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Zero Rating in Europe
Scarcity as a Business Model
Thomas Lohninger, Carthagena (Colombia) 24.07.2019
Innovation without permission
Net Neutrality
=
Discrimination Protection
technical: throttle/prioritise
economic: cheaper/expensive
2 Types of Discrimination:
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization 

+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
+ Zero-Rating
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization 

+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
+ Zero-Rating
+ Blocking / Throttling
+ Paid Prioritization
+ Specialised Services
+ Device Freedom
~ Zero-Rating
~ Inter-Connection
?
Differential Pricing =
Zero-Rating or
Application Specific Data Volume
Zero-rating is defined as the practice of an
unlimited data volume for specific applications
or classes of applications.
Application specific data volume is the practice
of providing data volume which is only usable for
a specific application or category of applications.
Differential Pricing
epicenter.works/
document/1522
Complete Survey of all Differential Pricing offers
• 32 countries (EEA+CH)
• 225 operators (MNO & MVNO)
• five people that spoke six languages worked for four months
• 186 net neutrality violations identified!
Identification Technologies
• IP Adresses
• Domain Names
• Server Name Identification
• URLs
• DNS-Snooping
URLs could become billing data!
Specialised Services
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
5GNN
en.epicenter.works

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