The First World War ( Wwi )
The First World War (WWI) was fought from 1914 to 1918 and the Second World War (or WWII) was fought from 1939 to 1945. They were the
largest military conflicts in human history. Both wars involved military alliances between different groups of countries.
World War I was centered on Europe. The world warring nations were divided into two groups namely 'The Central Powers' and 'The Allied Powers'.
The central powers group consisted of Germany, Austria–Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria. The Allied powers group consisted of France, Britain, Russia,
Italy, Japan, and (from 1917) the U.S.
World War II, the opposing alliances are now referred to as 'The Axis' and 'The Allies'. The Axis group consisted of Germany, Italy, and Japan. The
Allies group consisted of France, Britain, the U.S., the Soviet Union, and China. World War II was especially heinous because of the genocide of
Jewish people perpetrated by the Nazis.
The causes of World War Iwere six. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria on 28 June 1914, the heir to the throne of
Austria–Hungary was the trigger for the war. He was killed by Serbian nationalists. Austria–Hungary invaded Serbia. At same time Germany invaded
Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Russia attacked Germany. Several alliances formed over the past decades were invoked, so within weeks the
major powers were at war; as all had colonies, the conflict soon spread around the world.
The Versailles Treaty signed at the end of World War I not only lay
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Outline: The Renaissance In Italy
Michael Wall
AP European History
Chapter 10 Outline: Renaissance and Discovery
: The Renaissance in Italy Some Scholars agree that the Renaissance (1375–1527)was a transition from medieval to the dawn of modern times
Different from the feudal differences of medieval times, Renaissance Europe was shaped by growing national and political centralization, an urban
economy based on organized commerce and capitalism, and growing lay control of secular thought and cultureThe Italian City State
2. Growth of City–States
When commerce revived in the eleventh century, Italian merchants mastered the organizational skills needed for trade: book–keeping, scouting new
markets, securing new markets, and banking
During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Early humanists
Francesco Petrarch–the father of humanism
Wrote personal letters to Cicero, Livy, Virgil, and Horace
Wrote a Latin Epic poem, Africa, a tribute to a Roman general, and biographies of famous Roman men
Sonnets to Laura remains his most famous work
Classical and Christian values coexist in his works b. Dante Alighieri
Wrote Vita Nuova and Divine Comedy which were far less secular than Petrarch's works c. Giovanni Boccaccio
Wrote Decameron, a collection of one hundred tales told by three men and seven women in a country retreat away from plague–ravaged Florence; it is
a social commentary about sexual and economic misconduct as well as a sympathetic look at human nature
8. Educational Reforms and

Napoleon 's Reign Over Italy
Italy, as it is known today, has been in existence for less than one hundred fifty years. For several centuries, Italy had been made up of separate states
often ruled by foreign powers. In 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte invaded and conquered the Italian peninsula. After falling under French rule, the peninsula
was divided into three parts: several northern states, which were annexed to France, the Kingdom of Italy, of which Napoleon declared himself king in
1805, and the Kingdom of Naples in the south. Napoleon and the French brought new ideas about society and governing with them. They also
brought the concepts of freedom and nationalism with them, which might have sparked Italy's later attempts to achieve unity. Napoleon's reign over
Italy crumbled with his defeat in 1814. Shortly after, parts of Italy were distributed amongst other European countries, particularly Austria, and
returned to former rulers by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Many people were unhappy with the actions of the Congress and secret societies started
to grow to oppose these rulers and promote the idea of a united Italy. One of the secret societies set up in opposition to foreign rulers was called the
Carbonari. This nationalistic, revolutionary group started in Naples and spread northward. In 1820 they carried out a successful revolution in Naples
which forced King Ferdinand I to set up a new constitution and parliament, but it was soon squashed by the Austrians. All their future uprisings failed,
and in

Analysis Of ' Dante Gabrielle Rossetti ' Essay
Tim Mitchell Mr. Berkoben English IV 26 October 2016 Dante Gabrielle Rossetti Rossetti was a man of many talents that accomplished many things
in his lifetime and changing the way people looked at things on art, poetry, writings, sculptors, and politics. Changing the way people looked at the
certain aspects of the world, Rossetti also faced hardship and grievances with conflict in his life. Strong enough to push through it, he was a man of
wonders that unfold as he grows. This essay will explore the life of dante Gabrielle Rossetti the British pre–Raphaelite poet from London. Looking
over his works and accomplishments starting from poems all the way to his other works. Examine the impact of Dante Gabrielle Rossetti mark in
history and why he is or isn't important. Rossetti's father Gabriele moved to England 4 years before Dante was born. Rossetti was a dante scholar who
was exiled for poetry encouraging neapolitan constitution in 1819. (Neapolitan constitution of 1819: secret group such as the carbonari who supported
the constitution and sought to bring self–government to the kingdom of the two sicilies which included naples in place of austrian backed monarch,
ferdinand, but failed.)With that happening he settled in london in 1824. Rossetti 's wife frances polidori trained to be a governess and watched over
kids early education. Born in London 12 may 1828, not far from Oxford Circus also called the genteel poverty pretty state a refined poverty. Early life of

The Emergence Of Italian Nationalism
The emergence of Italian nationalism began in the Renaissance Era and was then encouraged by key Italian figures, leading to the unification of Italy
which was overall beneficial for the country.
(mention benefits for Italy and how it is today)
Before unification, Italy was a collection of different independent states. The Italian Wars, which went on from 1494 to 1559, were fought for the
control of these Italian states by European powers. The most consistently fought over city–states in Italy were Naples, Florence, Venice, Sicily, and the
Papal State of Rome. Many European powers were involved in the beginning, but soon the wars became a struggle between mainly France and Spain.
While the Italian Wars were harsh on Italy, they helped to spread the Italian Renaissance throughout Western Europe. The Renaissance Era began a new
way of thinking, which has been traced to the beginnings of Italian nationalism, which has contributed to the Unification of Italy.
The Italian Wars began in 1494, when Charles VIII of France invaded Italy, and in 1495 conquered Naples. When challenged by Spain, the Roman
Emperor, the pope, Venice, and Milan, France was forced to retreat. Charles' VIII successor, Louis XII had control over Milan and Genoa in 1499.
The second Italian War occurred when Louis then gained control of Naples by getting permission from Pope Alexander VI, and agreeing to share it
with Ferdinand V of Spain. This resulted in disagreements between France and Spain

What Is Prospero In The Tempest
In Shakespeare's Tempest, Prospero is in complete control of his life and the lives of those around him. With the help of his spirit Ariel, he bends
the weather and the minds of others in order to produce the exact chain of events that will bring his family back into power after his brother
usurped his dukedom. From the beginning of the play, he has a fairly accurate idea of what will happen and informs the reader of his plans as the
play progresses. However, one detail that Prospero fails to mention is what the last third of his life consists of. Prospero reveals that one third of
his life is his daughter Miranda while another third is thoughts of his death. The last third is not mentioned which leaves the reader guessing as to
what Prospero deems to be as significant in his life as his daughter and his death. With his dukedom restored, his enemies at his mercy, and
possession of his magic books, the last third of his life is anything but predictable. Despite his large reliance on magic, it seems that the rest of
Prospero's life is concerned with his ultimate goal of pleasing others. First, one should establish the scope of the first two thirds that Prospero
mentions. In act 4, scene 1, Prospero has given Ferdinand his daughter Miranda in marriage. In doing so... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He specifically states that his daughter and death are two thirds of his life. The last third is concerned with pleasing others as seen through the
forgiving of his brother and giving his daughter to Ferdinand. These thirds of his life were actually controlling him throughout the play by
influencing his actions. The elaborate plan he devises has the sole purposes of ensuring a good life for his daughter and pleasing others before he
dies. Perhaps Shakespeare is using Prospero to suggest that life truly consists of only the things that inspire us to act as Prospero breaks his life up into
the aspects which make him

Ap European History Outline Chapter 10 Essay example
Mr. Dunbar
AP European History
Chapter 10 Outline: Renaissance and Discovery
Section One: The Renaissance in Italy * Section Overview * Jacob Burckhardt, a Swiss historian, described the Renaissance as the "prototype of the
modern world" in his book Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy (1860) * In Italy blossomed new secular and scientific views * People became to
approach the world empirically and draw rational conclusions based on observation * Burckhardt saw the emergence of the modern world emerge from
that of the pre–modern, or medieval, period * Some criticize Burckhardt for overlooking the continuity between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance *
Scholars agree ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
* Despotism in Florence * Cosimo's grandson, Lorenzo the Magnificent, ruled Florence in a totalitarian fashion during the last quarter century of the
fifteenth century * Lorenzo's brother had been assassinated by a rival family, the Pazzi, who had long plotted with the pope against the Medicis which
made Lorenzo a cautious ruler * Despotism throughout Renaissance Italy * Oligarchies, or a small group of wealthy elites, hired strongmen, or
despots, known as podesta to maintain law and order * Podesta held executive, military, and judicial authority, and had the task of maintaining the
normal flow of business activity in the city state by whatever means necessary * Condottieri–military brokers who sent mercenary armies who were
hired by the despots of the different city–states; since the despots could not rely on the loyalty of their divided populaces to serve as soldiers, they
relied on mercenaries who they contracted through condottieri * Some despots, like the Visconti and Sforza families in Milan, came to rule their
respective city–states free from interference from oligarchies * Political turbulence and warfare of the Renaissance period gave rise to the art of
diplomacy and many despots established resident embassies and appointed ambassadors to other powerful city–states and nations * Humanism *
Scholars debate over the meaning of

Essay on Thirty Years War
Thirty Years War Philip, Spanish kings. Philip I (the Handsome), 1478
–1506, king of Castile (1506), was the son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I
and Mary of Burgundy. He inherited Burgundy and the Low Countries from his mother and was titular joint ruler of Castile with his wife, Joanna.
But her father ruled these lands as his regent, so he contested (1504) Ferdinand's regency and assumed (1506) joint rule of Castile with his wife.
Philip's early death, however, and his wife's deteriorating mental condition allowed Ferdinand to resume joint control of Castile. The Low Countries
passed to Philip's son, who later became Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Philip II, 1527–98, king of Spain (1556–98), king of Naples and Sicily
(1554–98)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But the nation fought in Italy (1615–17) and entered the Thirty Years War. Although the church prospered and the grandees accumulated vast estates,
the Spanish economy declined, partly as a result of Philip's expulsion (1609–14) of the Moriscos. During Philip's reign, Spanish culture flourished and
gave to the world great artists such as the author Cervantes and the painter El Greco. Philip IV, 1605–65, king of Spain, Naples, and Sicily (1621–65)
and, as Philip III, king of Portugal (1621–40), intelligent but lacking energy, was unable to prevent Spain's political and economic decline. The Thirty
Years War continued until 1648, and the war with France (1621–59) ended with Spain's humiliation. Portugal revolted (1640), Catalonia was occupied
by the French, and Spain had to recognize the independence of the Netherlands (1648). Philip was a patron of the arts and, thanks to Velazquez, was
perhaps the most frequently portrayed king in history. The accession of Philip V, 1683
–1746, the first Bourbon king of Spain (1700–1746), precipitated
the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) because his grandfather, Louis XIV of France, had accepted the Spanish throne for Philip. By the Peace
of Utrecht, Spain lost much territory, including the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, and Sicily. Philip was forced to introduce the Salic law of succession,
which forbade female monarchs and thus precluded the crown's personal union with France. The

Conflicts Between The Ottoman And Habsburg Empires
In this essay I will break down and give background on the conflicts between the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires. I will compare and contrast a few of
the economical differences between these empires.
The Ottoman and Habsburg Empires were two well recognized empires of the 1400's. They were conquerors with fairly large imperial goals. Though
both of them were strong and formidable, they both had their own share of weaknesses. The Ottoman Empire was more than capable of holding their
own on land, but when it came to the waters, the Habsburg held the upper hand. This come from the Habsburg looking to the seas for expansion. This
is how they became advantageous across the sea.
The Ottoman Empire is almost directly correlated to the decline of Byzantium. The Ottomans had men stationed in nearly 100 forts and 100 castles.
Doing this enabled him to maintain pressure on the Christian infidels out east. The Ottoman Empire had not had their own foothold until around 1354,
when they got a hold of a peninsula roughly 100 miles southwest of Constantinople. When this was accomplished, it was recognized that the time of the
Ottomans conquering Constantinople was edging closer and closer. Using their superiority, intellect and vast numbers the Ottomans attacked the
weakest part of the Byzantine defense, the west walls of Constantinople. The Ottoman Empire was very strong and some had seen them as bullies.
Through numerous victories the Ottomans had become blind. They were distracted by their

Nationalism and War Essay
Nationalism and War
Does nationalism have a relationship with the causes of the wars between 1792 and 1914? This can be disputed through the events of the French
Revolution, the Napoleonic Wars, the unification struggles of Germany and Italy in the late 1800's, the Alliance systems of the late 1800's and the
assassination of the Austrian archduke before the outbreak of World War 1.
During the French Revolution in 1792, an effort was made to remove Austrian presence from French lands. This came about in part because King
Louis XVI wanted to seek help from the Austrians to remove the reformers, persuading France to declare war on Austria. The Jacobins were afraid that
this war would have an irreversible effect on the Revolution. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many of the wars during this time led to nationalistic feelings in the countries that Napoleon had conquered. This became visible in the resistance of
the Spanish and Prussians after Napoleon conquered them. Spain revolted because Napoleon took away the privileges of the nobles and made his
brother, who the Spanish considered a foreigner, king. Similarly, during the War of Liberation, patriotic and nationalistic principles ledPrussia to revolt
against the French invasion. With great patriotism and nationalism, Prussia defeated France in1813. The Napoleonic Wars were not wars of nationalism,
but were of one man's dream of being a conqueror.
At another time in history, Bismarck was instrumental in the unification of Germany. It was his thirst for expansion and Prussian rule throughout
Germany that drove him. It was during the unification of the southern states that nationalism played an essential role. With the help of Austria,
Bismarck's first strike was at Denmark in 1864. Austria only joined in the hope that Schleswig and Holstein would not become part of Prussia. This
was a catalyst for the Austro–Prussian war in 1866 that resulted in the defeat of Austria. In agreement, Prussia assumed territorial control over
Schleswig and Holstein and other German states. Consequently, this led to the unification of the northern states, leaving Austria out of Prussian affairs

Saint Anthony : The Life Of St. Anthony
St. Anthony was born in Lisbon in 1195 and was baptized "Ferdinand." His parents were of nobility. Some writers of the fifteenth century posited
that his father was Martin Bouillon, a descendant of the famous Godfrey de Bouillon, commander of the First Crusade; and his mother, Theresa
Tavejra, was a descendant of Froila I, fourth king of Asturia. However, this genealogy is unproven. Nevertheless, his parents were faithful and
sought to hand their faith onto their son. He also was privileged to receive his early education at the cathedral school of Lisbon. At the age of 15,
Ferdinand joined the Canons Regular of St. Augustine in Lisbon. Two years later, he transferred to the monastery in Coimbra to avoid the
distractions from frequent visits of relatives and friends. During this time, he studied diligently and, being gifted with an excellent memory, he
attained an excellent knowledge of theology, sacred Scripture and the Church fathers. In 1220, the five bodies of the first Franciscan Martyrs, who
were martyred in Morocco at the hands of the Moslems, were returned to Portugal. They were brought to the Church of Santa Croce in Coimbra for
burial where Ferdinand was stationed. Moved by their witness of faith in suffering martyrdom, Ferdinand also desired to preach the gospel to the
Moslems and even give his own life for our Lord. To pursue this desire, he left the Augustinians and joined the Order of Friars Minor, the Franciscans,
and took the name "Anthony." St. Anthony

The Imperialist Practices Of The Western World Essay
For years the imperialistic practices of the western world caused unrest and turmoil in other parts of the world. A new political idea and cultural view,
that states should be organized exclusively around ethnic unities, clashed with imperialistic practices. This new political idea was called nationalism.
Together, imperialism and nationalism would add the fuel needed to ignite the great world war. Innovations in warfare through modern industry, would
prove to be the metaphoric and literal fire of damage. World War Iwould become the most destructive and reformative wars of all of the previous
wars in history. Imperialism, the desire to expand empires overseas through colonization, began as early as the 1400's. European's began what is
known as the "voyages of discovery". These expeditions allowed them to take advantage of trade networks across Africa and Asia. The Europeans used
their desire to spread Christianity, opportunity for profits, and expansion of their empires, as reasons for colonizing other regions. Imperialism often led
to the devastation of the native cultures through humiliation, slavery, torture, and depopulation through killing and disease. The imperialistic view of
westerners, being superior to other cultures, carried on through centuries (Pavlac, pp. 189–190). The political idea of nationalism originated in the
1800's in Haiti, who had been colonized by Spain and Portugal. The philosophy behind nationalism is that states should be organized around

Machiavelli: The RenaissanceвЂ™s Anti-Humanist
By the turn of the sixteenth century, the Italian Renaissance had produced writers such as DantГ©, Petrarch, Boccaccio and Castiglione, each with
ideas rooted in the revival of Greek and Roman Classics, localization of the Christian traditions, idealistic opinions of women and individualism. From
these authors spread the growth of the humanistic movement which encompassed the entirety of the Italian rebirth of arts and literature. One among
many skeptics, including Lorenzo Valla, who had challenged the Catholic Church fifty years earlier in proving the falsity of the Donation of
Constantine, NiccolГІ Machiavelli projected his ideas of fraudulence into sixteenth century Italian society by suggesting that rulers could only maintain
power... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
His immersion into foreign culture and exposure to princes dissimilar to his own, namely the Louis XII and Cesare Borgia, began with a diplomatic
mission to France in 1500. It was before the French court at Nevers that Machiavelli was fundamentally astounded and soon became envious of the
strong and central French government because he believed it to have more power than Florentine republics, which had been modeled after classical
republics such as ancient Rome.11 Upon his return from France, Florence mandated that Machiavelli control the state's affairs with Cesare Borgia,
Pope Alexander VI's illegitimate son, who had had attempted to unite the Italian City Stat as part of his regime from 1492 to 1503 during the Italian
Wars.12 Despite Borgia's widespread hatred, Machiavelli noticed that he possessed many qualities of what he believed to be an ideal prince, such as
utilizing Catholic justification under God and the devastation of the

Research Paper On Spanish Culture
Spanish Culture: People and Origin
Spain to most it remains a mystery. Puzzled they ask, "Where did they come from? What are they like? Why do they have such a diverse culture?"
these questions could only be answered by a true Spaniard, and seeing whereas I am not, I was at a genuine a loss. I decided to look it up this report
is a compilation of my findings. In order to fully understand Spain and her people, one must first understand their origin, where they came from.
Two groups entered the Iberian Peninsula; the Celts and the Iberians. The Celts, who came via the Pyrenees, one of Iberia's northern mountain ranges,
and spread across the Atlantic coastline. They supported themselves by herding and by working iron. The Iberians, so deemed by the Greeks, came up
from North Africa, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Gallegan is of a dreamy disposition, poetical, and imaginative, superstisous, apt to believe in apparitions and to feel the presence of the
super–natural world.
The Austrian is less reserved and more consciously intelligent, less cautious, and more vivacious. He is still deeply poetical, but the faith at times
naГЇve, of the Gallegan, is where undermined by a quite yet keen since of humor. A sturias has given Spain several of her enlightened statesmen.
The Basque are forest–men, fishermen, and peasants. They are strong, healthy and simple. In recent years their inherent spirit of enterprise has
blossomed to such an extent that now the Basque has become the chief capitalist of modern Spain. The Basque is apt to hold fast to his opinions, as
people who have not many opinions to spare want to do. He is stern, loyal uncompromising and

The Invention Of The War
War has been an important part of society since humans wandered the earth, it played an important role in shaping society the way it is today. War
comes from an disagreement between two civilizations and as an outcome different tools and technologies have been implemented to assist in a
civilization coming out victorious. One major technological advancement that revolutionized wars was gunpowder. "The military art has been changed
by the invention of gunpowder; which enables man to command the two most powerful agents of nature, air and fire. Mathematics, chymistry,
mechanics, architecture, have been applied to the service of war; and the adverse parties oppose to each other the most elaborate modes of attack and
of defence." After the ancient Chinese alchemists used gunpowder to make fireworks and firecrackers. After making its way into Europe it was
adapted by English and French military and played a crucial part in the way wars were fought. Gunpowder is the most important technology that
revolutionized warfare thought out the Middle Ages in Europe as it influenced the Hundred Year War, the Invasion of Italy and the destruction of the
British Parliament. The invention of gunpowder came from ancient China*, the book Pao P'u Tzu from the Jin Dynasty (265–317A.D.) says that the
Taoist Alchemists crushed up saltpetre and sulphur. They made a mixture from the crushed powders and used them in alchemy experiments. They were
not aware of the explosive property of this mixture

Archduke Franz Ferdinand Research Paper
I believe that June 28th, 1914, was perhaps the one of the single most defining moments of the 20th century. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife,
Princess Sophie of Hohenberg, assassinations shook a fragile European peace down to its roots. While Franz Ferdinand was not the emperor of the
Habsburg Empire at the time of his death, Serbian nationalist extremist group, the Black Hand, planned, and executed, their assassination in hopes that
his death would start a war that would free what was then Bosnia from Austrian rule. While the decision to target Franz Ferdinand was relatively
arbitrary, the Black Hand wanted to target some member of the Habsburg Dynasty that would trigger their Bosnian revolution. Ultimately with some
planning, and a lot of luck, the Serbian members of the Black Hand were presented with their chance at Austrian aristocracy.... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He was the eldest born son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria and his second wife, Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon–Two Sicilies. Ferdinand's
father, Karl Ludwig was the younger brother of Franz Joseph, the emperor of the Habsburg Empire at the time. In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's cousin, and
heir to the Austria–Hungary thrown, Crown Prince Rudolf, committed suicide at his hunting lodge leaving Ferdinand's' father, Karl Ludwig, the heir to
the throne. However, shortly there after in 1896, Karl Ludwig died of typhoid fever making Ferdinand the heir to the Habsburg Empire. From that
point forward, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed Franz Joseph as the ruling emperor of the Habsburg

Amistad Movie Essay
The movie Amistad is about a group of African slaves who were illegally transported to the United States and the case that decided if they will return to
Africa.
It was directed by Steven Spielberg, based on the true story of the events in 1839 aboard the slave ships La Amistad and the Tecora, This events
happened in Connecticut, United States, Cuba and Africa.
This film started when the slaves guided by CinquГ© led a revolt in the slave ship La Amistad. The slaves forced two Spanish crewman to take them
to Africa, but they ended in the U.S. The ship was captured and the slaves were taken to jail, meanwhile the trail started. Queen Isabella 2 of Spain
and William S. Holabird were debating about who will keep the slaves, while Roger Baldwin and Theodore Joadson defended the case. First they
proved that they were Africans, not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
CinquГ© was born in 1814 in what is now Sierra Leone (His exact date of birth remains unknown). He was a rice Farmer with a wife and three
children, when he was captured illegally by African slave traders in 1839 and sold to Pedro Blanco, a Portuguese slave trader. He was imprisoned on
the Portuguese slave ship Tecora. CinquГ© was taken to Cuba, where he was sold with 110 more slaves to Spaniards JosГ© Ruiz and Pedro Montez.
After Roger Baldwin and John Quincy Adams won the case United States vs. La Amistad, CinquГ© and the others returned to their homes in Africa.
In the movie Amistad, CinquГ© was represented as an angry and intelligent man who only wanted to keep his fellow slaves safe and to return to
Africa with his family. CinquГ© tried to speak English, so people can understand him, and at one point of the movie he said "give us, us free" which
was very impresive and showed that they were not wild, they were people with rights and feeling, the only difference was the color of their

Catal Hyuk
CHAPTER ONE: Before History IDENTITIES: Complex Society Paleolithic Venus Figurines Metallurgy Social Class/Social Structure Lucy Neolithic
Lascaux Cave Paintings Neolithic Revolution Agricultural Revolution MAP: Olduvai Gorge Neander Valley Catal Huyluk Lascaux CHAPTER TWO:
Early Societies in SW Asia and Indo–European Migrations IDENTITIES: The Epic of Gilgamesh Sargon of Akkad Hammurabi's Codes/Laws Stele
Assyrians Economic Specialization Stratified Patriarchal Society Elite, Commoner, Dependent, Slave Cuneiform Moses Polytheism Cross–Cultural
Interaction Cross–Cultural Exchange Semitic City–state Hammurabi Indo–Europeans... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Augustine Constantine Visigoths Huns 476 ce Bishop of Rome CHAPTER 12: Cross–Cultural Exchange on the Silk Road IDENTITIES: Monsoon
Winds Taklamakan Desrt Missionaries Epidemics Expatriate Merchants Bubonic Plague Bishop of Rome 476 ce Nestorians Syncretic/syncretism Small
Pox St. Augustine Manicheaism MAP: Kush Himalaya Mountains Taklamakan Desert Taxila Persian Gulf Arabia Tyre Red Sea South China Sea
Ceylon Bactria Chang'an Hindu Kush Mountains Madagascar Kashgar Caspian Sea Palmyra Antioch Arabian Sea Damasacus Guandzhou Pondicherry
Samarkand Sumatra Java Parthia CHAPTER 13: The Commonwealth of Byzantium IDENTITIES: Byzantine Commonwealth Caesaropapism Corpus
iuris civilis "Greek Fire" Schism Saint Cyril and Methodius Sasanids Hagia Sophia Theme System Iconoclasm Fourth Crusade MAPS: Balkan
Peninsula Egypt Constantinople Alexandria Kiev Mediterranean

Spanish Sicily Research Paper
Finally, Spanish Sicily began to fall apart near the end of the Thirty Years War and in 1647 there was a revolt in Palermo. Spanish troops were sent
in and a Cardinal named Trivulzio took the position of viceroy. In 1674 another revolt broke out in Messina, this time mainly led by the upper class
who were trying to cling to their privileges. French troops were then sent by Louis XIV to stem the revolt and restore order. Fighting between the
French and Spanish ensued and in the end France left the island around 1677.
In 1669 Mt. Etna, on the eastern coastal area of Sicily, erupted and destroyed Catania. Then in 1693 there was an earthquake on the eastern side of the
island which completed the destruction of Catania, and devastated all the cities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When his testament is released, it is revealed that Sicily is left to a Bourbon (Spanish Bourbon family line) who is the grandson of King Louis XIV,
Philip V. However, an international congressional group in Europe gave Sicily to the Duke of Savoy in Piedmont. In 1713 Duke Victor Amedeo was
crowned King in Palermo. Sicily went through five years of his rule, then through fourteen years, until 1734, under the last Austrian Hapsburg in Sicily,
and finally landed under the ruling Spanish Bourbon family.
Charles III of the Spanish Bourbons seized the Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily and was crowned King on May 15, 1734. After the Napoleonic
threat had passed, in 1816, King Ferdinand IV of Naples and III of Sicily retitles himself King Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies. This began factions of
unrest and a call from the people to unite with Italy. After Ferdinand I died in 1859 his son, Ferdinand II, became king.
A radical by the name of Giuseppe Garibaldi arrived in Sicily with a revolutionary army sometime around 1860. Garibaldi and his "Red Shirts" army
would fight the Bourbon king and by October had routed the Kings troops. Garibaldi then issued a decree to the people which ordered the unification
of the Bourbon Kingdom and the Italian northern realm. He lived for seventy–five years and Sicily mourned his death in 1882, credited with having
freed Sicily and being instrumental in uniting

How Does Romeo Change Throughout The Tempest
At the end of William Shakespeare's, The Tempest, the main protagonist is faced with the subject of whether or not he can return to his dukedom of
Milan a good leader. In the beginning, Prospero's brother, Antonio, dethrones Prospero as he lost sight of the limit of the power he possessed.
Becoming obsessed and primarily focused on his studies of magic, Prosperous gave the management of his domain to Antonio in order to keep the
nation running. Antonio soon took on a larger role in the government, breaking the screen between a proxy to Prospero and the true duke to Milan.
Overthrown, Prospero was cast away to a desert island where he would spend the next ten years awaiting his return to Milan. While on the island
Prosperous has a change of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Act V Scene 2, Prospero finally confronts all of the visitors of the island, from the King of Naples to the boatswain and his crewmates. The two most
important interactions that outline his change in character are the ones between his brother Antonio, and the King of Naples, Alonso. Prospero takes
the initiative and forgives his brother, twice. He confronts Antonio, "I do forgive thee, / Unnatural though thou art" (V.i.88
–89) and, "I do forgive / Thy
rankest fault, all of them" (V.i.151–152). Lines like these show an overview of Prospero's new character at the end of the play. The first of change is
admitting the wrongs and moving on from the past, both of which Prospero does. Prospero's opinions about Alonso is also decidedly different
from the beginning of the play. When talking to Miranda, Prospero refers to the Kind as "being an enemy" (I.ii.145) as well as Antonio composing
"A treacherous army" (I.ii.152) of both the forces of Milan and Naples. It is clear that Prospero initially had strong feelings against the Naples family
tree and kingdom. However, alongside the marriage of Ferdinand, the prince of Naples, and Prospero's own daughter, relations between the two seem
to have bettered by the end. Prospero only treats Alonso with respect saying, "I embrace thy body" (V.i.120) and, "Let me embrace thine age, whose
honor cannot / Be measured or confined" (V.i.135–136). Prospero already begins to deal with the politics of Milan has he ensures that the relationship
between the two countries is strong. These attempts show that Prosper is more disposed to his people and no longer just

Essay on Failure of the Italian Revolutions
The failure of the Italian revolutions cannot be attributed to one reason as there are a plethora of reasons which could be cited as a main cause. The
main reasons which could be argued as the most important reasons for the failure of the Italian revolts are the lack of organisation within revolutionary
groups, the Austrian army's strength, the political and military inexperience of those in power, the Pope's abandonment of the revolution, the hesitation
of Charles Albert to front the campaign of unity and Bonaparte's intervention. In 1815 Italy was not recognised as a country, Metternich, an Austrian
statesman, said "The word 'Italy' is a geographical expression, a description which is useful shorthand, but has none of the political ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Carbonari, in 1820, participated in a revolt in Naples against King Ferdinand's government where the peasants and even the royal troops took part.
Terrified of the revolting people, King Ferdinand vowed to give all adult males the vote through a constitution. However, he had no intention of doing
this and did not grant adult men the vote. Ferdinand told the Congress of Laibach that he had been forced to grant change and requested the Austrians
to help regain order within his country. Metternich sent the superior Austrian army into Naples where they easily overcame the rebels. The savage
treatment of his people caused uproar and in 1821 the peasants took over Turin, the capital of Sardinia–Piedmont, causing the king (Victor Emmanuel)
to relinquish his role and hand power to his nephew, Charles Albert. Victor's brother, Charles Felix was unhappy with Charles Albert acting as
Victor's replacement and asked Metternich to help him stop the revolts. The Austrian Army marched in again and controlled the peasants but Charles
Albert was forced to flee due to his promise of change to the rebels. There were more revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States in 1831 led by
the Carbonari but yet again the Austrian army quelled them. Also, when Charles Albert reclaimed power in Sardinia there was hope he would support
liberal ideas but he left people disillusioned by his cowardice in not supporting reform so not to

Essay on The Battle of Stalingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad
The battle of Stalingrad was fought between the invading forces of Nazi Germany and the forces of Soviet Union who were defending the city. The
battle was fought from August
1942 to February of 1943. This was the decisive battle of World War II because it ended the German offensive as well as destroying much of the
German armies. Though the early stages of World War II focused on Western Europe, Hitler had diverted his attention to
Russia by 1941. At first the huge German war machine focused on Leningrad and Moscow.
This attack failed and so by the summer of 1942 Hitler wanted to invade southern Russia.
Against the advice of his generals Hitler attacked Stalingrad. The German forces took ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now, Germany turned toward France and surprised the allies by invading through Belgium. Within several weeks France was occupied and the
British had been driven off the continent. By July 1940, Germany dominated nearly all of continental Europe, as Italy was an ally and Russia was
neutral. Germany saw Britain as its last remaining enemy and so prepared for an invasion. In order to do so Hitler recognized that air supremacy
would be necessary for any successful invasion to take place.
The German air force, the Luftwaffe, was met with great resistance, and by late 1940 Hitler gave up hope of an immediate invasion of Britain. At this
point, the best strategy for
Germany would have been to attack North Africa and the Middle East as this would give
Germany the Suez Canal and therefore would cut off Britain's supply of oil. Instead Hitler's obsession with a vast eastern European empire had
already determined that his next course of action would be to invade the Soviet Union. With western Europe secure, for the time being, Hitler decided
to embark on a massive campaign through the Soviet Union. This was known as Operation Barbarossa. It would eventually be the greatest land battle in
history, with over 25 million casualties from its beginning in June 1941 to its end in July 1943 when the Soviets began a counter offensive that would
eventually lead to Germany's defeat in 1945. Operation Barbarossa

Mood : S Song Scene In William Shakespeare's The Tempest
Mood sets the tone for an entire scene and, if properly utilized, visually illustrates the meaning of words. In William Shakespeare's The Tempest,
Ferdinand's ship has wrecked on a mysterious island leaving him traumatized and isolated and he hears a strange voice in the background. Ariel's song
scene helps the audience understand, without the aid of written text, the turmoil that Ferdinand is suffering via the manipulation of lighting, sound,
and visual props, all of which embody Ferdinand's sensory overload while he searches for solace in the wake of his father's death.
To begin, the scene, Act I Scene ii, opens with Ariel singing, "Come unto these yellow sands, And then take hands. Curtsied when you have, and kiss'd
The wild waves whist./ Foot it featly here and there,/ And, sweet sprites/ bear The burden/ Hark, hark!...Hark, hark!/ I hear The strain of strutting
chanticleer"(1.ii, 375–381, 385–387). Ariel is singing to Ferdinand, son of King Alsono, who has landed on an island after a shipwreck. Prospero
ordered Ariel to guide Ferdinand to him, so Ariel sings her song ushering Ferdinand through the yellow sand through the forest to Prospero. While Ariel
is singing to him, Ferdinand's mind is running amuck, he washed up on a mysterious island without his father with him, he is disoriented and someone
is singing quietly to him.
In order to set the mood for the scene, lighting is crucial to the audience's understanding. Throughout Ariel's song, he would be

ShakespeareвЂ™s Use of Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's...
Shakespeare's Use of Ovid's Metamorphoses and Virgil's Aeneid as Basis for The Tempest
William Shakespeare, as did most writers of his time, took the basis for the stories he wrote from other texts. He would use source poems or
mythology in order to write his own works. Romeo and Juliet, for example, can be compared to the tragedy of Pyramus and Thisby. Plays such as
Richard III and Julius Caesar are artistic accounts of historic events. The Tempest, however, is commonly perceived as an original story. Many critics
feel that this was the only story of his that was entirely created by Shakespeare. This is not the case. In fact, there are several sources from which he
very much drew inspiration for this tale. Shakespeare used ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She calls upon Aeolus, King of the Winds, to cause a mighty storm that will destroy the Trojan fleet. As the storm arises, several ships are destroyed
while others are swept away, but eventually Aeneas and some other ships end up in the harbor of an unknown land. Aeneas decides to inspect this
strange place, and during his exploration he encounters a huntress. This is actually Venus in disguise, and she informs him that this is the land of
Dido, Queen of Carthage. Aeneas meets Dido, who welcomes the Trojans and invites them to her feast. During the feast, Venus has her son Cupid,
God of Love, make Dido fall in love with Aeneas. He succeeds, and Dido asks Aeneas to tell her of the fall of Troy, which he does.
As time goes by Aeneas and Dido fall in love. Dido neglects her territory, and Aeneas ignores his quest. However, Jupiter, King of Gods, insists that
Aeneas get back to his destiny and find a new home for his people. Aeneas obeys, and Dido kills herself with his sword.
Aeneas next goes to Cumae in Campania to gain access to the underworld from the Sibyl, or priestess of Apollo, and succeeds. He does so in order to
ask his dead father about the future of their race.
Eventually Aeneas and his people get to the promised land, where they meet Latinus, the king of a neighboring area. Latinus offers Aeneas the hand of
his daughter, Lavinia, but she is sought after by Turnus, King of

The Hapsburg Valois Wars Of 1494 To 1559
The Hapsburg Valois Wars of 1494 to 1559 are often confused with the Italian Wars. However the Italian War were a completely different set of wars.
The Hapsburg Valois Wars were very much intertwined with these wars. The latter arose from the instability of the Italian peninsula, which was
divided among a number of vulnerable powers, and also from a new willingness of outside rulers to intervene. Initially, the most influential was Charles
VIII of France (1483–1498), he invaded Italy in 1494, and manage to take over Naples that following March. Charles's success was particularly
achieved due to his advanced equipment. The cannons used iron shot, which allowed smaller projectiles to achieve the same destructive impact as a
larger stone shot. This made for smaller, lighter, and ultimately more maneuverable cannons.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ultimately, Maximilian's grandson, Emperor Charles V (ruled 1519–1558; ruled Spain 1516–1556 as Charles II), was to succeed to the Habsburg,
Burgundian, Aragonese, and Castilian inheritances, creating a formal rival to the Valois dynasty of France and ensuring that the wars are known as the
Habsburg–Valois

How Did The Phoenicians Influence Spain
In 900 B.C., the Phoenicians were a group people who lived in Lebenon. They traded with the Iberians who lived in what is now Spain. The two
nations traded often. The Iberians would give the Phoenicians sliver, while the Phoenicians gave them olive oil, wine, and jewelry in return. The
Greeks traded with Spain as well. Both nations heavily influenced the culture in Spain. (local)! ! Carthage was a powerful Phoenician empire. They
had much influence with Spain. In 227 B.C, New Carthage was founded. This modern day city is known as Cartagena. Carthage made a treaty with
the Romans to not expand north of the River Ebro in 226 B.C. Carthage attacked the town of Sarguntum in 119 B.C which was south of River Ebro.
This was significant because the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1808, French King Napoleon removed the Spanish king and made his own brother, Joseph, king of Spain. The People of Spain did not want
him which caused Napoleon to send in and army and capture Madrid. Spain then fought a guerrilla war with the British support against France.
Spain was successful in removing the French by 1813. The Spanish Parliament created a constitution saying that the king was to be a
constitutional monarch. Ferdinand became king later that year but he had no intention of being a constitutional monarch and wanted to be an
absolute monarch with full power. General Rafael de Riego of Spain forced the constitution on Ferdinand in 1820. After this the french decided to
step in in 1823 when a french army was sent to keep Ferdinand's absolute power in Spain. While all of this was happening, Spain was loosing its
colonies in the Americas. Spain's colonies in Central and South America gained their independence. This happened in 1818 and in 1824. The
United States forced Spain to give Florida to them. In 1833, Ferdinand, king of Spain, died causing Spain to go into a civil war. Ferdinand wanted
his daughter, Isabella, to take the throne and for Spain to stay liberal. The other side to the civil war was the conservatives who wanted Ferdinand's
brother Carlos to be the king of Spain. The civil war in Spain continued until the conservatives admitted defeat in 1839. Isabella became Queen of
Spain but not forever. She began alienating the liberals which led to a

Essay about History 276
University of Phoenix Material Week One Study Guide As you read this week's required materials, complete this study guide. Review the material to
study for the final examination in Week Five. This is a multipage assignment: double–check that you have completed each page before submitting.
History and Archaeology I. Fill in the blanks to complete the following sentences. The written record of the past and the study of past written records
is called History . The study of the past based on recovering and identifying artifacts and making inferences about those who left these artifacts is called
Archaeology . Both historians and archaeologists describe the past. Historians study written records... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Druze , who live in modern Lebanon and Syria, originated as a splinter group that believed that one of the Fatimid caliphs was the last incarnation
of God. The Fatimid empire weakened in the 12th century and was conquered by Salah al–Din or Saladin. III. Identify at least one element of Fatimid
culture for each of the following categories. One example is provided: for that category, identify at least one additional cultural element. | |Fatimid
cultural elements | |intellectual contributions |Founding of Cairo as intellectual center | | |The Druze | |architecture |Mosques and places in Cairo |
|artistic forms |glazed ceramics | | |glassware | | |decorated script | |religious beliefs

Mood And Mood In William Shakespeare's The Tempest
Mood can set the tone for an entire scene, and if utilized properly can completely visually illustrate the meaning of words. In William Shakespeare's
"The Tempest," mood transforms Ariel's song scene and illustrates Ferdinand's emotions through the manipulation of lighting, sound, and visual props.
To begin, the scene, Act I Scene ii, opens with Ariel singing, "Come unto these yellow sands, And then take hands. Curtsied when you have, and kissed
The wild waves whist./ Foot it featly here and there,/ And, sweet sprites/ bear The burden/ Hark, hark!...Hark, hark!/ I hear The strain of strutting
chanticleer"(Act I, Scene ii, 375–381, 385–387). Ariel is singing to Ferdinand, son of King Alsono, who has landed on an island after a shipwreck.
Prospero ordered Ariel to guide Ferdinand to him, so Ariel sings her song ushering Ferdinand through the yellow sand through the forest to Prospero.
While Ariel is singing to him, Ferdinand's mind is running amuck, he washed up on a mysterious island without his father with him, he is disoriented
and someone is singing quietly to him.
In order to set the mood for the scene, lighting is crucial to the audience's understanding. Throughout Ariel's song, he would be standing on a rafter
with a sole light would shining upon him demonstrating to the audience that Ferdinand is unable to see Ariel, he can only hear him. Other than the
light on Ariel, the rest of the stage is dimly lit so the audience can barely see Ferdinand and is drawn into the play. As the song continues, the stage
becomes luminous so the audience can visualize where Ferdinand is and where he is going. Ferdinand begins his journey on a sand beach and then
Ariel guides him through a lush forest, as he gets closer to Prospero the stage becomes more and more lit until the stage is fully lit as Ferdinand
reaching his final destination with Prospero and his daughter Miranda.
Furthermore, sound plays a crucial role in audience interpretation of a scene. Throughout the scene we can interpret that Ferdinand is lugubrious about
losing his father and his emotions are all surfacing when he states in Act I Scene ii, "Where should this music be?/...This music crept by me upon the
waters/ Allaying both their fury

Essay on The History of Jewish Persecution
The History of Jewish Persecution
Every religious group has suffered a time when their religion was not considered to be popular or right. Out of all of these religious groups that have
suffered, no one group has suffered so much as that of the Jewish religion. They have been exiled from almost every country that they have ever
inhabited, beginning with Israel, and leading all the was up to Germany, France, Spain, England, and Russia. Not only have they been exiled but also
they have suffered through torture, punishment, and murder. Thus, because of the history of the religion, theJewish people have become a very resilient
people. They have survived thousands of years carrying their religion with them from one country to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(1)
The peace the Jews experienced during this era after the exile continued for three hundred years. After this their problems were minimal up to the time
of the Crusades. Because of the conflict between Christianity and Islam Jews suffered immeasurably, leading ultimately to two long centuries of
persecution and expulsion. In the year 1095 a sermon was preached telling the Christians to regain control of the holy lands. Gangs would attack the
Jewish communities, destroying their cities and torturing the people who lived in them. The Jews were such a threat because they did not believe in
Jesus Christ a s the Son of God and were therefore non–Christian believers. A second wave of crusades emerged in 1146 and 1189. Riots against Jews
even began to emerge through England. The crusades thus lead to Jews becoming the hated religious sect and they were cast out of almost every
country throughout Europe. (2) Jews thus began to move and were forced into other countries, countries where they were also not wanted.
Within Spain, for a time Jews were accepted as productive and unthreatening members of society. This continued until it was decided that the Jewish
community was not doing what was expected of them, at which time the Inquisition began. Jews had become accepted because they practiced and
accepted the Christian faith in the public eye, however in private they

One Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World...
E SSAYS ON TWENTIETH–C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier,
and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora
Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and
Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John
McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape
Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The beginnings and ends of what we choose to call centuries are almost invariably years of little significance. But there is little agreement over when
the twentieth century c.e. arrived, and there were several points both before the year 2000 (the collapse of the Soviet Union, the reunification of
Germany, the surge of globalization from the mid–1990s) and afterward (9/11, or the global recession of 2008) when one could quite plausibly argue
that a new era had begun. A compelling case can be made for viewing the decades of the global scramble for colonies after 1870 as a predictable
culmination of the long nineteenth century, which was ushered in by the industrial and political revolutions of the late 1700s. But at the same time,
without serious attention to the processes and misguided policies that led to decades of agrarian and industrial depression from the late 1860s to the
1890s, as well as the social tensions and political rivalries that generated and were in turn fed by imperialist expansionism, one cannot begin to
comprehend the causes and consequences of the Great War that began in 1914. That conflict determined the contours of the twentieth century in
myriad ways. On the one hand, the war set in motion transformative processes that were clearly major departures from those that defined the
nineteenth–century world order. On the other, it perversely unleashed forces

The Origins of the Species by Charles Darwin Essay examples
Gothic fiction emerged in the late eighteenth century and it was an extension of Romanticism. The principal characteristic of Gothic is the account of
terrifying situations with elements like the sublime, madness, mystery, death, supernatural and horror. But as all the literary genres it underwent a
transition. In the nineteenth century, the coming of Queen Victoria to the throne, the introduction of new scientific theories, the publication of The
Origin of Species by Charles Darwin and industrialization modified the structures of society , its motivation, and believes. This influenced the genre,
creating a new literary movement: Victorian Gothic, and therefore also the novels written in these different periods. During this era novels... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the succeeding moment he heard his own name sounded from below. His apprehensions instantly vanished, for he distinguished the voices of
madame and his sisters
In this way the reader uses imagination to deduce what will occur. Moreover, the author employs diverse factors with this purpose, for instance the
sound of ghostly music, inexplicable events, voices, the presence of strange figures, shadows, ghosts, and the night.
Unlike Radcliffe's works, in Dracula, suspense and immediacy are mixed in the narration because the reader find hints throughout the story that could
be illogical at first, but some pages after the author uses the directness to reveal the denouement of an action. An example that can illustrate suspense
is the scene following Lucy's death. In that moment Van Helsing says to Dr. Seward: 'I want to operate, but not what you think. [...]. I want to cutoff
her head and take out her heart' , which seems a bit striking for the reader because he will not understand why Van Helsing would like to profane a
cadaver until some pages further on, when it is discovered that Lucy is a vampire and this is the only way to kill her. On the other hand immediacy
appears at the end of almost every chapter. The author reveals suddenly what is happening and leaves the situation in the most thrilling and tense
moment arousing

Christopher Columbus Motives
Christopher Columbus is an Italian Explorer who had convinced King Ferdinand, the Second and Queen Isabella the First to fund a voyage to Asia
to establish trade with China, Japan, India, and the Spice Islands to get valuable spices and silks. Spain went with a foreign explorer because of his
benefits over the local explorers. To see what these people's motives are and what they want I will do a background check for the King, the Queen, and
Columbus. I'll also go through why the King and Queen went with Christopher Columbus's pitch for his voyage. This will shed more light on why King
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella chose Columbus.
Columbus had been born in the Republic of Genoa in 1451. Columbus had first gone to sea and was in charge of helping with smaller trading trips
throughout the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. One voyage in the Atlantic in 1476 almost cost Columbus his life. The ship he was on got burned
down and Columbus had to swim back to Portugal. He eventually moved to Spain after having two wives and two children. Columbus went on many
expeditions to Africa and gained knowledge on wave currents. Columbus started studying the Asian islands close to India and China because he had
heard of their supposed wealth from other Europeans, he also was curious about the Canary Islands. Columbus began to propose his idea of a three
ship voyage across the Atlantic to the Portuguese King, Genoa, and Venice. Columbus requested the Spanish King and Queen Ferdinand and Isabella

Global Systems Continuously Change Over The Course Of Time
Global systems continuously change over the course of time, but there is one section of history in particular where technological, political, economic,
military, and cultural developments have developed quite drastically. Starting with the Renaissance in Europe and continuing until the beginning of
World War One, we saw dramatic changes of multiple systems across the globe and that is what we will be analyzing here in this essay. Around the
year 1450, we start to see major changes within the Renaissance. We saw large numbers break away from the main Church and form individual
opinions, this expansion of individual thought is fueled by the spread of knowledge in the humanities and sciences. This spread of knowledge was
possible thanks to a person named Johann Gutenberg of Germany, who created theprinting press, a way to print multiple pages at a speed far beyond
the capacity at the time. Before the printing presses release, all books were written by hand, now we could print entire pages at one time therefore
making the process of book making exponentially faster and easier. We also see a change in the world of art. The term used in the art world is
realism, before the Renaissance, many painting were much less detailed, but soon, detailed portraits of actual people started to come to the surface. The
Renaissance was focused in Europe at the time, but it would not be long until its influence would be felt all over the world.
The European Renaissance is truly the turning

The Jewish Community in Italy Essay
The Jewish Community in Italy
Problems with format
For centuries, there has been a Jewish community in parts of present–day Italy, dating back to the Roman Empire. In addition to religious differences,
Jews were faced with political challenges as well. The Emperor was included in the pantheon of Roman tradition, which added a political obligation to
religious, and thus Roman citizens were required to ?conciliate the gods.? For Jews, this requirement created many consequences.[1] According to
estimates, there were five to seven million Jews in the Roman Empire during this time. The relations between the Jews and the Romans have always
been complicated. For in 186 B.C. measures were taken against the Bacchanalia, but in 161 B.C., a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition to those geographically in Italy, many Jews were subject to Roman rule. After the tyrannical emperor Nero committed suicide and violent
civil war, Vespasian, of the Flavian dynasty, gained control. In Judea, Roman rule seemingly contradicted the commonJewish religious–nationalist
sentiments, but Roman rulers established various privileges for those with Hebraic religious beliefs. Jews, throughout the Empire, were not required
to engage in emperor worship, since it was directly contrary to their monotheistic beliefs. Yet, the Jews and the Romans did clash on various issues;
one example took place during the reign of Caligula, when he ?ordered that a golden statue of himself be placed in Jerusalem?s temple.?[5] After the
Jews firmly resisted, Caligula rescinded his order.
?In 66 A.D., as a result of the encouragement of militant Jews, the Jewish community initiated a war of liberation. A five–month siege during 70 A.D.,
by the Romans, significantly hurt the Jews, and soon after, the Romans captured and destroyed the Jerusalem temple.? Then, the Romans transported
approximately ten thousand Jews to Rome in order to build the Coliseum.? There was another Hebrew revolt in Judea under the rule of Hadrian, but
the Romans were victorious again.? Most Palestinian Jews were sold into slavery, exiled to other lands, or killed.? Though the Jews in Rome were
enslaved, their culture

The Tempest By William Shakespeare
The Tempest, a play written by William Shakespeare, involves various aspects of power demonstrated through a flip of the hierarchy of power.
Antonio, Prospero's brother, who took Prospero's dukeship out of a thirst for power is on a ship which Prospero has caused to wreck with a storm,
on the island where he and his daughter live. This is part of Prospero's plan to have Miranda become the next heir of Naples by marrying Alonso's son,
Ferdinand, King of Naples. In Act Two, Antonio and Sebastian, Alonso's brother, believe everyone else not with them has died in the shipwreck and
conspire to kill Gonzalo, a lord, as well as Alonso to make Sebastian the next heir of Naples. Throughout Act Three, Caliban, a slave of Prospero, sets
up a plan to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also calls Miranda ignorant, for not knowing more of who they are, in these few lines. This section of dialogue lets us know Prospero wants
more for his daughter who knows little of their life. Prospero then goes into beginning to tell Miranda about their lives, saying she now must know
who her father is (1.2.33). In the exchange of these couple of lines we get the impression that Miranda believes whatever her father, Prospero, says is
all there is to know and that Prospero has been uninformative with Miranda about their lives. Before going more in–depth with the story of their past,
Prospero asks Miranda if she can remember a time before the island and then answers before giving her a chance to respond (1.2.39–40). This lets us
know that Prospero controls conversations between him and Miranda. Miranda's personality is already beginning to change some during Prospero's
story, she asks her father to continue talking about their past though it may be painful for him to go on. Another aspect of the story that reoccurs is
Prospero asks multiple times if Miranda is paying attention, therefore appearing desperate for attention. Though his story is upsetting Miranda, he asks
her to continue listening to what he is saying, implying that he doesn't mind seeing her upset nor does she mind him seeing her cry (1.2.135). By the
end of the story however, Prospero never directly answers Miranda's

Garibaldi Research Paper
Gabriele Rossetti (Italian Poet)
Garibaldi
Louis–NapolГ©on Bonaparte (the future French emperor Napoleon III) Almost certain but highly disputed.
they first came to prominence in the Kingdom of Naples during the Napoleonic wars. The group provided the main source of opposition to the
conservative regimes imposed on Italy by the victorious allies after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815.
The group may have begun as a mutual aid society in France and spread to Italy with the Napoleonic army it may have been an offshoot of the
Freemasons
The Carbonari never had a single program: some wanted a republic, others a limited monarchy; some favoured a federation, others a unitary Italian
state; but overall they wanted also to defend the rights of common people ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Similar groups were created in other countries such as portugal and france
However, the Holy Alliance (Russia, Austria and Prussia) would not tolerate this state of affairs and in February, 1821, sent an army to crush the
revolution in Naples. The King of Sardinia also called for Austrian intervention. Faced with an enemy overwhelmingly superior in number, the
Carbonari revolts collapsed and their leaders fled into exile. The constitution was revoked by king Ferdinand in 1821.
A decade later Carbonari left their hiding places and staged another round of revolutions in France and Italy. In 1831 the Carbonari fuelled many
revolts in central and southern Italy and several cities in the Papal States declared independence from the Pope's rule. Austrian troops descended into
Italy to reclaim the rebel cities and crush the revolutions. The Carboneria movement failed to spark the popular uprising that it hoped for and was
destroyed.
On September 13, 1821 Pope Pius VII with the bull Ecclesiam a Jesu Christo condemned the Carbonari as a Freemason secret society, excommunicating
its

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Sunshine Blackburn

More from Sunshine Blackburn (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)