AACIMP 2009 Summer School lecture by Valery Pugatch.

1. STUDY OF THE
ANTIMATTER AT LARGE
HADRON COLLIDER.
Valery PUGATCH
Institute for Nuclear Research
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
15. 08. 2009
Kiev
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2. Content of the lecture
• What is ANTIMATTER ?
• How ANTIMATTER is studied ?
• What is CERN ?
• What is LHC at CERN?
• Status and Prospective of the Antimatter
studies
• Concluding remarks
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3. Universe: Creation and Evolution
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4. Universe: Creation and Evolution
E = mc2 MATTER = ANTI-MATTER
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5. The History of Antimatter
(by Rosy Mondardini)
• The history of antimatter begins
in 1928 with a young physicist
Paul Dirac and a strange
mathematical equation...
• The equation predicted the
existence of an antiworld
identical to ours but made out of
antimatter.
• From 1930, the search for the
possible constituents of
antimatter, antiparticles, began
…
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6. New Universe
Made out of Antimatter
• In 1928, Paul Dirac’s equation (quantum theory and
special relativity), for electron could have two solutions,
one for an electron with positive energy, and one for
an electron with negative energy.
• The energy of a particle must always be a positive
number! - Dirac interpreted the result that every particle
has a corresponding antiparticle, exactly matching
the particle but with opposite charge.
• In his Nobel Lecture (1933), Dirac speculated on the
existence of a completely new Universe made out
of antimatter!
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7. From 1930, the hunt for the
mysterious antiparticles began...
• In 1932 Carl Anderson, a young professor at
the California Institute of Technology studied
cosmic particles and found a track left by
"something positively charged, and with the
same mass as an electron".
• He decided the tracks were antielectrons. He
called the antielectron a "positron", for its
positive charge (Nobel Prize, 1936) and proved
the existence of antiparticles as predicted by
Dirac.
• The anti-proton was discovered 22 years later...
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8. Matter and anti-matter particles are produced in the interaction of particles with
matter
For instance:
+ −
π and π
particles having
the same mass,
spin…
but
Opposite electric
charge
opposite curvature
in a magnetic field
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9. Matter-Antimatter in Universe
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10. The Universe and the Particles
after Big Bang …
• Small difference between matter and
antimatter was first observed in 1964 in an
experiment with K-mesons for which Cronin
and Fitch were awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize
• Its connection to the existence of matter in
the universe was realized in 1967 by
academician Andrei Sakharov. Physicists call
this difference CP violation.
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11. Matter-Antimatter in Universe
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12. Matter-Antimatter in Universe
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13. Fundamental particles of the Standard Model
LEPTONS
QUARKS
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14. The elementary particles of the Standard Model NB : the gravitational force is
extremely weak in the particles
matter : interactions : world ⇒ not discussed here
(building blocks - fermions):
gauge bosons
3 families 0
W±, Z (weak)
g : gluon (strong) γ (electromagnetic)
All tests of the SM have been successful up to now ! Yet:
• Why 3 families ?
• Why several interactions with very different intensities ?
• Origin of the particles mass (ad-hoc Higgs boson) ?
• Mass hierarchy ?
• The neutrinos masses , mν ≠ 0 ?
+ antiparticles
Charged leptons quarks
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15. Properties of
building blocks, forces and underlying dynamics
can be described by
rotation and/or translation symmetries
in
four-dimensional real space (t, x, y, z)
or
some “internal” space
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16. Fundamental interactions.
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17. Fundamental interactions and some Rules
СРТ theorem:
Antiparticles and their interactions are indistinguishable from
particles moving along the same world-lines but in opposite
directions in 3+1 dimensional space-time.
In particular, the mass of any particle is strictly equal to the mass of its
antiparticle (experimentally checked in 1 part to 1018 in K-meson studies).
The SM strictly conserves CPT. There are no however any
theoretical reason why C, P and T should conserve
separately.
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18. Baryogenesis
 Big Bang (~ 14 billion years ago) → matter and antimatter equally
produced; followed by annihilation → nbaryon/ng ~ 10-10
Why didn’t all the matter annihilate ?
 No evidence found for an “antimatter world” elsewhere in the
Universe
 One of the requirements to produce an asymmetric final state from a
symmetric matter/antimatter initial state :
CP symmetry must be violated [Sakharov, 1967]
 CP is violated in the Standard Model, through the weak mixing of
quarks
For CP violation to occur there must be at least 3 generations of quarks
So problem of baryogenesis may be connected to why three
generations exist, even though all normal matter is made up from the
first (u, d, e, νe)
 However, the CP violation in the SM is not sufficient for baryogenesis
Other sources of CP violation expected → good field to search for new
physics
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18

19. CP Violation
We know examples which show
matter world ≠ anti-matter world.
CP symmetry is violated !!
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20. Evolution of Universe
matter
big bang
anti-matter
amount of matter our universe
= amount of anti-matter only with matter
CP violation
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21. CPLEAR Experiment (1999)
neutral kaon
decay time distribution
≠
anti-neutral kaon
decay time distribution
CP violation
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22. Problem!!
CP violation in ⇔ CP violation in
the kaon decays the universe
can cannot
be explained by be explained by
the Standard Model. the Standard Model.
LHCb experiment will look for CP violation
beyond the Standard Model in the particle world
using B (beauty) -mesons.
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23. Beauty (B) Physics
BaBar, Belle, LHCb … experiments
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24. LHCb –
BEAUTY experiment at CERN
What is BEAUTY ?
BEAUTY – Oscar Wilde, “The
picture of Dorian Gray” -
“… Wonder of wonders … a
form of Genius – is higher,
indeed, than Genius, as it
needs no explanation.”
B (Beauty)- mesons are composed
out of b-quark and one of the
other quarks: b-, u-, d-, c-, s :
• ~ 5 times heavier than proton
• time of life ~10-12 s
0
B bb ( ) , ( )
Bu bu …
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25. B Decays (Feynman diagrams)
Dominant decays Hadronic
Semi-leptonic
Rare hadronic decays Gluonic
penguin
Internal spectator W-exchange
Radiative penguin
Radiative and leptonic decays
Electroweak
Electroweak box
penguin
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26. The Standard Model
Physical quark states in the Standard Model
 u  c   t 
      ,KK u R , d R ,c R ,s R ,t R ,b R
d L  s L b L
g µ ∗
L cc =− J cc W µ + h .c .
2
Lagrangian for charged current weak decays
d 
 
(
J cµc = u , c , t )γ
L
µ
VCKM s
 
where  b L
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27. CP Violation in the Standard Model
Requirements for CP violation
(m t2 − m c2 )( t2 − m u2 )( c2 − m u2 )
m m
×( b2 − m s2 )( b2 − m d2 )( s2 − m d2 )× J C P ≠ 0
m m m
JCP =Im{ iα jβVi* V j*α }
V V β ( ≠j, α≠β
i )
where
Using parameterizations
JCP =s12s13s23c12c23c13 sinδ=λA2η=O( − )
6
10 5
CP violation is small in the Standard Model
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28. CKM (Cabibo-Kobayashi-Maskawa) Matrix
VCKM describes rotation between the weak eigenstates (d',s',b') and
mass eigenstates (d,s,b)
weak mass
CKM matrix Vij proportional to transition
states states
amplitude from quark j to quark i
Quarks  d′   Vud Vus Vub   d W−
     
 s′  =  Vcd Vcs Vcb   s b u
 b′   V Vts Vtb   b Vub
   td   
 ′ W+
 d   V u*d V *
V  d 
*
 s ′  =  V c*d  
us ub
Anti-quarks * *
V s b u
 ′  *
V *

cs cb
V
V  b 
ub
 b   V td
* *
V  
 
ts tb
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29. Role of Heavy Flavour Physics
2008
Kobayashi - Maskawa
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30. Wolfenstein Parameterization
Wolfenstein parameterization (perturbative form)
s23 s13 cos δ s13 sin δ
λ = s12 A= 2 ρ = η =
s12 s12 s23 s12 s23
λ = sin θ 12 ≈ 0.23
Reflects hierarchy of strengths of quark transitions
d u O(1)
O(λ)
s c
O(λ2)
b t O(λ3)
Charge -1/3 Charge +2/3
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31. The Unitarity triangle
( ρ ,η ) ≡ (1 − λ 2)( ρ ,η )
2
B 0 → π π , ρ ρ , ρ π ,..... β: Bd mixing phase
Im
η VtdVtb* χ: Bs mixing phase
α VcdVcb* γ: weak decay phase
*
VudVub B 0 → J /ψ K S , .....
0
*
VcdVcb γ β
0 ρ 1 Re *
Im VudVtd
Bd → DK , DK * η *
VcdVcb
Bs → Ds K (γ − 2χ ) * α 0
Bs → J / ψ φ , .....
VubVtb
Bd → D *π (γ + 2β ) *
VcdVcb χ
Precise determination γ−χ β+χ
of parameters through 0 ρ * * Re
B-decays study. Summer School KPI 15 August 2009 V V
VusVts / cd cb 31

32. e e → ϒ(4S) → B anti-B
+ - 0 0
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33. CP-violation has been measured by experiments
BaBar and BELLE at the B factories
These are experiments (in the US and Japan) running
on the ϒ(4S) resonance: e+e- → ϒ(4S) → B0B0 or B+B-
 The CP asymmetry
 A(t) = {N(B0 → J/Ψ KS) - N(B0 → J/ Ψ KS)} /
{N(B0 → J/ Ψ KS) + N(B0 → J/ Ψ KS)}
A(t) = - sin 2β sin Δm t
in the Standard Model
 BABAR + BELLE measure
sin 2 β = 0.674 ± 0.026 (see next slide)
 This can be compared with
the indirect measurement
from other constraints on the
Unitarity Triangle
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34. Summary of the Angles
α=(
89.0 +
− ) 60% c.l. interval
4.4 o
4.2
γ =(70 +27 o β =(21.1 ±0.9 )
o
−29)
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15/6/2009 CERN/FNAL Summer School 34/83

35. V. Gibson
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36. 3 Types of CP Violation
Γf ≠ Γ f
CP violation if
CPV in Decay CPV in Mixing
Direct CP Violation Indirect CP Violation
Af
≠1
q
≠1 Im { 12 M 12 }
Γ* ≠0
Af p
CPV in Interference between mixing and decay
Indirect CP Violation
Af
λf =1, Im{ f }
λ ≠0 q Af
B 0 λ f = f
Γf (t )−Γ f (t ) −C f co s (∆m t )+ S f sin (∆m t )
p Af
A CP
(t ) = =
Γf (t )+Γf (t ) co sh (∆Γt 2 )+Ωf sin h (∆Γt 2 )
f
q p Af
B0
Golden case: CP final state and single dominating amplitude
ACP ()=Im λCP sin( mt)
fCP t f ∆
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37. Two types of experiments at accelerators
Fixed Target: В експериментах з фіксованою мішенню продукти взаємодії
летять переважно вперед. Тому детектор має вигляд конуса-піраміди і
розташовується в напрямку бомбардуючого пучку («форвардний спектрометр»)
Colliding Beams: В колайдерному експерименті продукти летять в
усіх напрямках, тому детектор має вигляд циліндра.
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38. Colliders …
HERA at DESY
International Linear Collider
320 GeV ep
~0.5 TeV e+e- collider
1992 – 2007
extending LHC discovery reach
Tevatron at Fermilab
2 TeV pp-bar
1985 – 2009
LHC at CERN
14 TeV pp collider
from 2008
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39. The LHC machine at CERN
pp collisions at √s = 14 TeV in a 27km ring
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40. The European Organization for
Nuclear Research - CERN
• The world's largest particle physics laboratory,
suburbs of Geneva on the Franco-Swiss border,
established in 1954.
• The organization has twenty European member
states
• CERN's main function - high-energy physics
research.
• Numerous experiments have been constructed
at CERN by international collaborations
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41. CERN - European laboratory
for particle physics
~ 2,600 full-time employees and ~8000 scientists and engineers
(representing 580 universities and research facilities and 80 nationalities).
Member states' contributions to CERN for the year 2008 totalled
CHF 1 billion (approximately € 664 million).
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42. Україна в ЦЕРНі
Національна Академія Наук України
(офіційна Угода про співробітництво з ЦЕРН - 1993 р.)
ННЦ ХФТІ (м. Харків)- CMS, LHCb, ALICE
НТК Інститут монокристалів (м. Харків) – CMS, ALICE
Н.д. Технологічний Інститут Приладобудування (м. Харків)- ALICE
Інститут Теоретичної Фізики (м. Київ) - ALICE
Інститут Ядерних Досліджень (м. Київ) – LHCb, (ATLAS, MEDIPIX)
Інститут Прикладної Фізики (м. Суми) – ILC, (MEDIPIX)
Київський Національний Університет ім. Тараса Шевченка - (LHCb)
Харківський Національний Університет ім. В.Н. Каразіна - CMS
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43. Summer School KPI 15 August 2009 43

44. Energy of a proton in the beam = 7 TeV = 10-6 J
It is about kinetic energy of a flying mosquito:
Question: why not to use mosquitos in particle physics?
Answer: because NAvogadro = 6.022×1023 (mol)-1
Energy of a mosquito is distributed among ~ 1022 nucleons.
On the other hand, total energy stored in each beam is
2808 bunches × 1011 protons/bunch × 7 TeV/proton = 360 MJ
It is explosive energy of ~ 100 kg TNT or kinetic energy
of “Admiral Kuznetsov” cruiser traveling at 8 knots.
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45. ATLAS, CMS
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46. ATLAS - 4π detector at the LHC
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47. Central view of ATLAS detector with eight toroids around the
calorimeter before moving it in the middle of the detector
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48. The Higgs search
The Higgs boson is
the cornerstone of
the Standard Model …
and still to be
discovered !
P.W. Higgs, Phys. Lett. 12 (1964) 132
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49. Бозони Хіггса
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50. New Physics
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51. Supersymmetry
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52. ALICE :
A Large Ion Collider Experiment
Pb-Pb at √sNN= 5.5 TeV
Heavy Ions (Pb82+) ~ 1
month/year,
from 2009 onwards
pp for reference
Properties of hadronic/nuclear matter at high
temperature/density
<-> Quark Gluon Plasma
in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Study the state of matter as it was soon after the Big Bang,
<10-5s
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53. Primary goal of LHCb –
BEAUTY experiment at CERN
To understand better
the origin of CP violation.
Possibly discovering
new physics beyond the Standard Model.
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54. Mechanism of CP Violation
CP transformation
contains
Standard Model
complex conjugation: New Physics
q′
e−iH t → eiH*t q′
i.e. H* ≠ H →CP
violation
W X
complex coupling constant complex coupling constant
q q
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55. LHCb event
seen by the vertex detector
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56. LHCb експеримент в ЦЕРНі
Kinematics
Particle ID
Vertex Tracking system Magnet + Trackers
RICH1 and RICH2
Reconstruction VELO Calorimeters
Calorimeters
VELO Trigger Tracker
Muon system
Inner/Outer Tracker ad
250 mr
10 mrad
p p
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57. The LHCb Experiment
Shielding Yoke
LHCb
Calorimeters
Tracker
Brazil plate Coil USA
Finland Ukraine
France RICH-1 UK
Germany
RICH-2 MuonSwitzerland
Vertex
Italy Netherlands PRC Poland Romania Russia Spain
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58. LHCb event l-
Qvertex K–
D
B B-decay D-decay
B-
production Bs
L~1cm
K-
V*ib Vis s
b b s
b u,c,t s
Ds
Bs W+ W− Bs
s s u,c,t b b c
Vis V*ib
u
s W− π
hadronisation u K- d
mixing decay
u
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59. LHCb експеримент в ЦЕРНі
VErtex LOcator  21 stations in vacuum tank
VELO  R/φ sensors
 ~180k R-O channels
Si
sensor
m
1
hybrid R-O chip
Sensors sensitive area
8mm from beam line
(30 mm during
injection)
 PVx position resolution:
x,y: ~ 8
μm
z: ~ 44
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 IP precision: ~ 30 μm

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63. New Physics –
Beyond the Standard Model
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64. Institutes involved in the LHCb Silicon Tracker:
Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg
LPHE, EPFL Lausanne
KINR, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev
Budker Institute for Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich
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65. Physics needs techniques for observations …
Перші мікро-стріпові детектори з України
на тестовому пучкові в ЦЕРН
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66. KINR student – assisting mounting of microstrip detectors at CERN …
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67. Summer School KPI 15 August 2009 67

68. Radiation hard ASIC chip BEETLE -
128 channel (50 μm pitch) charge sensitive preamplifier.
Ultrasonic bonding via pitch adapter to microstrip detector.
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69. Data flow at the
LHCb
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70. Summer School KPI 15 August 2009 70

71. Metal Microstrip-Detectors
Institute of Applied Physics (NASU), Institute of Microdevices (NASU),
Institute for Nuclear Research (NASU)
Advantages of the MMD:
•High Radiation tolerance (10-100 MGy)
•Nearly transparent sensor – 1 μm thickness-
the thinnest detector ever made
for the particles registration
•Low operation voltage (20 V)
•Perfect spatial resolution (5 – 25 μm)
•Unique, well advanced production technology
•Commercially available readout hardware
Photo of ММD-1024. and software.
1024 Ni strips:
1.5 µм thick, 40 µм wide, 60 µм pitch
MMD applications
• Micro-beam Profile Monitoring for Particles and Synchrotron Radiation
• Detectors at the focal plane of mass-spectrometers
and electron microscopes
• Imaging sensors for X-ray and charged particle applications
• Precise dose distribution measurements for micro-biology, medicine (mammography,
dental treatment, hadron-therapy) etc.
• Industrial applications: micro-metallurgy, micro-electronics, etc.
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72. MEDIPIX в фокальній площині
лазерного мас-спектрометра.
Інститут Прикладної Фізики НАН України, м. Суми
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Ужгород, 17-18 травня 2007

73. Example of the mass-spectra
measured in Sumi by TIMEPIX
in a focal plane of the laser mass-spectrometer.
• Two dimensional presentation of the data accumulated in a different time slots allowed to identify problems in the
mass-spectrometer performance (alignment, focusing, stability of electric and magnetic fields etc.,). That means
that TIMEPIX may become a powerful tool in a feedback system for fine tuning of mass-spectrometer and similar
devices.
X – axis – along the focal plane (mass-spectrum)
Y – axis – along the image of the laser beam spot at the target
Z – axis – intensity of the analyzed ions
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74. Position (mass) resolution is better (comparable)
with one obtained by microchannel plates (~ 129 μm)
M A S S - S P E C T R A o f S t a n a d r t S a m p l e 6 6 2 , M E D IP IX ( T p x ,4 0 M H z )
300
S t a n d a r t S a m p le 6 6 2 : F it G a u s s ia n :
207 f ( x ) = Σ i= 1 ..4 a i* e x p ( - ( ( x - b i) / σ ) 2 )
S n - 3 .0 5 % P b 2+
Z n - 4 .9 3 % 208
P b - 4 .4 0 % P b 2+ C o e ff ic ie n t s ( w it h 9 5 %
c o n f id e n c e b o u n d s ) :
P - 0 .0 2 1 % 206
250 S b - 0 .0 0 2 8 % P b 2+ a1 = 9 2 .6 6 ( 7 3 .1 6 , 1 1 2 .2 )
a2 = 2 3 0 .2 ( 2 0 9 .6 , 2 5 0 .8 )
F e - 0 .0 2 1 % a3 = 2 5 3 .3 ( 2 3 2 .5 , 2 7 4 .2 )
C u - 8 7 .5 3 % a4 = 2 5 3 .7 ( 2 3 2 .9 , 2 7 4 .6 )
b1 = 4 1 9 3 (4 1 6 7 , 4 2 2 0 )
b2 = 4 8 7 4 (4 8 6 3 , 4 8 8 5 )
200 b3 = 5 6 0 9 (5 5 9 9 , 5 6 1 9 )
b4 = 6 3 0 8 (6 2 9 8 , 6 3 1 8 )
C o u n ts /0 .0 1 s
σ = 1 2 9 .1 ± 8 .1 µ m
150
204
P b 2+
100
50
0
1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
P o s itio n , µm
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75. Antimatter
at the Earth
• Segre' and Chamberlain were awarded
the Nobel Prize in 1959 for their
discovery in1955 of the antiproton - a
further proof of the essential symmetry of
nature, between matter and antimatter.
• A year later at the Bevatron (B. Cork, O.
Piccione, W. Wenzel and G. Lambertson)
announced the discovery of the
antineutron.
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76. Antimatter
at the Earth
• in 1965 - observation of the antideuteron, a
nucleus of antimatter made out of an antiproton
plus an antineutron (while a deuteron, the
nucleus of the deuterium atom, is made of a
proton plus a neutron).
• The goal was simultaneously achieved by two
teams of physicists, working at the Proton
Synchrotron at CERN, and the Alternating
Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) accelerator at the
Brookhaven National Laboratory, New York.
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77. Antimatter production
at the Earth
• In 1995 - antiatoms were produced at CERN. Although
only 9 antiatoms were made, the news made the front
page of many of the world's newspapers.
• The antihydrogen atom could play a role in the study of
the antiworld similar to that played by the hydrogen atom
in over more than a century of scientific history.
• Hydrogen makes up three quarters of our universe,
and much of what we know about the cosmos has
been discovered by studying ordinary hydrogen.
• Does antihydrogen behave exactly like ordinary
hydrogen ? – studies at the experimental facility at
CERN: the Antiproton Decelerator.
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78. Antimatter production
at the Earth
• 16 Sept 2002
The ATHENA collaboration, working at the
Antiproton Decelerator, has announced
the first controlled production of large
numbers of antihydrogen atoms at low
energies!
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79. Gravitational properties of
antimatter
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80. Gravitational properties of
antimatter
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81. Applications of anti-particles
• The electron-positron annihilations can reveal
the workings of the brain in the technique called
Positron Emission Tomography (PET).
• In PET, the positrons come from the decay of
radioactive nuclei incorporated in a special fluid
injected into the patient. The positrons then
annihilate with electrons in nearby atoms: the
energy emerges as two gamma-rays which
shoot off in opposite directions to conserve
momentum.
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82. Applications of Annihilation
• Antimatter Propulsion
(by Gordon Fraser)
• The 1980s US Strategic Defense Initiative program ('Star Wars') –
evaluation of antimatter as rocket fuel or to drive space-borne
weapons platforms.
• Antimatter, converting all its mass into energy, is the ultimate
fuel.
However, … all the antiprotons produced at CERN during one year
would supply enough energy to light a 100 watt electric bulb for
three seconds!
• The efficiency of the antimatter energy production process
would be 0.00000001%. Even the steam engine is millions of times
more efficient!
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83. Annihilation …
• Preliminary experiments carried out at CERN have
shown that antimatter particle beams could be very
effective at destroying cancer cells.
• Positron emission tomography relies on the principles of
antimatter to create viable diagnostics for cancer
presumptions.
• Dan Brown's book ‘Angels and Demons’ is exaggerating
that entire cities could be wiped out from the face of the
Earth with sufficient amounts of antimatter.
• There is no way for that to happen as far as
antimatter in sufficient quantities will never be
produced, at least at the LHC.
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_antimatterweapon.htm
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84. Antimatter energetics
Summer School KPI 15 August 2009 84

85. Antimatter - Annihilation
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86. Annihilation for ignition DT
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87. Some publications on antimatter
triggered thermonuclear explosions
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, U.S.A. :
On the Utility of Antiprotons as Drivers for Inertial Confinement Fusion by L. John Perkins, Charles D.
Orth, Max Tabak, published 2004,
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, U.S.A. : Controlled antihydrogen
propulsion for NASA's future in very deep space by M.M. Nieto, M.H. Holzscheiter, and S.G.
Turyshev,
Ioffe Physical Technical Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia :
The typical number of antiprotons necessary to heat the spot in D-T fuel doped with U by M.L. Shmatov,
published 2005,
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_antimatterweapon.htm
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88. •Механізм прискорення КП (до 10 15 еВ) -
прискорення на фронтах ударних хвиль в
оболонках Супернових.
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89. в центрі Крабовидної туманності (залишки SN-II, 1054 рік) знаходиться пульсар.
- прискорення частинок до енергії 1012 – 10 13 еВ
За рахунок різниці потенціалів на поверхні і в магнітосфері
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90. Concluding remarks.
Antimatter studies at the LHC (CERN) are at the
forefront of the modern high energy physics
New level of the energy 14 ТeV at the LHC:
• New particles: Higgs bosons, super-symmetric partners, …
• New form of the matter : quark-gluon plasma, black micro-holes, antimatter …
• Shedding more light on the matter-antimatter evolution of the Universe
• Observation of the super-high energy cosmic rays – signal about the existence of a new
energy production processes ?
Fundamental studies making challenge to existing technologies
provide progress in all spheres of the human beings life.
This requires enthusiasm of talented young people.
Welcome to High Energy Physics!
Acknowledgements
To LHCb Colleagues:
T. Nakada, V. Gibson, A. Golutvin,
N. Harnew (LHCb), M.-H.Shune, S. Barsuk
(for some slides copied from their LHCb presentations )
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91. Thank you for your attention !
I believe that in the anti-world an anti-rainbow
means a good future
which I wish to happen for you!
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