1. AQUATIC BIODIVERSITY
Celebrated on Coins
pg. 51
COIN USE IN THE
PERSIAN EMPIRE
pg. 18
SHOW & AUCTION GUIDE INSIDE PG. A1
WHAT’S NEW IN
NUMISMASTER
pg. 4
pg. 53
TH
ANNOUNCED
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g
AUSTRALIA. 1/2 Penny, 1939.
Melbourne Mint. George VI.
NGC PROOF-65 Brown.
Mintage: 100.
DENMARK. Speciedaler, 1704.
Copenhagen Mint. Frederik IV.
NGC MS-61.
AUSTRIA. Austria – Ethiopia.
Off-Metal Gold Medallic Taler of
20 Ducats Weight, "1780"-SF (ca. 1950).
London Mint. PCGS MS-62.
Struck for the use of Haile Selassie I
(Ras Tafari Makonnen).
GREAT BRITAIN. Triple Unite, 1643.
Oxford Mint; mm:
banded plumes. Charles I.
PCGS AU-55.
GREAT BRITAIN. Gold 50 Shillings
Pattern, 1656. Oliver Cromwell.
PCGS PROOF-62 Cameo.
RUSSIA. Silver Poltina (1/2 Ruble)
Novodel, 1712. Moscow (Red) Mint.
Peter (the Great).
NGC MS-61.
Photo Reduced
SPAIN. 50 Reales (Cinquentin), 1635-R.
Segovia Mint. Philip IV.
PCGS EF-40.
MARTINIQUE. Martinique - Brazil.
20 Livres, ND (ca. 1802).
PCGS AU-55;
Countermark: Unc Details.
AUSTRIA. Ducat, 1513.
Hall Mint. Maximilian I.
PCGS EF-40.
SBG WCN Aug2023 HL 230701
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THE NO. 1 INFORMATION SOURCE FOR COIN COLLECTORS
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THE NO. 1 INFORMATION SOURCE FOR COIN COLLECTORS
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THE NO. 1 INFORMATION SOURCE FOR COIN COLLECTORS
2024 Women Quarter Honorees Named Page 18
Lincoln Die Varieties
Set Records Page 34
Coin Conservation
Basics
Page 38
COIN OF THE
YEAR GOES
TO UKRAINE
1XPLVPDWLF1HZV
February 28, 2023 • Vol. 72 No. 7 • $4.99
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Gets Top Honors Page 20
New Platinum
Proof Coin Page 11
SIBERIAN COINAGE
pg. 22
CELEBRATING
Women on Coins
pg. 34
COIN COLLECTING CHANGING PG. 6
UKRAINE STEALS THE SHOW
2023COTYWinnerAnnounced
OTTOMAN TUNISIA
Modernizes Currency
pg. 18
pg. 38
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6. 6 World Coin News / July 2023
Richard Giedroyc
Australia and Vietnam are at war again. This time,
however, it’s a war of words.
The war in Vietnam that included Australia as well
as the United States and other allies may be in our rear
sights, but history has a habit of being re-interpreted
and re-written.
The Royal Australian Mint at Canberra issued non-
circulating legal tender commemorative $2 gold-color
and $2 silver composition colorized coins in April to
mark the 50th anniversary of Australia withdrawing its
troops from the conflict. The RAM produced 80,000
gold-color aluminum-bronze composition $2 coins that
sold for $15 (U.S. $10) each, and an additional 5,000
.999 fine silver 8.55-gram coins that initially sold for $80
(U.S. $54). These are the first Australian $2 full-color
coins. The coins sold out almost immediately. At the
time this article was being written it appeared the silver
coin was selling for more than $1,200 (U.S. $805), while
the gold-color coin was selling for $80 Australian on
e-commerce sites.
VIETNAM PROTESTS AUSTRALIAN COINS
Australian troops withdrew from Vietnam in 1973,
two years before the Communists from the north cap-
tured South Vietnam’s capitol Saigon and declared vic-
tory on April 30, 1975.
Each of the coins 2023-C dated coins depicts the
late Queen Elizabeth II facing right by Jody Clark
on the obverse. While Charles III is now Australia’s
monarch, his portrait for Australian coinage has not yet
been approved.
A UH1 or Huey helicopter flies left on the reverse
designed by A. Ball. The helicopter is surrounded by
a color enhanced ring that includes several symbolic
colors representing medals awarded to Australian sol-
diers during the conflict. Among those colors are those
representing the yellow and red flag of the Republic of
Vietnam, also known as South Vietnam.
It’s the colors representing the flag of South Vietnam
that have hit a nerve with the current government of the
Socialist Republic of Vietnam. According to an official
Vietnamese estimate released in 1995, perhaps 2 million
Vietnam is protesting the use of the flag of former South Vietnam appearing on an Australian commemorative coin.
7. 32%R[)DLU¿
HOG7
WR
DJEHUPDQ#DROFRP
ZZZEHUPDQLDFRP
TERMS: All items are guaranteed genuine as described. 7-day return for any
reason. Please make remittance in US funds. Money orders: sent in 48 hours,
personal checks must clear.
PHONE HOURS: As the office rings only in the office you may feel free to call
24 hours a day. If I am in at 1:00 am and have one arm free I will be
happy to answer it. My frequent working hours are 10am to 9pm, phone
(845) 434-6090. I suspect you will have the most success emailing me
however. I save all emails as “new” until dealt with.
POSTAGE: $6, Priority $11. Overseas ask for a quote.
LAYAWAY: No problem, just ask.
As the power of the great Abbassid Empire
began to decline, regional powers began
to assert themselves. The Buyid (Buwayhid)
Dynasty took control over most of Iraq and
Iran from 934 to 1061 AD. And despite having
thrown off the Abbasid yoke, they even paid
homage to the Abbasid Calif on their coins.
Old habits die hard. Silver Dirham, VF but
weakly struck ................................................ $25
Made for Gretta the Horse’s 1940 bat mitzvah
bi-lingual Yiddish Latin. From an original
hoard. BU ................................................... $4.00
Why did I buy an entire 1991 mint bag of
Djbouti 5 Franc pieces?
To get the giant eland on the back of course.
OK, the fact that it is an unusual location
didn’t hurt either ....................................... $4.00
Or if you like take 10 for ......................... $26.00
One of several Italian city states intermittently
ruled by or in revolt against papal authority.
ca.1300s base silver denaro citing Ancona’s
patron St. Quiriacus. VF............................ 65.00
This half dollar sized silver depicts the castle
used by the Livonian and Teutonic orders.
Today it houses the parliament. Average
XF................................................................. 20.00
Struck in 1893 by Bethany College, KS, this
is not only a big 50+mm, but BU! Whiting
#803............................................................ 49.00
One cannot avoid noticing the distinctive
8-petalled shape of this unusual coin. The
obverse depicts the Snow Lion, surrounded by
the inscription “The Ganden palace, victorious
in all directions.” The reverse has a central
pinwheel design representing 3 fish. Struck
1918-22, this particular group is exceptionally
nice, averaging XF condition...................... $29
Struck in 1915 during a time of chaos when
the Mexican states struck their own coins,
these bear a portrait of Juarez in various
styles. 20 centavos, AU........................... $39.00
The only coin of this 34 day Pope, in original
holder of issue, BU..................................... 35.00
I was completely delighted when just a week
ago a friend offered me a hoard of these
FULL RED coppers issued by Spain’s last king
before the Civil War. Did you know he was
king the day he was born? ..................... 20.00
Yes, these base silver coins depict the head
of a wool comb. They were struck by the
Roman Senate 1100s to 1300s based on a
design on coins brought to Rome by French
pilgrims. F, crude...................................... $45.00
John Paul II was Poland’s internationally
respected favorite son. When that beloved
Pope died in 2005 it was only natural that
Poland would memorialize him with a coin.
Roughly the size of a small US dollar, these
bright gold colored coins were struck in
a brass alloy called “Nordic Gold”. BU.. $4.00
10 piece lot.............................................. $33.00
BERMANIA
HORSECART TOKEN
Do you have a coin from
DJBOUTI?
ESTONIAN CASTLE
1930 SILVER 2 KROONI
MEDIEVAL ITALY:
ANCONA 1300s
SCALLOPED
TIBETAN COPPER
MEXICAN REVOLUTION
OAXACA STATE COPPERS
POPE JOHN PAUL II
POLAND 2 ZLOTE
MEDIEVAL ROMAN
WOOL COMB DENARI
MEDIEVAL ISLAMIC SILVER ALFONSO XIII of SPAIN
1912 BU 2 Centimos
JOHN PAUL I
SILVER 1,000 LIRE
GIANT EARLY ALUMINUM
LUTHER MEDAL
8. 8 World Coin News / July 2023
GOLD BUYERS: NO PAYPAL NO CREDIT CARDS FOR GOLD COINS. PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE (UP/DOWN) BASED ON CURRENT GOLD
PRICES. THIS LIST SUPER SEDES ALL PRIOR LISTS! TO ORDER PLEASE EMAIL US AT: DISTINCTIVECOINS@YAHOO.COM THANK YOU.
** ANCIENT COINS OF THE WORLD **
ATHENS, ATTICA
c.5TH-4TH CENTURIES BC TETRADRACHM
NGC-CH AU NEAR EAST OR EGYPT STRIKE 5/5
SURFACE 4/5..................................................... 950
c.440-404BC TETRADRACHM NGC-CH AU STRIKE 5/5,
SURFACE 4/5..................................................... 850
c.440-404BC TETRADRACHM NGC-MS STRIKE 4/5,
SURFACE 3/5 BRUSHED..................................... 950
SICILY, ACRAGAS
470-420BC TETRADRACHM OBV EAGLE REV CRAB
OVERSTRUCK, SCUFF, SMOOTHING NGC VF STRIKE
5/5 SURFACE 1/5........................................... 1,000
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
565-578AD SOLIDUS JUSTIN II NGC CH AU STRIKE
5/5 SURFACE 3/5 CLIPPED................................ 900
THEOPHILIS
829-842 SOLIDUS SEAR-1670 AU........................ 800
WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE
364-375 SOLIDUS VALENTINIAN I NGC AU STRIKE
5/5 SURFACE 1/5 SCRATCHES........................ 2,000
ZEUGITANA, CARTHAGE
320-280BC STATER TANIT, HORSE NGC AU STRIKE
5/5 SURFACE 2/5 EDGE MARKS BRUSHED...... 5,000
**** GOLD COINS OF THE WORLD ****
ARGENTINA
1883 5 PESOS K-31 NGC-MS60............................ 525
AUSTRALIA
1857 SY 1/2 SOVEREIGN K-3 PCGS-XF45.......... 2,500
1865 SOVEREIGN K-4 NGC-AU50...................... 1,200
AUSTRIA
1909 10 CORONA K-2815 AU .............................. 215
1915 4 DUCAT RESTRIKE..................................... 920
BRITISH GUIANA
ND(1910) MEDAL PRID-69 XF GEORGETOWN....... 270
CANADA
2021 $8 PROOF CHINESE DRAGON...................... 200
1914 $10 K-27 PCGS-MS64 GOLD RESRV.......... 1,375
CHINA
1999 5 YUAN SM DATE PANDA IN OMP............... 220
2013 150 YUAN NGC-PF69UC FAN SNAKE ........... 800
COLOMBIA
1872 PESO K-157.1 UNC...................................... 380
COSTA RICA
1970 50 COLONES K-195.1 PRF CONVEN............. 500
CUBA
1916 2 PESOS K-17 ICG-MS63 ............................. 325
CZECHOLSOVAKIA
1924 DUCAT K-8 UNC....................................... 1,500
1933 DUCAT K-8 UNC....................................... 1,300
FRANCE
1878 20 FRANCS UNC.......................................... 410
1811A 40 FRANCS K-696.1 NGC-AU55................. 950
1858A 100 FRANCS K-786.1 AU+ SOME STRAY
WHISPY LINES ............................................... 2,100
1886A 100 FRANCS K-832 UNC REV WIPED...... 2,450
GERMANY-BADEN
1914G 20 MARK K-284 NGC-MS62 ...................... 750
GREAT BRITAIN
1869 1/2 SOVEREIGN K-735.2 NGC-AU50........... 600
1874 1/2 SOVEREIGN K-735.2 NGC-AU55........... 450
1869 SOVEREIGN K-736.2 NGC-AU58 DOURO
TREASURE ......................................................... 600
1912 SOVEREIGN K-820 AU................................. 515
INDIA, MADRAS PRESIDENCY
ND(1671-1740) PAGODA K-289 UNC.................... 325
IRAN
SH1358 AZADI K-1240 BU 1 YR TYPE.................. 525
SH1386 AZADI K-1264 BU................................... 525
IRAQ
1971 5 DINARS K-134 PRF CAMEO SL BAGGY...... 950
MALTA
1756 10 SCUDI K-255 VF+ CLND ......................... 750
MEXICO
1959 10 PESOS K-478 BU.................................... 490
1993MO 25 PESOS K-585 NGC-PF69UC TOP POP LOW
MINTAGE OF 802........................................... 1,500
NETHERLANDS
1927 10 GULDEN BU........................................... 425
PERU
1836 1/2 ESCUDO K-146.1 UNC LT WIPE
REVERSE............................................................ 900
1851 1/2 ESCUDO K-146.1 KEY VF/XF................ 900
SERBIA
1882V 10 DINARA K-16 XF.................................. 350
1882V 10 DINARA K-16 AU................................. 375
SOUTH AFRICA
1931SA SOVEREIGN K-A22 AU............................. 490
SPAIN
(1476-1516)S 2 EXCELENTES NGC-AU DETAILS
CLEANED FERDINAND V ISABLE I................ 2,000
SWITZERLAND
1927 20 FRANC BU.............................................. 410
TURKEY
1923/20 50 KURUSH K-853 AU........................... 220
****** CERTIFIED CROWNS AND
MINORS OF THE WORLD ******
AFGHANISTAN
SH1316(1937) 10 PUL K-939 NGC-MS66 TOP
POP 2/0.............................................................. 90
SH1316(1937) 25 PUL K-940 NGC-MS65................ 60
AUSTRALIA
1959 1/2 PENNY K-56 NGC-PF64RB .................... 300
1960 1/2 PENNY K-56 NGC-PF66RD .................... 350
1916I PENNY K-23 NGC-MS62BN......................... 200
1919M 6 PENCE K-25 NC-MS62............................ 420
AUSTRIA
1799A 3 KREUZER K-2115.1 NGC-MS64RB TOP
POP 1/0 RARE IN GRADE .................................. 650
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO
1938H CENT K-3 NGC-MS66................................. 150
BULGARIA
1925(P) LEV K-37 NGC-UNC DET CLND................... 48
CANADA
1898H CENT K-7 NGC-MS64BN............................ 300
1899 CENT K-7 NGC-MS65BN .............................. 350
1908 CENT K-8 NGC-MS64BN .............................. 125
1898 5 CENT K-2 NGC-UNC DETAILS SCRATCH
(SMALL LIGHT PIN SCRATCH REV) ..................... 100
1911 5 CENTS K-16 PCGS-AU55............................. 32
1922 5 CENTS K-29 NGC-MS65............................ 450
1925 5 CENTS K-29 NGC-AU58............................ 600
1928 5 CENTS K-29 NGC-MS63............................ 100
1930 5 CENTS K-29 NGC-MS64............................ 200
1935 10 CENT K-23A ANACS-AU50 (NICE).............. 80
1951 25 CENT K-44 PCGS-MS64 HIGH................. 120
1952 25 CENT K-44 PCGS-PL63 LOW ..................... 60
1906 50 CENT K-12 NGC-VF35............................. 200
CHINA-EMPIRE
1911 DOLLAR LM-37 PCGS-XF TOOLED.............. 950
CHINA-HUNAN
1919 20 CASH Y-400 NGC-MS63BN CROSSED ...... 150
1919 20 CASH Y-400 NGC-MS65BN CROSSED ...... 480
CHINA-HUPEH
1894 10 CENTS Y-124 NGC-VF DET CLEANED......... 75
CHINA-KWANGTUNG
1916 CENT K-417A NGC-MS63 BRASS.................. 400
1929 20 CENT LM-158 NGC-MS65 ..................... 380
CHINA-MANCHURIAN
1909 20 CENTS LM-492 NGC-AU DETAILS REV
CLEANED(SLAB SHOWS AS 10 CENT) ................. 300
1909 20 CENTS LM-498 NGC-AU DET CLN ......... 120
CHINA-SOVIET
1960 CENT NGC-MS64RD RESTRIKE....................... 90
CHINA-SZECHUAN
1912 10 CASH Y-447 NGC-AU58.......................... 250
1912 50 CASH Y-449.1A NGC-AU55..................... 150
1913 100 CASH Y-450.1A PCGS-AU55 ................. 250
CHINA-YUNNAN (FRENCH INDO CHINA)
1943-44 TAEL LM-435 NGC-MS61 SMALL
DEER HEAD..................................................... 6,000
CHINA-REPUBLIC
1919 10 CASH LRG ROSETTES/WHEAT CURVED
TASSEL NGC-MS61BN 90 ROTATED DIE.............. 300
1920 10 CASH Y-303 NGC-MS63BN ..................... 100
1920 10 CHAS Y-303 NGC-MS65BN INCUSE STAR-SM
CHARACTERS CREASE......................................... 500
1936 CENT Y-347 NGC-MS64BN............................. 90
1938 CENT Y-347 NGC-MS63BN............................. 60
1940 CENT Y-357 NGC-MS64................................. 75
1948 CENT Y-363 NGC-MS64RB MOSTLY RD........ 100
1936 10 CENT Y-349 NGC-MS63............................ 80
1936 10 CENT Y-349 NGC-MS64.......................... 100
1938 20 CENT Y-350 NGC-MS63............................ 50
1914 50 CENT LM-64 NGC-AU53 .................... 4,500
1920 DOLLAR LM-77 NGC-MS62..................... 1,200
1920 DOLLAR LM-77 NGC-MS63+................... 2,500
1927 DOLLAR LM-49 NGC-UNC DET CLND ......... 175
1927 DOLLAR LM-49 NGC-AU55........................ 340
1934 DOLLAR LM-110 NGC-AU58...................... 275
1934 DOLLAR LM-110 NGC-MS62 JUNK............. 400
1934 DOLLAR LM-110 NGC-MS63 JUNK............. 600
1934 DOLLAR LM-110 NGC-MS64 JUNK............. 800
CHINA-REFORMED GOVERNMENT
1940 10 FEN Y-522 NGC-MS64............................ 100
CRETE
1901A LEPTON K-1 NGC-MS63BN.......................... 90
CUBA
1915 CENTAVO K-9.1 NGC-MS65.......................... 350
1948 10 CENTAVOS K-A12 NGC-MS65.................. 275
1897 PESO K-XM1 NGC-AU DETAILS CLEANED
SOUVENIR TYPE 1 PAT 97 ON NECK.................. 900
1897 PESO K-XM2 NGC-MS64 SOUVENIR TYPE 2
STAR BELOW 97............................................. 1,000
DENMARK
1875 ORE K-792.1 NGC-MS65RB TOP POP........... 250
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
1963 5 CENTAVOS K-26 NGC-MS65........................ 75
EGYPT
AH1335/1916 5 MILLIEMES K-315 NGC-MS63.... 100
AH1335/1917H 5 MILLIEMES K-315 NGC-MS63 ... 50
1929 2 PIASTRES K-348 NGC-MS63 ....................... 50
ESTONIA
1939 SENT K-10 NGC-MS64RB............................... 50
GERMAN EAST AFRICA
1892 PESA K-1 NGC-MS65BN............................... 100
GERMAN NEW GUINEA
1894 10 PFENNIG K-3 NGC-UNC DET CLN............ 225
1894 10 PFENNIG K-3 NGC-UNC ALTERED COLOR.. 250
GERMANY-BAVARIA
1847 2 THALER K-823 NGC-AU DET ENV DAM..... 450
GERMANY-HESSE-CASSEL
1799 1/24 THALER K-529 NGC-MS64.................. 250
1833 3 KREUZER K-296 NGC-MS65 AKS-110 RARE
TYPE QUALITY ............................................... 400
GERMANY-HESSE-DARMSTADT
1871 KREUZER K-339 NGC-MS64........................... 60
GERMANY-LUBECK
1908A 3 MARK K-215 NGC-MS65......................... 350
GERMANY-MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ
1855A 1/48 THALER K-91 NGC-MS67!................. 500
GERMANY-NURNBERG
1926 SILVER MEDAL PCGS-SP62 CITY VIEW / ARMY
MARINE ......................................................... 250
GERMANY-REGENSBURG
1744-52B KREUZER K292 NGC-MS66 TOP
POP 1/0............................................................ 200
GERMANY-SAXONY
1872B 2 THALER D-899 PCGS-UNC DET CLN........ 280
1902E 5 MARK K-1256 NGC-MS62 DEATH ........... 280
1904E 5 MARK K-1258 NGC-PF64 CAMEO ONLY
70 MINTED! RARE .......................................... 4,000
GERMANY-SAYN-WITTGENSTEIN
1686 1/16 THALER K-113 NGC-AU DETAILS CLEANED
UNLISTED DATE AND PRICE............................ 1,000
GERMANY-WURZBURG
1811 1/4 KREUZER K-476 NGC-MS65BN TOP POP
1 YEAR TYPE .................................................. 1,000
GERMANY
1918D 1/2 MARK K-17 PCGS-MS67 AMAZING
COLORFUL TONING ON OBV ............................. 250
1940A 10 PFENNIG K-99 PCGS-AU55 MILITARY
ISSUE WITH HOLEE............................................. 90
GREAT BRITAIN
1827 1/3 FARTHING K-703 NGC-MS65BN ........... 200
1823 FARTHING K-677 NGC-AU58BN ARABIC DATE .. 70
1825 FARTHING K-677 NGC-MS64RB................... 225
1881H FARTHING K-753 NGC-MS65RB ................ 180
1719 1/2 PENNY S-3660 NGC-AU50.................... 750
1855 1/2 PENNY K-726 NGC-MS63BN................. 150
1875 1/2 PENNY K-754 NGC-MS63BN................. 200
1806 PENNY K-663 NGC-MS63BN........................ 280
1526-32 2 PENCE S-2343 NGC-AU55 CANTERBURY,
HENRY VII WARHAM......................................... 500
1797 2 PENCE K-619 NGC-AU55.......................... 300
1887 3 PENCE S-3931 PCGS-MS66 COLORFUL
RAINBOW TONING............................................ 500
1887 FLORIN K-762 NGC-MS64 ........................... 150
1920 1/2 CROWN K-818.1 NGC-MS63................. 200
1734 CROWN K-575.1 NGC-AU58..................... 4,200
1845 CROWN K-741 PCGS-AU DET CLEANED........ 600
1931 CROWN K-836 NGC-AU58........................... 500
2011 SILVER 2 POUND NGC-MS69 MATTE ............. 60
GREECE
1894A 20 LEPTA K-57 NGC-UNC EDGE DAMAGE
(AT FIRST, HARD TO SEE)................................... 150
HONG KONG
1898 5 CENT K-5 NGC-MS62................................ 100
1933 5 CENT K-18 NGC-MS67 TOP POP 8/0........ 400
1894 10 CENTS K-6.3 PCGS-MS62........................ 200
1893 50 CENTS K-9.1 NGC-VF35....................... 1,000
HUNGARY
1632KB 1/4 THALER K-71 NGC-AU DET CLN ....... 250
INDIA-BRITISH
1889C 1/4 ANNA K-486 NGC-MS64RB................... 65
1904C 2 ANNA K-505 NGC-MS64......................... 100
1908C 1/4 RUPEE K-506 NGC-MS62.................... 100
1934C 1/4 RUPEE K-518 NGC-MS64...................... 80
1892C RUPEE K-492 NGC-MS62........................... 250
1906C RUPEE K-508 NGC-MS64........................... 400
1909C RUPEE K-509 NGC-MS62........................... 150
INDIA-KUTCH
VS1993-1936 5 KORI Y-67 PCGS-MS66 BULLSEYE
TONING TOP POP 6/0....................................... 500
IRAN
SH1306L 5000 DINARS K-1106 NGC-MS63.......... 250
IRAQ
1970 250 FILS K-150 NGC-MS65 FAO.................... 75
1971 SILVER DINAR K-133 NGC-PF68UC TOP
POP 4/0............................................................ 700
ITALY-PARMA
1815 LIRA C-28 NGC-AU DET CLEANED................ 120
ITALY-SARDINIA
1826 5 CENTESIMI K-127.1 NGC-MS64BN............. 80
1831P 50 CENTESIMI K-12.1 NGC-VF35............... 150
1827L LIRA K-121.1 PCGS-AU50 COLORFUL ........ 800
ITALY
1903R 25 CENTESIMI K-36 NGC-MS65................. 300
KOREA-SOUTH
1959(4292) 10 HWAN K-1 NGC-MS65BN............. 500
1967 WON K-4 NGC-MS65..................................... 75
1967 5 WON K-5 NGC-MS63.................................. 85
1967 10 WON K-6 NGC-MS63.............................. 100
1967 10 WON K-6 NGC-MS64.............................. 300
1970 10 WON K-6 NGC-MS63................................ 70
1974 10 WON K-6 NGC-MS64................................ 60
1973 100 WON K-9 NGC-MS65............................ 120
KYRGYZSTAN
1995 10 SOM K-1 NGC-PF66UC.............................. 80
LATVIA
1929 5 LATI K-9 NGC-MS63................................. 225
LEBANON
1952 50 PIASTRES K-17 NGC-MS66 ....................... 50
LIECHTENSTEIN
1904 5 KRONER Y-4 PCGS-AU55.......................... 225
MEXICO
1890CN 8 REALES K-377 NGC-UNC DET CLN........ 150
MALTA, ORDER OF
1965 ZECCHI SILVER NGC-PF69UC MINT REPORTED
ONLY 3 MADE ................................................... 400
MINERVA
1973 $35 NGC-M66 BUST OF MINERVA............... 300
MONGOLIA
1925 50 MONGO LM-620 NGC-MS63+............... 950
NETHERLANDS
1876 5 CENTS K-80 NGC-MS67............................ 120
NIGER
1968 10 FRANCS K-10 NGC-PF67UC..................... 100
NORWAY
1982 100 KRONER PCGS-MS67 COLORFUL........... 200
PERU
1856 1/4 REAL K-143.1 NGC-MS64..................... 375
PANAMA
1973FM 20 BALBOAS K-31 NGC-PF67UC.............. 175
1974FM 20 BALBOAS K-31 NGC-MS68................. 140
PHILIPPINES
1908S CENTAVO NGC-MS66BN............................. 750
1903 50 CENTAVOS K-167 NGC-PF63................... 500
1897 PESO K-154 NGC-MS61............................ 1,050
POLAND
1386-1434 1/2 GROSCHEN G-416 NGC-F12........... 65
1792MV 3 GROSCHEN NGC-F12BN......................... 38
1566 4 GROSCHEN K-3311 ANACS-F DETAILS........ 45
1766 4 GROSCHEN K-185 ANACS-VF20.................. 75
1840MW 10 GROSZY NGC-XF40............................ 55
1754EC 18 GROSZY K-148.2 ANACS-VF25.............. 75
¨
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any state or local sales taxes.
4. Returns – for any reason – within 21 days
5. Most items are one-of-a-kind and are subject to prior sale.
Distinctive Coins is no liable for cataloging errors.
11. www.numismaticnews.net / July 2023 11
CHARLEMAGNE’S WIFE’S NAME
DISCOVERED ON COIN
Powerful and prominent women have either
appeared solo or accompanied by their monarch hus-
band on coins throughout much of history. Cleopatra
VII of Egypt appears on coins issued during her reign.
The wives and daughters of various Roman emperors
appear on coins throughout the empire. Byzantine
emperors enthroned next to their likewise enthroned
wives on coins attest to the influence of these spouses.
There are also Byzantine coins on which an empress
appears by herself.
What is unusual is a medieval European coin on
which the consort of a king is named or appears. A
rare exception is the late 780s emission of Anglo-
Saxon silver pennies of Offa of Mercia issued by the
moneyer Eoba in the name of Offa’s wife Cynethryth.
Cataloged as S. 909 and 910 in Coins of England and
the United Kingdom these light penny coins of Offa
depict Cynethryth wearing a peplos-style dress or tunic
and round diadem in her hair on the obverse accompa-
nied by the legend EOBA. The reverse legend reads
CENEðRYð REGINA M. Two recently discovered
non-portrait pennies not in the Coins of England cata-
log were minted by the moneyer Ludoman of London.
In early May the Centre Charlemagne, New Aachen
City Museum in Aachen, Germany announced the
museum’s 2022 acquisition of the first known coin of
Charlemagne (768-814) on which the name of one of
his queen’s appears. The museum did not explain from
whom or where the coin was acquired, but acknowl-
edged the coin on which Queen Fastrada is named is
the first known example of a queen being named (other
than the Virgin Mary) on any Carolingian coin.
The obverse of the silver denier reads
+CARoLVSREXFR[ancorum], which translates to
Charles, king of the Franks. The reverse features the
well-known monogram of Charlemagne, however the
legend reads +FASTRADA REGIN[a], which trans-
lates to Queen Fastrada. The coin type was introduced
civilians as well as about 1.1 million North Vietnamese
and Viet Cong fighters died in the conflict. The U.S.
military has estimated about 200,000 to 250,000 South
Vietnamese soldiers also died.
Australia sent more than 60,000 soldiers to the
conflict, 523 of whom died and an estimated 2,400
were wounded. The war was unpopular in Australia.
Australia’s involvement was longer than its involvement
with any other 20th century conflict.
On April 28 the Vietnam government demanded
Australia withdraw the coins, stating the flag of what
had been South Vietnam was not appropriate. Vietnam
National Assembly Chairman Vuong Dinh Hue vis-
ited in Australia in November 2022. During that visit
both sides agreed to increase their collaboration in
national defense, security, educational training, labor,
and agriculture.
The Australian coins prompted Vietnam Ministry
of Foreign Affairs Deputy Spokeswoman Pham Thu
Hang to post a statement on the Vietnam government’s
Facebook page reading: “We regret and strongly protest
the Royal Australian Mint and Australia Post for issuing
items with the image of the yellow flag – the flag of a
regime that no longer exists. This is completely inconsis-
tent with the good development trend [of those efforts].”
Hang indicated Vietnam had formally requested the
coin’s issuance cease to the Australian government.
The RAM replied, “The design of the coin reflects
the colors of the ribbons of the service medals award-
ed to Australians who served in Vietnam, including
the Vietnam Service medal, introduced in 1968. The
Australian Government does not recognize the flag of
the former Republic of Vietnam.”
Displaying the flag of the former South Vietnamese
nation has been a flash point for the current communist
government before. On Dec. 27, 2014, the Los Angeles
Times newspaper quoted State Senator Lou Correa
(D-Santa Ana) as saying, “The symbolism endures.
What the Vietnamese people feel for their flag is never-
ending. It’s something beautiful to behold.”
In 2015 the Seattle (Washington state) city council
recognized the local Vietnamese community by acknowl-
edging the flag as the “Heritage and Freedom Flag” as
their unifying symbol.
The South Vietnamese flag was among flags appear-
ing during the January 2021 siege of the U.S. Capitol,
likely due to Vietnamese American supporters of then
President Donald Trump.
Vietnam television postponed the broadcast of their
Vietnamese national soccer team traveling to Australia
in January 2022 due to fans having brought red-striped
yellow South Vietnam flags to the stadium.
12. 12 World Coin News / July 2023
Charlemagne’s wife Fastrada appears on a contemporary coin,
possibly a commemorative issue.
in 793. Fastrada died in August 794. The Mercia coins
on which Cynethryth is named were struck in 792.
In a September 791 letter from Charlemagne to
Fastra written while he was on a campaign against the
Avars the king (Charlemagne was crowned emperor
in 800) addresses Fastrada as “our dear and very
lovely wife the queen.” An entry for 792 in the Royal
Frankish Annals reads: “the most gentle king joined
his wife the lady Fastrada in the city of Worms; and
there they rejoiced and were glad and praised God’s
mercy together.”
Fastrada was Charlemagne’s third wife. Born around
765, Fastrada was a daughter of the East Frankish
Count Rudolph. She married Charlemagne only
five months following the death of his second wife,
Himiltrude. It is likely the marriage assured an alliance
between the East Franks and Charlemagne in a war
against the Saxons. Charlemagne and Fastrada were
married for 11 years and had two daughters together.
The written documentation and births suggest a true
love relationship that numismatic scholars are saying
is likely why Charlemagne named Fastrada on at least
one coin type, that concept also likely copied from the
Offa-Cynethryth pennies of about one year earlier. The
kingdoms of Offa and Charlemagne have been docu-
mented to have traded, making it likely Charlemagne
knew of the Offa-Cynethryth pennies.
The question of if the Fastrada coin may have been
a posthumous commemorative has been raised by
Simon Coupland in his May 2023 paper A Coin of Queen
Fastrada and Charlemagne.
Coupland notes there are more than 50 recorded
examples of Cynethryth’s coinage, and that these coins
originated from “numerous different dies, but this is the
first and to date only specimen of a coin of Fastrada.”
Coupland also notes most of Cynethryth’s are portrait
coins, and that the Cynethryth coinage ceased at
almost exactly the same time as when Fastrada’s began.
Coupland then questions if there is any significant to
these dissimilarities.
Charlemagne’s royal monogram deniers and oboles
or half deniers were introduced in a coinage reform
in 792. His earlier emissions are about 18-millimeter
diameter, 1.3-gram coins struck at more than 100 mints
on which his name is expressed as CARo-LVS on the
obverse. The 793 and beyond deniers were struck on
about 21mm diameter flans of about 1.7-gram weight at
perhaps 40 mints following the coinage reform.
Charlemagne or Charles the Great was the eldest
son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon. He
united most of Western Europe for the first time since
the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476.
Charlemagne repudiated his first wife Desiderata, a
Lombard princess, within a year of his marriage, then
marrying the 13-year-old Swabian Hildegard. Within
13. www.numismaticnews.net / July 2023 13
Many questions remain regarding a 2021 find
of Roman Republican coins now on display at the
Museum of Natural History of the Mediterranean in
Livorno, Italy.
The 175 silver denarii discovered by a member of
the Livorno Paleontological Archaeological Group in
an area of a forest northeast of Livorno in Tuscany
date between 157 or 156 B.C. and 83 or 82 B.C. Many
denarii coins of this period depict the head of Roman
facing right on the obverse. One of the most commonly
encountered reverses of coins of this period features
Victory driving a chariot. Moneyer’s names appear in
full on many issues beginning about 154 B.C.
Military uprisings known as the Social War took
place between 90 or 91 and 88 B.C. Denarii were issued
by the Marsic Confederation during this time, followed
by additional Roman Republic denarii issued through
41 B.C. The names of moneyers L. Marcius Censorinus,
C. Mamilius C.f Limetanus, P. Crepsius, L. Cornelius
Sulla, Manlius Torquatus, C. Valerius Flaccus, C.
Annius T.f. T.N. Luscus, L. Fabius l.f. Hispaniensis,
and C. Tarquitius on coins have all been attributed to
have been struck no later than 82 B.C.
The Tuscan Forest coins were discovered in the
remains of a terra cotta pot. Two of the coins were
broken, but in general the coins were reported to be
in excellent condition. One of the larger coin groups
dates between 109 and 100 B.C., however this number
doubles in subsequent decades. Majority of the coins
are dated between 91 and 88 B.C.
The 175 denarii was a considerable sum of money
at the time. It is known that at the time of Emperor
Domitian (81-96 A.D.) he increased the pay of a foot
soldier from three installments from 75 denarii each in
January, May, and September. It took 25 silver denarii
to equal one gold aureus at that time.
The face value and contemporary spending power of
this find lead archaeologists to speculation about the
hoard. The Livorno Paleontological Archaeological
Group commented that “the little treasure could be the
savings of a soldier.”
Dr. Lorella Alderighi studied the find. According
to Alderighi, “This treasure is about a person’s life, the
savings of a soldier’s life and his hopes for building his
farm. However, it also tells a sad story: The owner of the
coins died before he could make his dreams come true
using his savings. The coins tell his story.”
Alderighi continued, using a more pragmatic expla-
nation: “It was a very turbulent historical period. Sulla’s
soldiers conquered territories as they advanced from
south to north. But central Italy and Tuscany had not
yet been conquered.”
Likely referencing Tuscany Alderighi said, “It is
one of the very few hoards of ancient coins found
intact and provides a lot of numismatic, historical and
social information.”
Newcastle University Professor of Classics and
Ancient History Federico Santangelo took a less roman-
tic view of explaining the find. Live Science magazine
quoted Santangelo as saying, “I don’t think we should
trace this money to a soldier, although in principle it is
possible. A number of people at times of crisis buried
their stash of money and for whatever reason were pre-
vented from retrieving it.”
The fact that none of the coins appears to have been
minted later than 82 B.C. may indicate the hoard was
intentionally hidden about the time Roman General
Lucius Cornelius Sulla successfully launched an attack
against the Roman Republic. Sulla belonged to the opti-
mate faction of the Roman senate, the supporters of the
wealthy upper classes wanting to retain the status quo.
The Social War was caused by Italian cities that sup-
plied men for Rome’s army but were refused the right to
vote or participate in political decisions. These Roman
allies, known as the socii, rebelled. Rome relented,
however Sulla, serving under the consul Luicius Julius
Caesar, increased his social prestige and political repu-
tation as a result of the conflict. Sulla would serve
as consul twice and was the first man in the Roman
Republic to seize power by force.
Sulla is often remembered to history for his cruelty,
however he reinstated senatorial power in the courts
Members of the Populare wanted a jury comprised of
equestrians, while Optimate wanted a jury comprised of
senators. The Populare represented the masses.
Sulla is also remembered for his gold and silver coins
connected to his military operations in the East to pay
his troops. None of the coins struck in Greece or Asia
Minor were discovered in the Tuscany find.
ROMAN REPUBLICAN COIN FIND
illegitimate grandson Bernard of Italy was nonetheless
included in Charlemagne’s line of inheritance.
Charlemagne is buried at the Aachen Cathedral in
the imperial capital city of Aachen.
months of Hildegard’s death, he married Fastrada.
Charlemagne had 18 children with seven of his 10
known wives and concubines. His only four legitimate
grandsons were through his fourth son, Louis. His
14. 14 World Coin News / July 2023
Two metal detecting enthusiasts in England may
not be as enthusiastic as they have been in the past.
On April 28 two men were found guilty of failing to
report a find of historically important Anglo-Saxon
coins as required under British treasure trove laws.
Roger Pilling and Craig Best were sentenced to
10 and eight years respectively for failing to declare
their find of coins minted between 874 and 879 that
were buried by an unidentified Viking. The pair
had been charged with possessing criminal prop-
erty, that criminal property being the coins.
Best took two rare coins of Alfred “the Great” of
Wessex and one of Ceolwulf II of Mercia (848-899),
East Anglia and Kent (ruled 821-823) to a meeting
at a hotel at which he understood he could sell the
coins to a team brokering a deal with a U.S.-based
buyer. The team was comprised of undercover
police investigating the case as Operation Fantail.
These three coins were part of a hoard discov-
ered in a farm field in Leominster, Herefordshire
in 2015. The hoard has been estimated to have ini-
tially included about 300 coins. A raid of Pilling’s
home recovered 41 additional coins from the hoard.
The balance has not been recovered. Pilling did
not discover the hoard but has refused to iden-
tify from whom he obtained the coins he was
attempting to sell.
Best contacted U.S.-based Professor Ronald
Bude in 2018, hoping to encourage Bude to pur-
chase the Alfred silver penny. According to court
records, Bude questioned the authenticity of the
coins, contacting a coin expert at the Fitzwilliam
Museum in Cambridge. Authorities were contacted
by the museum, resulting in the undercover opera-
tion through which Pilling and Best were arrested.
Durham Constabulary Deputy Superintendent
Lee Gosling said, “This is an extremely unusual
case. It is not very often we get the chance to shape
British history. It is astonishing that the history
books need rewriting because of this find.”
Durham Crown Court Judge James Adkin said
the coins were of “immense historical significance.”
According to numismatists at the Fitzwilliam
Museum the coins included a “King Alfred two-
emperors type silver penny, that “Prior to 2015, only
two coins of that type had been discovered.”
Prosecutor Matthew Donkin said, “The majority
of the coins are of a comparatively rare type known
as cross or lozenge. Two of them are the extremely
rare two-emperor type.”
British Museum Curator of Early Medieval
Coins Gareth Williams said, “The coins literally
enable us to rewrite history.”
Williams continued, “It is not very often we get
the chance to shape British history. It is astonish-
ing that the history books need rewriting because
of this find.” A BM study of the surviving hoard
coins has helped understand late ninth century
politics, Alfred, and history of the formation of
England, according to Williams.
Little is known about Ceolwulf, however until
the discovery of these coins it was understood
Ceolwulf was likely a minor puppet for the Vikings.
These coins suggested Ceolwulf and Alfred were
likely equals and allies. It is now being suggested
there may be a need to reappraise the narrative
of Alfred, who is currently generally regarded as
the hero who saved England from Viking rule
almost by himself.
Alfred won a decisive victory over Viking invad-
ers at the Battle of Eington in 1878. This resulted
in an agreement with the Vikings that divided
England between the Anglo-Saxon territory and
the Viking-ruled areas of Scandinavian York, north-
east Midlands, and East Anglis under the Danelaw.
Alfred has been understood to have succeeded
to Ceolwulf ’s kingdom, which consisted of western
Mercia and Guthrum.
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, “And
the same year [874] they [the Great Heathen Army]
gave Ceolwulf, an unwise king’s thane, the Mercian
kingdom to hold; and he swore oaths to them, and
gave hostages, that it should be ready for them on
whatever day they would have it; and he would be
ready with himself, and with all those that would
remain with him, at the service of the army.”
BRITISH ENFORCE TREASURE
TROVE LAWS
15. www.numismaticnews.net / July 2023 15
NUMINDEX TO TRACK COIN VALUES
It could become the Dow Jones Industrial Average
for coins. That is Michael Zagorowski’s hope as he
publicly launches Numindex, an index meant to track
the financial performance of collectible coins.
Numindex will calculate the average value of select-
ed European coins that are frequently traded. The
results appear on a graph. The index is tracking 30
coins each with a value between €100 and €2,000.
In an article appearing in the April 6 issue of
CoinsWeekly.com Zagorowski explained, “The aim
of the index is to present the development of selected
prices in a clear and representative way. By pooling
items with different but similar features into groups,
their average development can be measured and
compared to earlier data. This makes it possible to
identify the underlying trend and present it visually.”
Zagorowski likens what he is tracking to the
Financial Times Stock Exchange Index, an index that
tracks the largest and most frequently traded London
Stock Exchange stocks.
Zagorowski continued, “Admittedly, an index does
not paint a complete picture of individual areas such
as precious metals or time periods. But just like a
stock index it reflects a segment of the market.”
He explained, the index will only include coins
meant to circulate, rather than non-circulated legal
tender commemoratives. Each coin in the index must
be traded in some form “several times a year.”
“Only those coins,” Zagorowski added, “will be
included that are traded at least 10 percent above
their precious metal value provided that they are in
good condition, thus generating a ‘numismatic plus’
on the market.”
He further explained any coin that is tracked must
be in a grade where it is reasonably available. The
prices used in Numindex will be prices publicly avail-
able through auction prices generated through the
coin trade or through auctions.
According to Zagorowski, “Individual countries are
represented by specific coins and the selection of the
components was influenced by the following aspects:
was the country a member of the Latin Monetary
Union? If so, the country will be represented by two
coins. Depending on the number of inhabitants and
the possession of potential colonies or special eco-
nomic areas, the country will get an additional coin.”
The index tracks four coins each of Germany and
Italy; three each of Belgium, France, and Poland;
two each of Great Britain, Greece, and Switzerland;
and one each of Austria, “Baltics,” Finland, Hungary,
Portugal, Russia, and Spain. The list contains 15 silver,
14 gold, and one aluminum coin. A listing of the exact
coins being followed can be viewed at coinsweekly.
com/numindex-the-stock-index-for-coins/.
Numindex was launched in 2018 but is only now
being unveiled publicly. All statistics can be viewed
at numindex.com.
During the late 20th century, the venerable auction
house Stack’s in New York tracked the prices of what
the company called a breadbasket of U.S. coins.
The PCGS 3000 Index is a price guide and market
index tracked by Professional Coin Grading Service
that can be viewed at pcgs.com/prices/coin-index/
pcgs3000. An examination of 12 market segments
is offered. A disclaimer at the site reads: “The
PCGS3000® should only be used as one guide to rare
coin prices and historical price movements, and not
as the sole source for determining the value or market
history of a particular coin.”
The Numismatic Stock Index, which I founded and
update monthly, began in May 2016. The NSI does
not track the value of coins but tracks the percentage
of the 52-week high value of individual publicly traded
stocks that have a connection to the business of numis-
matics. Among the stocks followed are Crane Paper
Company (CR), A-Mark Precious Metals (AMRK),
and the Mint of Poland (MNC PW). NSI is not cur-
rently available online.
PRIVATELY OWNED MINT SOLD
A significant number of well-established coin dealer-
ships and auction houses have merged or been taken
over by larger business entities in recent years. Now
the oldest privately owned mint in the United States is
following suite.
The Osborne Coinage Company in Cincinnati has
been recently acquired by the Dutch firm Royal United
Mint. The RUM also owns the Royal Dutch Mint and
16. 16 World Coin News / July 2023
ECOLOGY FEATURED ON NEW
SOUTH AFRICA COINS
South Africa’s bank notes are being “refreshed,” how-
ever the nation’s coinage is going ecological.
The coin series introduced on May 4 emphasizes
“deep ecology,” the interconnectedness of fauna and flora
as an integral part of the environment. The diameter,
national coat of arms, year of mintage, and one of the 11
official languages which rotate in appearance every 10
years will remain unchanged.
What is changing on the coins is what appears on the
obverse of each denomination, as well as the shape of
each denomination, and some additional features.
The Cape honeybee will be featured on the 10-cent
coin, bitter aloe on the 20 cent, Knysna turaco on the
50 cent, a springbok on the 1 rand, and a southern right
whale on the 5 rand.
In addition, the 10 cent will be octagonal or eight-
sided, the 20 cent will be heptagonal or seven-sided, the
50 cent will be hexagonal or six-sided, the 1 rand will be
pentagonal or five-sided and the 5 rand will be circular.
The South African flag will appear on the obverse of
the 1 rand with the legend South Africa consistently in
English language.
Mauquoy Token Company.
RUM is part of Group (Groep) Heylen, which accord-
ing to the GH web site is “a Belgian industrial holding
that invests in ambitious companies and entrepreneurs
all over the world, to transform them into international
market leaders.”
The GH web site further explains, “We focus on sus-
tainable investments for the long term through innova-
tion, internationalization and operational excellence.”
The RUM web site further explains RUM, “makes
people and resources available for businesses active in
the minting industry. Interesting potential investments
are screened on basis of fixed criteria. Any takeover
or acquisition of a stake by Royal United Mint always
starts from the existing core strengths.”
The Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt or Royal
Dutch Mint was founded in 1567. It was renamed De
Nederlandse Munt or Netherlands Mint in 1994 when
it became a company whose shares were wholly owned
by the Netherlands. In late 2016 the mint was acquired
from the government by Group Heylen.
The Mauquoy Token Company NV is located in
Westerlo, Belgium. According to the MTC web site,
“We are the largest manufacturer of metal tokens in the
world,” continuing, “We make custom tokens, printed
with your design for a variety of uses, from collectible
coins and shopping cart tokens to slot or coin machine
coins. No challenge is too big or assignment too small
for us! We make all types of custom-made tokens: metal
tokens, bi-metal tokens, slotted tokens, tokens with
holes and plastic tokens.”
Mauquoy is completely automated. The company
web site indicates it is 140 years old and “is Europe’s
the largest manufacturer of metal tokens with export to
more than 50 countries worldwide.”
The Osborne Mint was established in 1835. It had
been owned by the Stegman family for the past 75 years.
According to Osborne information, “Osborne Mint is
the leader is custom minted numismatic quality silver
rounds, copper rounds, bars, and bullets. Working with
clients across the country, we create artwork, engrave, or
sculpt new designs, and mint custom rounds every day.”
Since the inception of the Osborne Mint the facility
has produced tokens for the election campaigns of such
notables as Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt. Fiber composition food ration
tokens distributed during World War II were minted by
Osborne, the fiber being substituted for metals needed
for the war effort. Today the facility produces base metal
blanks for other mints as well as commemorative and
circulation coins for central banks and for collectors.
One of the most recent medals struck at the Osborne
Mint is the Cincinnati Numismatic Association’s Gene
Hessler Literary Award. Hessler is likely best known
to numismatics for his five books on the history and
engravers of paper money.
According to a recent RUM press release to Belga
News Agency, “With this acquisition, we are setting foot
in the United States,” adding, “We are the world leader
in the coin and token market. Andre McCaster, who has
been in charge of Osborne Coinage for two years, will
continue the management.”
RUM explained, “Through Osborne Coinage, small
and medium-sized customers in the US can be better
served, For example, Osborne makes payment tokens
in base metals or collector tokens in precious metals for
collectors and central banks.”
17. www.numismaticnews.net / July 2023 17
“Deep ecology” is the subject of the recently released South African coins and bank notes.
South Africa appears in three languages on the
obverse of the new 5-rand coin. When this coin is lilted
the latent image will change from Rand to Five. The
change in shapes is meant to assist the visually impaired.
South Africa’s bank notes will be upgraded, but
the basic designs on each note will remain consistent.
According to a SARB release, “The SARB does not
demonetize its currency. All previously issued circula-
tion bank notes and coins can be used as a means of
trade together with the upgraded bank notes and coin.
All circulation currency maintains its face value.”
The change to bank notes by the South African
Reserve Bank is the first in more than a decade and is
meant to keep South Africa one step ahead of counter-
feiters. Coins have not changed since 1989.
The SARB says South African currency has one of
the lowest counterfeit rates in the world. It is estimated
only three counterfeit bank notes per million bank notes
printed has been detected. Coins and bank notes are
regularly upgraded in accordance with international
best practices to combat counterfeiting and keep up
with technological advances.
The new bank notes include enhanced security fea-
tures and a splash of color. The new generation of notes
continue to honor Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first
democratically elected president. His vignette appears
on the front of each note, with the Big 5 animals illus-
trated as a family, reinforces the importance of family
bonds, on the back.
The African buffalo, African bush elephant, black rhi-
noceros, lion, and leopard are named the “Big 5” because
they are among the most poached and most difficult and
dangerous to hunt large African mammals. A shadow
image watermark of a different Big 5 animal appears
with the denomination numeral on each denomination.
Subtly enhanced colors and large denomination
numerals printed in positive and negative text have been
added to assist those who are sight impaired. In addi-
tion, each denomination has a shape that encapsulates
the see-through, perfect print registration of the animal
that is unique to each denomination. The 10 rand has a
diamond, the 20 rand has a rectangle, the 50 rand fea-
tures a circle, the 100 rand has a hexagon, and the 200
rand features an oval.
Enhanced tactile marks are located on the short
edges of the 10- and 20-rand denominations, as well as
the long edges of the 50-, 100-, and 200-rand notes. Each
denomination can be identified by the gaps between the
tactile marks when counted. The 10 rand has one short
edge gap, 20 rand has two short edge gaps, 50 rand gap
has one long edge gap, 100 rand has two long gaps, and
the 200 rand has three long gaps.
The preamble to South Africa’s Constitution appears
in micro-lettering on the left and right sides of the main
vignette on each note.
According to the SARB, “Members of the public are
encouraged to familiarize themselves with the upgraded
bank notes and coins and to use the look, feel and tilt
method to authenticate their currency. Changes to the
upgraded ban knotes and coins are available on the
SARB website and the SARB Currency App, which is
available on the Apple iStore and the Google Play Store.”