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1. What Are The Types of Malware
Analysis
Malware analysis is a crucial process in cybersecurity, aimed at understanding the
behavior, purpose, and impact of malicious software. By analyzing malware, security
professionals can develop effective countermeasures to protect systems and networks.
There are primarily two types of malware analysis: Static Analysis and Dynamic Analysis.
Each type has its methodologies and tools, and they often complement each other in the
malware analysis process.
1. Static Analysis
Static analysis involves examining the malware without executing it. The goal is to extract
as much information as possible from the malware's binary code and resources. This type
of analysis can provide insights into the functionality, origin, and potential capabilities of
the malware without the risk of infection or triggering any malicious behavior.
Key Aspects of Static Analysis include:
• Code Disassembly: Using disassemblers (like IDA Pro, Ghidra) to convert binary
code into assembly language, making it easier to understand the malware's
instructions.
• Signature Extraction: Identifying unique strings, patterns, or sequences of bytes
that can be used to detect and classify malware.
• Cryptography Analysis: Identifying cryptographic algorithms used for
communication or data obfuscation.
• Resource Extraction: Analyzing embedded resources such as images, strings, or
configuration data that can reveal the malware's behavior or intent.
2. Dynamic Analysis
Dynamic analysis, on the other hand, involves executing the malware in a controlled,
isolated environment (often referred to as a sandbox) to observe its behavior in real-time.
This method allows analysts to understand how the malware interacts with the system,
network, and other applications.
Key Aspects of Dynamic Analysis include:
• Behavior Observation: Monitoring the actions taken by the malware, such as file
creation/deletion, registry changes, network communications, and system
modifications.
• Network Traffic Analysis: Using tools (like Wireshark, TCPDump) to capture and
analyze network traffic generated by the malware, identifying command and control
(C&C) servers, data exfiltration techniques, and other network-based indicators.

2. • API Calls Monitoring: Observing the system and library calls made by the malware,
which can provide insights into its operational tactics.
• Sandbox Testing: Utilizing automated sandbox environments (like Cuckoo
Sandbox) to safely run malware and collect detailed reports on its activities and
behaviors.
Complementary Approaches
In practice, both static and dynamic analysis are often used together to provide a
comprehensive understanding of malware. Static analysis can quickly provide an overview
and identify key components without the risks associated with running the malware.
Dynamic analysis complements this by revealing how the malware behaves within a
system and how it communicates over networks.
Advanced Techniques
Beyond these foundational approaches, advanced techniques like reverse engineering and
memory forensics are also employed to delve deeper into complex malware samples.
Reverse engineering involves deconstructing the malware to its source code to thoroughly
understand its mechanisms, while memory forensics examines the system's memory for
malicious artifacts and indicators of compromise that are only observable while the
malware is running.
Understanding the types of malware analysis and applying the appropriate methods are
crucial for effectively combating malware and enhancing cybersecurity defenses.
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