This document outlines a course on sensors and transducers. The course objectives are to study different classes of biosensors and understand their functioning principles, recognize limitations of biosensors, and understand principles of transducers and their application in biosensor design. The course contains 5 units that cover introductions to measurements and biosensors, sensing mechanisms in the human body, an overview of transducer types including temperature, displacement, pressure and flow, and signal conditioning and data acquisition systems. Reading materials include textbooks on principles of sensors and transducers, biomedical instrumentation, and electrical and electronic measurement and instrumentation.

1. 22UBM303 - SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Dr.K.Vijayakumar
Professor & HoD
Department of Biomedical Engineering

2. 22UBM303 - SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Prerequisite(s): Biology For Engineers
Course Objectives
• To study different classes of biosensors and describe their
functioning principles
• To recognize the limitations of biosensors in real-life applications
• To understand the principles and concepts of transducers and their
application in biosensor design
• To explain different techniques used for measurement of velocity,
flow and optical transducers

3. • INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENTS
Unit-1
• INTRODUCTION TO BIOSENSORS
Unit-2
• BASICS OF SENSING MECHANISMS IN HUMAN BODY
Unit-3
• OVERVIEW OF TRANSDUCERS AND TYPES
Unit-4
• SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND DAQ SYSTEMS
Unit-5
22UBM303 - SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

4. UNIT 1 - INTRODUCTION TO MEASUREMENTS (9)
•Basics of Measurement – Classification of errors – Error analysis – Static and dynamic characteristics of transducers –
Performance measures of sensors – Classification of sensors – Sensor calibration techniques – Sensor Output Signal Types
UNIT 2 - INTRODUCTION TO BIOSENSORS (9)
•Biosensors- Advantages and limitations, various components of biosensors Biocatalysis based biosensors, Bioaffinity based
biosensors & Microorganisms based biosensors, Biologically active material and analyte. Types of membranes used in biosensor
constructions, smart sensors
UNIT 3 - BASICS OF SENSING MECHANISMS IN HUMAN BODY (9)
•Study of biological sensors in human body and their basic mechanism of action - organization of nervous system- Study of various
corpuscles like Pacinian - Chemoreceptors, hot and cold receptors, baroreceptors
UNIT 4 - OVERVIEW OF TRANSDUCERS AND TYPES (9)
•Transducers: Temperature transducers – RTD - Thermistor -Thermocouple - Thermal radiation sensor-Displacement transducers:
potentiometric - resistive strain gauges - inductive displacement - capacitive displacement transducer, Pressure transducer-
Capacitive, Inductive, Strain gauge- Load Cell and its types. Flow Transducer: Differential pressure flow transducers(orifice, Venturi),
Variable area flow transducers (flowmeters or rotameters), Ultrasound flow transducers, Electromagnetic flow transducers, Pressure –
Diaphragm, Bellows
UNIT 5 - SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND DAQ SYSTEMS (9)
•Amplification – Filtering – Sample and Hold circuits – Data Acquisition: Single channel and multi channel data acquisition – Data
logging. Basics of Virtual Instrumentation
22UBM303 - SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

5. CO1
• Elucidate the concept
of basics of
measurements
CO2
• Learn the principles
of biosensors and
their characteristics
CO3
• Explain the sensing
mechanism in human
physiology
CO4
• To examine the
various transducers
(temperature,
displacement, flow,
pressure ) and their
characteristics
CO5
• Implement the DAQ
system for different
sensors for real time
applications
22UBM303 - SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS
Course outcome(s):

6. Text Book(s)
• Balamurugan Nachimuthu, Selvaperumal Sundaramoorthy, Ambigainathan Prabakaran,
‘Principles of Sensors and Transducers’, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2019
• Angana Saikia, Sudip Paul, Vinay Kumar Pandey,Vinayak Majhi, ‘Introduction to
Biomedical Instrumentation and Its Applications’, Academic Press Inc, 2022
• A.K.Sawhney “A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurement and
Instrumentation” Shree Hari Publications,2021
Reference Book(s)
• Dr. Krishna Priya, ‘Sensors and Transducers’, Notion Press, 2022
• Bengi Uslu,, Mustafa Kemal Sezginturk, Sibel A. Ozkan, ‘Biosensors: Fundamentals,
Emerging Technologies, and Applications’, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1st edition, 2022
• Mesut Sahin, ‘Instrumentation Handbook for Biomedical Engineers’, CRC Press, 1st
edition, 2022
22UBM303 - SENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS

7. Introduction to Sensors
• A device which provides a usable output in response to a specified
input
• Sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input
from the physical environment
• Input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, force, pressure,
displacement, etc.
• It produces a proportional output signal (electrical, mechanical,
magnetic, etc.).

8. Introduction to Sensors

9. • Detect the presence of Energy
• Detect changes in or the transfer of energy
• Detect by receiving a signal then responding to that signal
• Convert a signal into a readable output
Basic concepts of Sensors

10. Classification of Sensors

11. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SENSOR, TRANSMITTER AND TRANSDUCER
• Sensor
– Primary sensing element
• Transducer
– changes one form of energy to another form energy
• Transmitter
– Contains the transducer and produces an amplified, standardized energy signal
Basic concepts of Sensors

12. Thank You…