can see them and should be
kept for at least more than five kilometres from airports while staying below 121–metre–height
limit. CASA also made deals with major drone companies to include the regulations inside each box
and also covering the importance of appropriate operational controls and procedures covering
drones. (RPAS, 2016) These strict rules are not only because of the increasing numbers of incidents
but because of the increasing number of drone's in the air. Anybody can purchase a drone from fifty
dollars to thousands of dollars making it such an affordable and accessible toy. Because they are
airborne objects drones represent threats to people and property. Especially when faults occur in
equipment or in the

Review of the Boeing vs Airbus Case Study
Review of the Boeing VS Airbus Case Study
Introduction
In the market for large aircraft demand the emerging niche for very large aircraft (VLCT aircraft
seating more than 400 passengers) saw only two competitors: Boeing and Airbus. Even though both
competitors' moves were clearly marked by technology enhancements, and different target markets
but both exhibited strategic interdependence.
Option with Boeing:
Boeing being the market leader for almost a decade as a manufacturer of large commercial aircraft
and had also reached economies of scale, the need to sustain its market share it presumed that
"customers might demand for new". Any potential growth was only through taking super leap and
making VLCT jumbo aircraft which needed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ENTRY BARRIER (HIGH)
High capital requirements to establish +huge set up+ large investments + economies of scale/scope:
Boeing having advantage over Airbus in large commercial aircraft sector.
Access to distributers/suppliers/manufacturers:
Fear of retaliation
Competition due to market expansion
Learning curve has to be steep, i.e. Cost reduction has to be fast with change in technology
New entry has to match up with level of technology + new innovations
2. EXIT BARRIER (HIGH)
Cost of shutting down is high
3. THREAT OF SUBSITUTES IN VLCT AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY– (LOW)

No substitutes– High perceived level of technology and economies of scale ,easy substitutes difficult
to find. Boeing being market leader because of Boeing 747 fuel efficient long range jets .Airbus
having total power in Europe no easy substitute as government involvement and support.
Establishing relations with new dealers, suppliers networking is tough.
Switching cost is high–changing suppliers, shipping sources is tough.
Propensity of buyer to switch to other alternatives is low because cost like – pilot training cost +
mechanics + engineers +maintenance cost are also high.
No switching between low range fleet and large fleet because –larger fleet preferred usually as "the
larger the plane , the

Asian Flight : A Total Of 307 People On Board
Asian flight 214 had a total of 307 people on board. There were 4 crew members, 12 cabin crew and
291 passengers. Three of the 291 passengers were fatally injured. There were 40 passengers, and 8
cabin crew members, as well as 1 flight crewmembers who received serious injuries. The other 248
passengers, 4 flight attendants, and 3 flight crewmembers received minor injuries or were not
injured. The majority of the injures occurred when the tail was sheared from the rest of the fuselage
causing 5 people to be ejected from the aircraft. These include two crew members who were still
strapped into the rear jump seat and who incurred serious injuries but have survived. The 3
passengers who were seated in the last two rows of the aircraft incurred ... Show more content on
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As part of the training the trainee pilot practiced simulated visual approaches, including approaches
without glideslope, and landing techniques where the flight parameters are constantly changing. By
June of 2013 the trainee pilot had accumulated over 9 hours of flight time as a Boeing 777 observer
(NTSB, 2013, pg. 14).
At the time of the accident the trainee pilot had only completed 33 hours of the required 60 flight
time required by Korean air regulations for transitioning to Boeing 777 aircraft. The reports on the
trainee pilot transition training are mixed. The first instructor pilot stated that the trainee made errors
in common to pilots transitioning to a new aircraft. While, the second instructor pilot stated that the
trainee pilot performed within acceptable parameters. The third instructor pilot was a lot more
critical of the trainee pilot, stating that the trainee pilot was not organized; ill– prepared for the flight
and deviated from standard operating procedures on multiple occasions. He also stated that during
one training flight the trainee pilot allowed the decent rate of the aircraft to get a little high causing
the flight path of the aircraft to drop below the desired glidepath causing the landing flare to be
initiated early (NTSB, 2013, pg. 15).
The records of Asian Airlines indicate that the trainee pilot had made 29 prior flights to SFO airport
as a Boeing 747 first officer, and of those 29 flights he made

Forensic Evidence Regarding Air Indiaflight 182
THE FORENSIC EVIDENCE CONCERNING AIR INDIAFLIGHT 182
Background
The in–flight disintegration of the Kanishka, most of the aircraft came to rest on the ocean floor
almost 7,000 feet below the surface. During the accident investigation that followed, the submerged
wreckage was surveyed, photographed, videotaped and pieces were recovered off the ocean floor.
Floating wreckage was also recovered and examined. Each piece was given a unique number called
"target". Target means that specific parts of planes were to be destroyed. When the RCMP returned
to the crashed site for two subsequent salvage operations in 1989 and 1991 during which further
underwater video footage was captured and further wreckage was recovered. The 465 targets
observed on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bart Blachford, the RCMP member with primary conduct of the forensic investigation into the
explosion of the Kanishka. The underwater images of many of the unrecovered targets were
converted into computer aided design ("CAD") images, which in turn were used to simulate certain
important targets from the aft fuselage of the aircraft. Under the supervision of the RCMP, these
simulated targets were assembled with the actual recovered wreckage in a partial reconstruction of
the Kanishka at a warehouse in the Lower Mainland as an aid to understanding the technical expert
evidence regarding the destruction of the aircraft. Experts presented portions of their evidence at this
warehouse during the trial and referred extensively to the reconstruction in demonstrating their
respective theories. The significance of this expert evidence lies primarily in their differing opinions
regarding the location of the bomb that precipitated the destruction of the Kanishka. The Crown
theory, supported by the opinion evidence of Professor Christopher Peel, is that it was located in
Baggage Area 52, which contained the M. Singh bag. The defence theory, supported by the opinion
evidence of Dr. Edward Trimble and Mr. Frank Taylor, is that it was located some five feet forward
of that location in Baggage Area 51, containing luggage checked in at Toronto. A conclusion that the
defence evidence raises a reasonable doubt with respect to the Crown's bomb location would
fundamentally undermine

Summary Of Outliers By Malcolm Gladwell
Cultural Legacies Final Paper In chapter seven and chapter eight of Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell
effectively claims that acknowledging cultural legacies betters the chance of success. In chapter
seven of Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell entices readers on the topic of plane crashes in the aviation
world, while commendably and credibly synthesizing the controversy around the question of how
and why plane crashes occur. When illustrating the terrible crash of Korean Airlines Flight 801 in
1997, Gladwell intricately describes the language, words, actions, and psychology of the pilots and
crew members associated with the plane crash to better the authenticity of his claim. Combining
these ideas, Gladwell forms a theory that arguably proves to be true ... Show more content on
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While I was there, I saw firsthand the importance of cultural legacy and the effect it had on the
communication between groups of different cultural legacies: Haitian and American. Having the
cultural legacy of a native American (not referring to ethnicity), I wore a bracelet on my ankle. In
Haiti, the primary cultural legacy of Haitians assumes that anklet–bracelets is a symbol for
prostitution. Not only does Haiti's cultural legacy induce the tradition of this assumption, it also
induces the assumption that prostitution is an act of Satan. Further into the story, I walked past a
young orphan–girl living at the orphanage I was staying at. As I walked past her, she stopped me in
my tracts and yelled at me, "Satan!". The communication barrier between me and the young girl,
resulted in miscommunication. This is another example of how interaction between different cultural
legacies results in a communication barrier. These examples of cultural legacy, are only but a few
examples from my trip to Haiti. Because I experienced the interaction between myself and people of
different cultural legacies, I agree with Gladwell's theory that cultural legacies are important and
effective in acquiring

Airbus
Term Paper on Airbus
INTRODUCTION
In December 2000, Airbus formally committed to develop and launch a super jumbo plane known as
the A380 at a launch cost of $13 billion. Prior to and after Airbus' commitment, Boeing started and
canceled several initiatives aimed at developing a "stretch jumbo" with capacity in between its
existing jumbo (the 747) and Airbus' planned super jumbo.
In addition to making the super jumbo one of the largest product launch decisions in corporate
history, this figure represented 26% of total industry revenues in 2000 ($45.6 billion) and more than
70% of Airbus' total revenues in 2000. The inherent risk associated with this major strategic
commitment is magnified by the fact that Airbus must spend the entire ... Show more content on
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$185 million. Developing the first passenger model and the freighter version of the super jumbo is
expected to cost $13 billion.
Between June 2000, when the Airbus supervisory board gave approval to begin marketing the plane,
and December 2000, airlines placed orders for 50 super jumbos and bought options on another 42
planes. With these orders in hand, including a number from important 747 customers such as
Singapore Airlines and Qantas Airlines, the Airbus board officially launched the new plane.
According to its internal projections, Airbus forecast a need for more than 1,500 planes of this size
over the next 20 years, expected to capture up to half the market. In addition, Airbus estimates it will
break even with sales of 250 planes (on an accounting, but not cash flow basis) and they currently
have 100 firm orders and extra 100 options.
On March 29th, 2001, Boeing announced it was stopping the development of its stretch jumbo and
would begin development of a new aircraft known as the sonic cruiser (7E7). This plane would fly
faster (Mach 0.95 vs. Mach 0.80), higher, and more quietly than existing aircraft. It would also be
significantly smaller than the stretch jumbo (200 passengers vs. 520 passengers), though it would
cost more to develop ($9 billion vs. $4 billion). The sonic cruiser is not only more consistent with
Boeing's predictions regarding industry evolution towards greater point–to–point travel, but also
adds a third dimension–speed–to the

The Boeing 747's Impact On Contemporary Globalization
The Boeing 747's Impact on Contemporary Globalization
This paper addresses the international impacts of Boeing's 747 commercial airliner on modern
globalization. The 747 is one of the most revolutionary and famous airliners today, it could fit as
much as 570 passengers and could carry as much as 154 tons of cargo. This massive airliner is a
symbol of the progress in civil aviation and signifies a new era in travel. This paper discusses who
made this aircraft, the trade and financial influence of creating this aircraft and how this aircraft
reflects the global division of labor.
To begin with, Webster's dictionary defines globalization as "the development of an increasingly
integrated global economy marked especially by free trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of
cheaper foreign labor markets." although most people would agree that this is a good definition.
Stager defines the term globalization as "a set of social processes that are thought to transform our
present social condition into one of globality." (stager, p.8) Stager says that "we use the term
globality to signify a social condition characterized by the existence of global economic, political,
cultural, and environmental interconnections and flows that make many of the currently existing
borders and boundaries irrelevant." (stager, p.7) The 747's impact on globality has interlocked
nations and their people economically, and socially. The introduction of the 747 further allowed
peoples of nations to travel

Purpose Of Qantas
Nature of business
Singapore Airlines Ltd. (SIA) has progress beyond expectations since its establishing in 1972,
advancing from a regional airline to one of the most respected travel brands globally. The company
mission is "to provide air transportation services of the highest quality and to maximise returns for
the benefit of its shareholders and employees". With this, SIA operates and serves more than 60
cities in over 30 countries around the world, with our Singapore Girl being our universally
recognised icon providing exclusive services and care to customers. Additionally, it makes a habit of
leading the way, and along the path developed a reputation for being an industry trendsetter.
2 Competitive Environment
2.1 Competitors
Seeking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a complimentary service that is offered to Qantas customers travelling in First and Business
from London Heathrow, Dubai, Sydney and Melbourne. Passengers will be collected in a luxury
vehicle and driven to the airport to meet their flight. On arrival at their destination, they will be met
by another chauffeur service and driven to their hotel, office or home. The strong branding and
exclusive top–notch services provided by Qantas is definitely a threat to Singapore Airlines

Causes Of Airplane Accidents
Whether people travel for business, vacation, or simply for pleasure, they must decide on what mode
of transportation to take. Sometimes, they decide that the best form of transportation is to take a
plane, and each time they enter it, they are placing their lives in the hands of a company, air traffic
controller, and most importantly, the flight crew. Although airplanes are the most convenient and
quickest means of transportation, accidents occur due to the failure of one of these three
components. Statistically, the odds of being in an airplane accident are 1 in 7,178 compared to the 1
in 98 involving cars showing that airplanes are a safer type of transportation (5 Most Common
Causes of Airplane Accidents). If for some reason there is an accident, a spectrum of people are
facing the repercussions due to it and should consider these before deciding on taking a flight.
Airplane accidents are a horrific tragedy that affect a variety of individuals including the airline, the
manufacturer of the airplane, and the families. In the event of an accident, the airline is the earliest
involved, and will be held accountable due to various factors that contribute to the airlines
negligence. One prevalent factor is security failure in which a terrorist enters the plane before
departure. In order to prepare for a terrorist attack, mock trials have been conducted at the busiest
airports by undercover investigators. They found that they were able to smuggle mock explosives
and

The Accident Investigation Of The Crash
Background
Following the in–flight disintegration of the Kanishka, most of the aircraft came to rest on the ocean
floor almost 7,000 feet below the surface. During the accident investigation that followed, the
submerged wreckage was surveyed, photographed and videotaped, and pieces were recovered off
the ocean floor. Floating wreckage was also recovered and examined. Each piece was given a
unique number called a "target". The RCMP returned to the crash site for two subsequent salvage
operations in 1989 and 1991 during which further underwater video footage was captured and
further wreckage recovered. Of the 465 targets observed on the ocean floor, 159 were positively
identified as aircraft components or as coming from particular parts ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The significance of this expert evidence lies primarily in their differing opinions regarding the
location of the bomb that precipitated the destruction of the Kanishka. The Crown theory, supported
by the opinion evidence of Professor Christopher Peel, is that it was located in Baggage Area 52,
which contained the M. Singh bag. The defence theory, supported by the opinion evidence of Dr.
Edward Trimble and Mr. Frank Taylor, is that it was located some five feet forward of that location
in Baggage Area 51, containing luggage checked in at Toronto. A conclusion that the defence
evidence raises a reasonable doubt with respect to the Crown's bomb location would fundamentally
undermine its theory about the role of these accused in the alleged offences. Thus, while the distance
between the two proposed bomb locations is remarkably small, its significance is great.
Qualifications of Expert
The Crown called Christopher Peel, an expert in physical metallurgy; specifically, the effects of
internal detonations on the structure of aircraft. Professor Peel is currently Technical Director for the
Future Systems Technologies division of QinetiQ, a partly privatized amalgamation of the United
Kingdom Ministry of Defense's research establishments. During his career, he has been involved in
over 20 investigations of internal detonations in civilian transport aircraft, including

Why We Must Go Wrong
As the saying goes "anything that can go wrong, will go wrong", yet being fully aware of this,
humans don't avoid doing things altogether, instead we intentionally thrive toward finding that
which can go wrong out of curiosity for knowledge and fear that we might miss out on something if
we don't. There is a lesson to be found in every disappointment and negative outcome therefore, we
gain experience, we discover, and learn to live with things going wrong because that means we are
one step closer to it going right. We learn to live with these things by jotting down our mistakes and
others prior mistakes to help us prepare accordingly to future situations. This is especially true in
aviation. Without things going wrong, flying would not hold the safest mode of transportation nor
would it be as advanced, as there would be nothing to aid us in how to prepare for the next flight
otherwise. We've spent the last years in aviation focusing on increasing safety by trying to perfect
aircraft to only learn, as Wilbur Wright stated, "...the safety of the operator is more important than
any other point. Greater prudence is needed rather than greater skill." This meaning that it isn't the
technology or the aircrews' individual capabilities; it is the lack of caution and preparation instilled
into the aircrew. Information gathered from flight data recorders, FDRs, and cockpit voice recorders,
CVRs, revealed new insights on aircraft accidents. The result of several accidents was

The Death Ratio And Crash
Maybe you 're afraid of snakes being on your plane? Nah, Im just kidding. Do you know what
causes plane crashes? Small things such as birds, wind, and weather can take a 430 ton airplane to
the ground, yet statistics actually show that air travel is the safest way to travel. In the following
research paper the reader will learn how plane crashes happen and how they can be prevented. The
death ratio and crash ratio both have descended over the following 20 years.There are thousands of
car fatalities each year, along with deaths. You have a one in one million chance to crash while being
present on an plane. Statistics? Or in other words facts. These are the things that we lean on in life.
If something has good credibility or statistics, then its the way to go. Plane crashes can frighten you
even if you're not on board. In fact, we live in an era where plane travel is the safest and quickest
way to travel. Just last year, 2014 had the lowest amount of plane deaths. The Year 1972 had the
highest crash ratio. Planes have advanced since then and now are more efficient and safer. In 2014
there were only 761 plane fatalities.Statistics show that six percent of plane crashes were weather
related during the 2000's. Another twenty percent of plane crashes statistics says that crashes during
the 1970's were mechanical issues.Also, 34 percent of plane crashes were pilot errors during the
2000's. In 1950, three percent of plane fatalities were sabotaged. Believe it or not , plane

Pan Am 103 By Max Gaines
Pan Am 103
Max Gaines
Middle Tennessee State University
Abstract
Pan Am flight 103 was just a normal routine transatlantic flight that took off from San Francisco and
was en–route to London for its first layover. The flight took place on December 21st, 1988. Pan Am
flight 103 was on its transatlantic leg when it was blown into pieces by a bomb. The explosion killed
all 259 passengers on board and took 11 lives on the ground in Lockerbie, Scotland. Right after the
crash everyone believed it to be a terrorist attack. It took a three–year investigation from the FBI
until they found the link to two Liberian nationalists. In 1999, Gaddafi finally handed over the two
men for trial. One of the men was sentenced to life in prison. He ... Show more content on
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The airport only had one NOTAM that the crew needed to worry about– there was some
construction going on the outer taxiway. This had no factor at all on the crew or the accident. The
departure was just like any other departure. Everything was routine and nothing seemed out of the
ordinary. (NTSB, 1988)
The Boeing 747 took runaway 27R and began its route to New York Kennedy at 1825 hours Zulu,
just 21 minutes after being pushed back from gate Kilo–14. When flight 103 took off they were
tracking the Burnham VOR. As they started to approach the Burnham VOR, the Boeing 747
changed to a heading of 350 degrees. They were then cleared up to FL 120 and then to their cruising
altitude of FL 310. Once the Boeing 747 obtained their cruising altitude of FL 310, they were
North–West of the Pole Hill VOR about 26 minutes after takeoff. "Approximately 7 minutes later,
Shanwick Oceanic Control transmitted the aircraft's oceanic clearance but this transmission was not
acknowledged" (NTSB, 1988). During the second transmission, flight 103 disappeared from the
radar. The radar then picked up two different trails of debris from the aircraft explosion. Some
debris went as far as the east coast of England. When the explosion occurred, the winds were
between 250 degrees and 260 degrees and were around 115 kts at FL 310. As the altitude decreased
so did the wind strength. At FL 100 the

The Impact of Large Aircraft on Aircraft Management Essay
According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) aircraft certification, "a large aircraft refers
to an aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds which is the maximum certificated takeoff weight." The
heaviest and largest aircraft in the world have a maximum takeoff weight of over 600 tons. Since
larger aircraft have greater capacity, as well as advanced technological features, airport management
needs to make changes that cater to their operation. The first reaction of management at large
airports was to restrict the new, large aircraft by assigning them to specific terminals, routes and
runways. However, this led to delays and air traffic congestion. Given the growing number of new,
large aircraft, the only safe and efficient way to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This new standard calls for taxiways and runways to be widened, along with taxiways–to–taxiways
and the runways–to–taxiways.
Although the arrival of these new aircraft has eased airport congestion and continues to meet
passenger needs, it presents numerous challenges for airport management. As a result, various
changes have been made and others are to be put into effect. The super jumbo is 400,000 pounds
heavier, 11 feet longer, 41 feet wider and 15 feet taller than Boeing jumbo jets (Yeamans, 2006).
This aircraft, then, requires longer and wider landing space, and airport management has increased
airport pavement areas. Where existing land did not allow for expansion, additional land has been
identified and new airports constructed.
Similarly, the increase in the number of passengers has created a need for more gate–hold rooms.
New, large aircraft have significantly affected passenger flow, in terms of the queuing network
system (Chiu and Walton, 2003). In some airports, adjacent gates may not operate when large
planes, such as the super jumbo and the A380, are loading and unloading. Gate capacities have
increased more than twofold in airports that have large aircraft. In order to maintain their services,
then, many airport managements have increased their number of gate–hold rooms.
Airports have also expanded the capacity of baggage handling, concourses, ticket

Engineering Disaster of TWA Flight 800 Essay
Engineering Disaster of TWA Flight 800
TABLE OF CONTENT
SUMMARY I
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
2.0 BACKGROUND 1 2.1 FLIGHT PATH 1 2.2 NTSB INVESTIGATION 1 2.3 SEQUENCE OF
BRAKEUP 2
3.0 SOURCES OF IGNITION 3 3.1 JET FUEL FLAMMABILITY 4 3.1.1 FUEL
CHARACTERISTICS 4 3.1.2 FUEL FLAMMABILITY IN TWA 800 4 3.2 ELECTRICAL
COMPONENT FAILURES 5
4.0 SOLUTIONS 6 4.1 NITROGEN INERTING 6 4.1.1 C–17 OBIGGS NITROGEN INERTING
SYSTEM 6 4.2 SAFETY FOAM 7 4.3 JET FUEL ALTERNATIVE 7 4.4 VENTED AIR GAPS
AND INSULATION 7
5.0 CONCLUSION 8
6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 8
REFERENCES 9
APPENDIX A 10
APPENDIX B 11
SUMMARY
On the 17th of July, 1996, 13 minutes in it's flight, Trans World Airlines Flight 800 (TWA 800)
crashed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This report will cover all the requirements that are stated in the Safety Modification Legislation
AIR142.
The matters to be considered while writing the report will include:
 Review the circumstances surrounding the accident to establish the probable cause/s of
the accident.
 Provide the best recommendation that will increase the maximum safety to Boeing's
customer as well as their employees. Recommendations should also take into considerations the cost
and time of conducting the stated recommendations.
2.0 BACKGROUND
2.1 FLIGHT PATH

On July 17, 1996, about 8:19 p.m. eastern US time, a Boeing 747–131, operated as Trans World
Airlines Flight 800 (TWA 800) took off and was bound for Charles De Gaulle International Airport
(Paris, France). TWA 800 was heading northeasterly, roughly paralleled the southeastern coastline of
Long Island (Phillips, 1996, p27).
The weather at John F. Kennedy International Airport was clear with 25 mi. Visibility, temperature
was 71F and winds from the southwest at 4 kt.
At about 8:28 p.m., when the aircraft at an altitude of 10,000 ft. the aircraft accelerated from 250 kt.
To 300 kt. which indicated the airspeed was for the en route climb segment. After 13 minutes into
the flight, air controllers lost radar contact with the Boeing 747–131. The Center Wing Tank (CWT)
had

Causes And Consequences Of The United Flight 811 : Timeline
United Flight 811
On February 24, 1989, a United airlines Boeing 747–122 suffered an explosive decompression
which tore off its cargo door and killed 9 people as it climbed to 23,000 feet after taking off from
Honolulu Hawaii. At first, it was thought a bomb went off in the plane, though it was later revealed
the aircraft that was used for the flight had recently had work done on the forward cargo door. This
led the National Transportation Safety bureau (NTSB) to believe the ground crew was at fault for
mishandling and not maintaining the locking mechanisms on the cargo door, causing damage to the
door and resulting in the explosive decompression in flight. This accident stands out as one of the
few where the crew did everything right through careful use of Crew Resource Management skills,
succeeding in landing the plane without further loss of life. Despite the NTSB's initial results from
their investigation, Parents of one of the fatalities of the accident went through with their own
investigation which revealed that the decompression was because of flaws in the electrical and cargo
door latching systems resulting in an Airworthiness directive being issued for all planes of that type
to prevent further similar accidents.
Timeline up to the accident
United Flight 811 was a regularly scheduled flight from Los Angeles, California to Mascot,
Australia with two stops in Honolulu, Hawaii, and Auckland, New Zealand. The plane scheduled for
the flight was a Boeing 747–122, with

Large Aircraft Essays
The A–380 is becoming more popular as airlines look for ways to move the maximum amount of
passengers for the least money (Stafford, 2006). The A380 is made in passenger or freight versions.
The A380–800 is the largest passenger plane in the world. When passenger areas are divided into
three classes, the A380 can seat 550 passengers. When the entire plane is designated economy class,
it can seat 853 people. There is 50% more cabin floor space than the Boeing 747 because the A380s
upper deck goes the entire length of the fuselage ("Airbus a380 airfield,"2011). In 2010 there were
already over 30 in use and more are expected in the near future (Young & Wells, 2011, p. 473). Due
to the size and weight of the aircraft, airports will have ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to FAA Order 5300, airports may "submit Modifications of Standard (MOS) requests for
review of non–standard compliance items as long as safety is not compromised". Making
modification would be much less expensive and less time consuming for the airports that are able to
do them. Some design standards to allow for safe use of the A380 include blast pad dimensions to be
250 x 400 feet ("Airbus a380 airfield,"2011).
Many smaller airports will not be able to fit the larger airbus and the A380 will be limited to only
the large, hub airports better able to accommodate them. Smaller airports may have to be used as
feeder airports that will connect passengers to the large airports and the A380s. This could be a
problem of increased congestion with the existing slot system if more connecting flights are needed
and there are no more gates available or slot time (Ruehle, Goetsch, & Koch, 2006).
At this time intercontinental routes use the hub and spoke system. This method allows airlines to
bundle an increased number of passengers on the flights. The draw–back is that it also leads to a
more complex feeder flight schedule. Those airports with the facilities and room to support the
airbuses would then become hubs for those aircraft flights. To be profitable and fill enough seats,
airports with the most potential passengers would need to be paired for flights. Any delay or
cancellation would have a domino effect, costing more

Competitor Analysis
Competitor Analysis of Cathay Pacific Airlines
Cathay Pacific Airways is an international airline registered and based in Hong Kong, offering
scheduled cargo and passenger services to more than 110 destinations around the world. The main
competitors of Cathay Pacific are Singapore Airlines and China Southern Airlines . In this
competitor analysis for Cathay Pacific we will assess China Southern Airlines only. 1. What are the
objectives of this competitor? The objectives of China Southern Airlines are as follows: * To build
an international network–oriented airline with core competitiveness and sustainable profitability. *
Core value of "customer first * striving for excellence * continuous innovation and ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Green Flight & Social Responsibilities
China Southern Airlines has placed the highest concern to the welfare of the nation and its social
responsibility to the Chinese society. In 2007, China Southern took a leadership role by releasing the
first in a series of reports on the Civil Aviation Administration of China's corporate social
responsibility ... and incorporated these corporate social objectives into its strategic business
plan.The airline has been honored for its commitments to the society with varied awards from
leading aviation and government organizations. 3. What does this competitor believes about this
industry? This competitor believes that by engaging and accepting social responsibility and giving
the best customer service it can attract more customers and succeed more and more and one day it
will become the favorite airline and perhaps the largest in Asia. They believe to be successful and be
one of the big players in this industry; they should first put customers before anything else. Giving
the greatest customer service, emphasizing on new technology and caring more on safety is the key
to success. 4.What are its strengths and weaknesses? Strenghts:
1. Largest air transport network in China with access to over 150 cities and over 600 domestic
routes.
2. Centrally located in Guangdong for easy access to the rapid industrial growth of the Pearl River
Delta.

Safety Management System ( Sms )
(1) Introduction
Safety Management System (SMS) can be defined as "a systematic approach to managing safety,
including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures" (Safety
Management Manual, 2013). It is designed to identify hazards, analysing and collecting data and
manage safety risks encountered during the delivery of its services (Safety Management Manual,
2013).
According to Safety Management Manual (2013), the fundamental Safety Management System
(SMS) framework consists of four main components and twelve sub elements. These are the 4
components and 12 sub–elements:
i) Safety policy and objectives
–Management commitments and responsibilities
–Safety accountabilities
–Appointment of key safety personnel
–Coordination of emergency response planning
–SMS documentation ii) Safety risk management
–Hazard identification
–Risk assessment and mitigation iii) Safety assurance
–Safety performance monitoring and measurement
–The management of change
–Continuous improvement of the SMS
iv) Safety promotion
–Training and education
–Safety communication
(2) Analysis Methodology
The Swiss Cheese Model of accident causation illustrates the occurrence of catastrophic system
failures. In the model, there are holes in each cheese and it represents a safety barrier to a particular
hazard. According to the Swiss cheese model (Safety Management Manual, 2013), some of holes in
defences are due to active failures, however, some of other holes in the

Jumbo Jet Research Paper
This paper dives into the architecting and design of the Boeing 747, the world's first jumbo jet. The
key architects of this colossal system will be introduced along with the system requirements that led
to the system design decisions of the 747. Major subsystems of the aircraft will be examined, along
with the legacy and future of the system today. Heuristics applied throughout the architecting of the
system as well as the numerous trade–off analyses performed will be explained as the paper
progresses. Introduction In today's world, air travel is seen as just another transportation method
available to the traveling public. It is possible for anyone to fly almost anywhere they'd like, usually
with many options of which airline to fly with. Traveling by air is not too expensive for the typical
traveler either, considering most domestic flights only cost a few hundred dollars and international
flights usually cost around a thousand dollars. This relatively easy access to fast and cost ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The aircraft had the capability to hold up to 366 passengers in a 3–class configuration and transport
those passengers 5,300 nmi at a speed of up to Mach 0.89. Jetting into the air was the six story high
tail of the aircraft, and just as impressive was its nearly 200 ft wing span. The weight of the aircraft
was 358,000 pounds, and it had a maximum takeoff weight of 735,000 pounds. Each of the four
original Prate & Whitney engines had 46,500 pounds of force. Key Architects Many people were
involved in the architecture and build of the 747. Surprisingly, one of the first people involved was
Juan Trippe, the President of Pan Am Airlines. Pan Am Airlines was the dominate international
airline in the 1960's and was experiencing an increase in airline traffic of 15% per year (Van Doren).
Trippe decided that to meet the demand, the company would need to either: Increase aircraft speed
Increase the number of flights;

Flight 800 Research Paper
Flight 800 One of the most deadly plane crashes was when two planes ran into each other on the
ground, killing 583 people. One of the deadliest plane crashes in the air was Trans World Airlines
(TWA) flight 800. In the report they say that mechanical failure is at fault. Other people say that it
was a missile strike at fault. The mystery behind the crash of TWA flight 800 can be summed up in
two groups, missile hit or mechanical failure. First, Flight 800 was a plane that exploded killing all
230 people, they don't know what made it explode. "On 17 July, 1996 Trans World Airlines flight
800 exploded off long Island. Killing all 230 people on the plane"(Girard, pg.1) Divers spent over
10 months finding 20,000 pieces of the plane and finding the passengers(Schmitz. pg.2). They were
able to put ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, the FDR and CVR both stop at 8:31 and pick up the pilot saying look at the crazy fuel flow
indicator there on number 4(Schlager. pg.2). The Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) says that
there is no signs of criminal involvement in their last report before they stopped their
investigation(Schlager. pg.3). There was no sign of cratering, severe pitting as you would typically
find them with a missile or bomb.(Gale.pg.4) The official report says that something caused the
volatile fuel/air mixture in the center wing fuel tank(CWT) to explode(Schmitz. pg.3). The crazy
message, no signs of criminal involvement and explosion of the CWT are the reasons officials use
for backing up the theory of malfunction.
Lastly, missile strike and malfunction are two of the most common theories surrounding the mystery
behind Flight 800. Many people saw a bright light and there was a radar spot that no one knew what
it was. The FDR and CVR both line up with what the FBI and National Transportation Safety
Board(NTSB) are saying happened. What would you do if your plane was about to crash and you
most likely would not

Aviation Accidents
The world of aviation is a beautiful thing, dominated by massive airplanes powering through the
sky. In the United States, almost 900 million passengers traveled on scheduled airliner service in the
year 2016. Take 900 million and add in general civilian flights, and the number passes one billion
people. Having so many people traveling requires a great amount of timing and training to
accomplish such an outcome. The text below provides information on airplane accidents and factors
relating to them. The most important factor touched upon in the text is human error. Human error
plays a role in all aviation accidents, and eliminating it is a main focus of the aviation community.
Risk assessment and mitigation is a main component to preventing aircraft accidents. Key Words:
Domestic, AOPA, FAA, ATC, Fatality, Mitigation, ADM The last recorded fatality on a U.S.–
certificated scheduled airline flight was on Feb. 12, 2009, when Colgan Air Flight 3407 crashed in
Buffalo, New York. As of the date this paper was composed, that is almost 9 years ago. In that time,
roughly 6.1 billion people have traveled using a domestic airliner, and in that time not a single U.S.–
certified flight has had a fatality relating to a crash. Airplane travel is one of the safest means of
travel to date. Yet, the topic of airliner safety is still a pressing issue, not due to the amount of
accidents, but the volume of life that could be lost in one. Aviation training is strict, the amount of

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle And The Air Traffic Control System
1. What does the term "UAV" stand for? Indentify two issues that are unique to this emerging
technology. "UAV" stands for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Two issues that were mentioned in the
course about UAV's were the increase of air traffic and the rights to privacy. There would need to be
another program for UAV's to fit into the air traffic control system or have another program or set of
laws to regulate the routes in which these air vehicles can safely navigate the sky and not harm
people and/or property. Another issue using UAV's is the right to privacy one might invade by flying
over places that is closed to the public. Since air rights are the rights that are also being challenged,
when is it ok to fly over someone's property? Many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Major" disputes seek to create contractual rights within an airline. "Minor" disputes develop from
interpretation or application of agreements covering rates of pay, rules, or working conditions.
"Minor" disputes involve controversies over the definition of an existing collective
bargaining/employment agreement. For example, the issues revolving the reasoning of someone
being fired is considered a "minor" issue, which must be resolved through the Railway Labor Act of
1926 .
3. Describe the benefits and drawbacks of the passenger profiling systems that emerged following
the explosion of TWA Flight 800.
After the TWA 800 accident, the skepticism on profiling became evermore prominent. Following the
explosion of TWA Flight 800, profiling of terrorist became a popular idea in the airline and security
industry. Profiling became prominent towards Arab passengers because of recent trending news
about Civil War in Afghanistan at the time and the conspiracy about TWA 800 being a terrorist
attack. Association's created more in depth x–ray machines and a list of characteristics on what
should security officers should look for when having suspicion of a possible threat from a passenger.
This may offend people and their right to privacy as far as how much do they need to strip down in
order for you to let them through the security gate. However, it can benefit by saving a whole plane
full of people by allowing the

Research Paper On Airbus A380
The biggest commercial aircraft on the market right now is the Airbus A380. This amazing feat of
engineering is so spectacular that it is the biggest that a commercial aircraft can be! The airbus A380
can be described in many different ways, most people call it spectacular or even just flat out
amazing that something this big can even get off the ground. While the industry continues to make
improvements to flight, they are also keeping the costs down, so that anyone flying can experience
flying in an Airbus, especially if they are traveling abroad. Many would say that the idea of building
the Airbus was thought of by a French transport minister named Jean Chamant and a German
economics minister, named Karl Schiller in 1969, but in all actuality, the idea was originated in in
1967 by ministers in France, Germany and Britain. They all agreed "for the purpose of strengthening
European co–operation in the field of aviation technology and thereby promoting economic and
technological progress in Europe, to take appropriate measures for the joint development and
production of an airbus" (Early Days, 1967–1969). They knew that if they did not come up with a
new concept for air flight, that the Americans would always be the leaders in the aircraft industry.
They knew it would take the effort of not just one country, but many that had built different aspects
of planes, and were well known for that contribution. France was to supply the cockpit, the control
systems, and the lower

Pragmatics: Appropriation And Use Of Different Forms Of...
Section1
A) Pragmatics refer to the appropriation and use of different forms of language in their appropriate
social situations. Across the spectrum of social situations there's a range of language forms that are
socially acceptable for each. Learning to recognize in which instance different language forms are
appropriate is known as following pragmatic rules of speech. Communication competence refers to
our capacity to use our different language elements in a way that's effective and completes our
output of speech in a way that helps our communication come across in the context we intended it
for. This relates closely to pragmatic rules and our understanding of them directly relates to our own
communication competence as without following ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This significant jump is vastly theorised but remains unexplained. There is evidence of early
language being based on imitated, repetitive utterances of duality. The idea of imitated, repetitive
utterances originated in the bow wow theory of hunters making animal noises while tracking these
animals. Somehow from this we have developed into having extremely complex language which can
be very ambiguous and its complexity exceeds the possibility for duality in most instances. It has
developed so much to the point where there is literally an open possibility in terms of the sort of
messages that can be portrayed with use of language. The discontinuity problem addresses this gap
in development. Even though language is very innate to most living things, the way it originated and
developed into the complex system it is today the discontinuance of certain parts of one system
when transitioning into the next is unexplainable.
Section 2
Noise is and can be responsible for the misperception of communication which can have disastrous
effect. It can occur internally and externally and affect communication between the sender and
receiver. On March 27th 1977, February 17th 1981 and December 29th 1972 there were catastrophic
air plane crashes as a result of miscommunication, the kind that can only be attributed to

Crash Of The Century Anthropology
A primary source that I found that relates with our course theme of horror and my concentration of
the unknown and unexpected is a documentary called Crash of the Century. This documentary was
created by Discovery World based on a true story. This documentary covers the unknown line of
events that led up to the fatal collision of two fully loaded Boeing 747s. On March 27, 1977, a KLM
747 and a Pan Am 747 were on route to the Gran Canaria International Airport when unexpected
calls were made by Canary Island Separatists that there were bombs at the airport. Authorities closed
down Gran Canaria International Airport and had to divert all flights to a small airport in Los
Rodeos. In total 5 large aircrafts were diverted to this small regional airport that couldn't easily
accommodate the aircrafts. Eventually after almost 4 hours from the original diversion, the KLM
was cleared to go the full length of a runway and do a 180° turn. The Pan Am flight was instructed
to follow the KLM but take the 3rd exit off the runway to their left. The Pan Am passed the 3rd exit
off the runway and the KLM began taking off without proper clearance. Nobody that day could've
predicted that the effects of an airport closing due to a bomb threat would cause the horrific disaster
of two Boeing 747s to collide and create the worst disaster in aviation history. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
By exploring background information on Crash of the Century such as date of horrific event, date of
release of the documentary, and attempts to minimize horror Crash of the Century can accurately be
evaluated in an ethical way. This horror is used to the advantage of the writers David Bedard and
Bernard Vaillot and producer Andy Webb by portraying the horrific unknown during the
introduction of the documentary that attempts to keep viewer watching to the end by using many
important literary devices such as ethos, pathos, logos, and

Boeing : The Production Of Military Fighter And Bomber...
The Boeing Aircraft Company started out specializing in the production of military fighter and
bomber aircraft during the World War II era and then transitioned to the commercial jet age. It was
at this time that the company began producing commercial aircraft alongside military aircraft for
profit. Boeing received financial assistance from the government when they initially began
development and production but it was not until many years later that their investment became
profitable and according to reports, "in the end, the707 was quite profitable, selling 25 percent
above its average cost." (Kerzner, p.92) Boeing's emergence into the commercial aircraft arena with
their 747's was fraught with a lot of financial risks and difficulty it ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They surpassed and even forced out their biggest competitors in the industry, McDonnell Douglas
and the Lockheed Corporation, because their "Jumbo Jet had became Boeing 's most profitable
aircraft and the industry 's most efficient jetliner." (Kerzner, p.92) Another deciding factor propelling
Boeing into the commercial airline sector was their burgeoning need to compete with the Airbus.
"When the Airbus was prospering, the Boeing Company was struggling with rising costs, declining
productivity, delays in deliveries, and production inefficiencies. Boeing Commercial Aircraft Group
lost $1.8 billion in 1997 and barely generated any profits in 1998.18 All through the 1990s; the
Boeing Company looked for ways to revitalize its outdated production manufacturing system on the
one hand, and to introduce leading edge technologies into its jetliners on the other. The development
and production of the 777, first conceived of in 1989, was an early step undertaken by Boeing
managers to address both problems." (Kerzner, p.93) In my assessment of the meetings, decisions
and recommendations discussed between Philip Condit and Jim Guyette are as follows, I believe
that two entered in the agreement with a large breadth of respect for one another and an a legitimate
desire to work together to bring their combined and

Substance Use Assessment Flight
Running head: SUBSTANCE USE ASSESSMENT–FLIGHT
Comprehensive Substance Use Assessment of the Character, Whip Whitaker, Portrayed by Denzel
Washington in the Film Flight (2012) Written by John Gantins and Directed by Robert Zemeckis
Russ Vollmer
University of New England. Abstract
This is a compressive substance use assessment performed by observation of the movie character,
Whip Whitaker, from Flight (2012). Whip is a high–functioning alcoholic and is able to function in
many areas of his life while using. However, his use of substances have had negative effects in his
life and may have contributed to a very serious airline accident in which Whip was the captain of the
flight. A full bio–psychosocial assessment and substance abuse assessment utilizing the ASAM
Criteria, along with treatment recommendations are explored. Comprehensive Substance Use
Assessment of the Character, Whip Whitaker, Portrayed by Denzel Washington in the Film Flight
(2012) Written by John Gantins and Directed by Robert Zemeckis
This story should be the story of a hero. The story of Whip Whitaker, an excellent pilot, who with a
malfunctioning airline jet in a uncontrollable dive to earth and with eminent death quickly
approaching, remained calm and managed to control his own anxiety and direct others to execute an
intuitive and intelligent plan that allowed him to fly and crash land the jet in a controlled manner as
to minimize the loss of life. Out of 102 souls on the flight only 6

Voice Recorder, By Charlie Victor
Charlie Victor Romeo, cockpit voice recorder, is a modern theatrical documentary derived entirely
from the Black Box transcripts of six notable concrete airline emergencies. In this engaging and
intensifying documentary, Charlie Victor Romeo positions the audience into perspective of being
inside a tension–filled cockpits of authentic flights in distress, which proposes an intriguing
representation of the sensibility in a mid–life crisis and a person's life at jeopardy. The six transcript
samples of previous voice recordings came from various air flights and incidents such as flights
American 1572, American Eagle 4184, Aeroperu 603, USAF Yukla 27, Japan Air 123, and United
232. The film primarily portrays a significant purpose of entertainment and political motives, but
also highlights the issue with aviation safety and the usage of air tragedies to depict it along with the
considerate lack of communication and organization established. Thus, to establish an epidemic,
catastrophic disasters must occur to generate great awareness for the issue, so for a similar disaster
to not transpire again. The play opens with a flight attendant demonstrating the airplane precautions,
safety procedures and reminding passengers to fasten their seat belts and to turn off all cellular
devices. Before each new airline scene played, the film displays the name of the flight, location of
trying to land, and number of passengers and crew members that were on the flight. To present
danger within

Lockheed L1011 Case Study, a Recommendation Essays
To: The Board of Directors
From: David F. Akin, Esq.
RE: Recommendation Regarding the Tri Start Wide–body Aircraft Project
Date: 1971 early 72ish
Recommendation:
The L–1011 project should be canceled.
Cancelling the L–1011 project will increase shareholder value by $161.92 per share.
Excluding preproduction sunk costs, including a cost of capital 16%, and sales of 113 units and a per
unit sales price of $16 million, the net present value (NPV) of continuing with the Tri Star is –$
1,829,666,246.
Rationale for Decision:
Our original sales expectations were based on the assumption that we would capture 35% to 40% of
the large body market. We further projected air travel growth of 10%. This would result in a ... Show
Of considerable concern is that Boeing and McDonnel Douglas have a significant head start in the
market. In a shrinking market, the Tri Star, though far superior to the competition, may have missed
the window of opportunity. Airline revenues are down while labor and fuel costs are rising. This will
drive down demand for all producers of wide–body aircraft.
One final and significant concern is the subject of crashes due to explosive decompression (See
"The Wave Dynamics of Explosive Decompression in Jumbo Jets", by V.E. Haloulakas, Eng. D.
1975). Given our current financial condition, wrongful death lawsuits from the families of 400
passengers from just one crash would bankrupt the finest aircraft manufacturer the world has ever
known. An average wrongful death judgment of $300,000 would cost $120 million, excluding
litigation and potential punitive damages. This combined with the doubtful chances of this project
producing any profit makes canceling the project crucial to Lockheed's future.

Conclusion
Canceling this project is a restructuring theme that will have the goal of improving overall–profit
margin through a narrower focus on the company's core military project business. Our competitors
are already well established in the civilian aircraft market. We are not ignorant of the significant
financial, emotional and reputational investment

China Southern Airlines Essay
China Southern Airlines was founded in 1995 and is based in Guangzhou. It is China's largest airline
in terms of fleet size, with 309 aircraft. The airline employees over 45,500 full time employees. Its
main hubs include Guangzhou and Beijing, but it operates in over 150 cities throughout China.
Furthermore, China Southern operates 616 domestic 82 routes, including 90 international routes and
25 routes in Hong Kong and Macau. As China's only company that is in world top ten passenger
airlines, China Southern Airlines is committed to building the core values of "CSAIR" consists of
'customer first, (staff) respecting talent, (advantage)striving for excellence, continuous innovation
and (return)contributing to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That same year, China Southern Airlines also won the "SKYTRAX 2011 World Most Improved
Airline". Parent Company China Southern Airlines Co., Ltd. Tagline/ Slogan Always Cheaper Than
On The Ground USP One of Asia's largest airline in terms of both fleet size and passengers carried
STP Segment Customers looking for punctuality and efficiency Target Group Middle class / Upper
middle class Positioning Smooth and efficient operations SWOT Analysis Strength 1. Largest air
transport network in China with access to over 150 cities and over 600 domestic routes. 2. Centrally
located in Guangdong for easy access to the rapid industrial growth of the Pearl River Delta. 3.
Culturally, politically, linguistically, and historically synchronized with the Chinese market and the
changes occurring within Chinese air transport. 4. Largest domestic cargo carrier 5. History as State
Owned Entity and residual access and political access with the Civil Aviation Administration of
China. Weakness 1. Small air cargo business segment and limited experience in air cargo freight and
overnight transport logistics. 2. Undergoing continuous business reorganization and cultural change
due to Chinese air transport deregulation, recent acquisitions, and alliances. Opportunity 1. Utilize
first–to–market advantage to build customer loyalty

We Must Go Wrong Will Going Wrong
Anything that can go wrong will go wrong. Even with the knowledge that human error, internal and
external factors can, do, and will affect the outcome of any given task, individuals strive towards
creating environments in which risk levels can be safely and satisfactorily managed by facing those
threats head on. There is a lesson behind each disappointment or negative outcome that leads us to a
greater understanding of and appreciation for our surroundings. More importantly, this newfound
knowledge and experience contribute to the evolution of safer, more manageable systems that are
capable of anticipating future threats to any given environment. This type of learning is especially
beneficial in the aviation industry. Without a true appreciation of the costly mistakes that have
forever changed the face of the industry, aviation would neither have evolved into the safest mode of
transportation in the world, nor would it be as rich in technological and human behavioral resources.
We've spent the last years in aviation focusing on increasing safety by trying to perfect the aircraft
only to learn, as Wilbur Wright stated, "[that] the safety of the operator is more important than any
other point. Greater prudence is needed rather than greater skill." Wright suggests that it is not a
measure of technology or individual crewmember capabilities, rather the issue at the center of
aviation is the lack of caution and preparation that exists within the cabin. Information gathered
from

Lee Campbell Flight 811 Investigation
Lee Campbell Flight 811 Investigation Anthony Vallido Aviation Safety 409 Abstract United
Airlines Flight 811 left Honolulu bound for Auckland, New Zealand on February 24, 1989. A few
minutes in the flight the cargo doors blew out and because of the decompression, nine passengers
were immediately sucked out of the plane. The debris from the cargo door damaged the planes
Number 3 and 4 engines. Captain David Cronin prepared for an emergency landing. The parents of
one of the fatalities, Lee Campbell, investigated the accident because they want to know what
caused the cargo door to open in midair. Kevin and Susan Campbell were very persistent and
relentless in their fight to prove that the cause of the cargo door opening is a malfunction ... Show
From these documents they found information that was not released to the public. There were
reports that there disturbing problems with the forward cargo door going right back to its original
design. Instead of a plug door that gets jammed into its frame as the aircraft pressure rises, Boeing
opted for an outward opening door which allows for more cargo space but the door is not failsafe
like the plug design so Boeing built was they thought was a fool proof locking mechanism. Boeing
built in multiple redundancies to make sure the door is properly latched and does not open. They
built it to a point where it is extremely improbable for the door to open. The Campbell's discovered
that the problem lies with the locking mechanism. To lock the cargo door on the 747, electric motors
rotate C–shaped latches around pins in the door frame. A handle then moves L–shaped arms known
as locking sectors over the top of the C–shaped latches to prevent them opening. But as early as
1975, problems were found with the locking sectors. Kevin Campbell, an experienced engineer,
built a model to show the weakness of the Boeing design. Initially the locking mechanisms were
made of aluminum and in 1975 they did not realize that it was not strong enough. The weakness of
the aluminum drastically increased the risk of the door accidentally opening. With the aluminum
locking sectors, if the C locks tried to backwind open

Outliers : The Story Of Success
n this psychological non–fiction book, Outliers: The Story of Success, by Malcolm Gladwell, he
explains several different strategies and methods to achieve success. He is a firm believer in
potential and opportunities; and that making the most of those opportunities is what ensures results.
He focuses on time and opportunity as being significant in realizing potential, and believes in the
motto "practice makes perfect" and refers to the "10,000–Hr Rule," in ensuring mastery of a skill.
Gladwell discusses success, and the driving reasons behind why some people are significantly more
successful than others. He also explains this by dividing the book into two parts, opportunity and
legacy. Opportunity discusses how select people are fortunate enough to be born between the
months of January through March, and also includes the idea that those who are already successful
will have more opportunities to improve and become even more successful. The 10,000–hour rule
proves the idea that in order to become successful in a certain skill, one must have practiced that
skill for at least 10,000 hours. In addition to the 10,000–hour rule, timing is also a major component
that implies being in the right place at the right time, which brings the author to discuss Bill Gates
who was born during the time where programming and computer technology was emerging,
therefore sparking his interest in computers, later bringing him to create Microsoft. Another point
Gladwell brings forth is the notion

Essay On Boeing 747 And Airbus

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