The presentation explains Quirk's grammatical description of the elements of the sentence. Sentence elements are: S V O C A Subject Verb Object Complement Adverbial --------------------------- The verb element is : Finite or Non-finite Finite verbs : relating to forms of the verb that are limited in time by a tense and (usually) show agreement with number and person of the verb. Non- Finite verbs: of verbs; having neither person nor number nor mood (as a participle or gerund or infinitive( Verb element can be 1-4 words in the sentence. The Subject -------------- The subject may be a clause as in : That she answered the question correctly pleased him. Or The subject can be a noun phrase as in: The new gas stove in the kitchen which I bought last month has a very efficient oven. The object --------------- Direct objects may be realized by the same range of structures as the subjects as in : They brought him a present. The indirect objects are realized chiefly as ‘noun phrase’ as in: The boy has given the girl a flower. The complement ----------------------- Subjective complements & Objective complements may be realized by the same range of structures as the subjects as in: He was the boss. They made him the boss. In addition to that Subjective complements & Objective complements have additional possibility of being realized by adjective phrases (having an adjective as head) as in : She made him very much happy.

1. Presented by: Asaad Alaaraji
Professor Supervisor : Ahmed Al-Adrawi

2. What is this ?
Elements of sentence which
are abbreviated as
S. V. C. O. A.
in a given sentence can be
realized in a very deferent
forms.

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Elements of sentance
Subject
Object
Complement
Verb
Adverbial

4. The Verb
Verb
Finite
relating to forms of
the verb that are
limited in time by a
tense and (usually)
show agreement
with number and
person of the verb.
Non-finite
of verbs; having
neither person
nor number nor
mood (as a
participle or
gerund or
infinitive(

5. Hello
I am the verb ...
321 4
You can find me in the
sentence as :
He should have
been teaching
English for six
years.
He had been
teaching English
since 2010.
He has been a
teacher for two
years.
He is a teacher.

6. The subject may be a clause as in :
)That she answered the question correctly )
pleased him.
Or
The subject can be a noun phrase as in:
) The new gas stove in the kitchen which I
bought last month) has a very efficient oven.
The Subject

7. The object
Direct objects may be realized by the same
range of structures as the subjects as in :
They brought him a present.
The indirect objects are realized chiefly as
‘noun phrase’ as in :
The boy has given the girl a flower.

8. The complement
Subjective complements & Objective complements may
be realized by the same range of structures as the
subjects as in :
He was the boss.
They made him the boss.
In addition to that Subjective complements & Objective
complements have additional possibility of being realized
by adjective phrases (having an adjective as head) as in :
She made him very much happy.
Subject complement
Object complement

9. Adverbials
The adverials can be realized
Adverb phrases
Noun phrases
Prepositional phrases
Clauses

10. Adverb phrases ;
having an adverb as
head
as in :
John very carefully
searched the room.
By noun phrases ;
having an noun as
head
as in :
They make him the
chairman every year.

11. Prepositional phrases
which are noun
phrases dominated
by a preposition
as in:
She studied at a large
university.
Clauses, finite or non-
finite
as in :
-He grew happier when
his friend arrived.
-Seeing the large
crowd, John stopped
his car.

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