2. Key terms
WWW
Webpage
Html
Browser
URL
http
website
Web Hosting and Domain
Name Registration
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3. World Wide Web
(WWW)
WWW is a vast collection
of information that is
spread across hundreds
of thousands of
computers around the
world via internet.
The backbone of the
World Wide Web is the
Hypertext Markup
Language, often simply
Users navigate the
WWW through the
use of hypertext
links.
Most of the
documents on the
WWW are written in
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4. • World Wide Web is combination of four ideas: Hypertext,
Resource identifier, Client-server architecture and Markup
language.
• Hypertext: is the ability to move from one part of a
document to another or from one document to another
through internal connections among these documents
(called "hyperlinks").
• Resource identifier: is the ability on a computer network to
locate a particular resource on the network through a unique
identifier called IP address.
• There is unique Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is
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• The client-server model: In this, which client software or a client
computer makes requests of server software or a server
computer that provides the client with resources or services, such
as data or files.
• Markup language: is a computer language for clarifying the
contents of a document. i.e how to print or display the text.
• W3C (world wide consortium) is the non-profit organizations
which makes the web standard. The W3C's goal is to create
technical standards and guidelines for web technologies
worldwide.
• The most known web standards are: HTML, CSS, XML, and
XHTML.
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6. Client server architecture
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• Client(“front-end”): Gathers information from the user,
submits it to a server, then receives, formats, and presents
the results returned from the server.
• Server(“back-end”): Fulfills a request for information by
managing the request or serving the requested information to
the client.
• “Front-end” refers to any aspect of the design process that
appears in or relates directly to the browser.
• “Back-end” refers to the programs and scripts that work on
the server behind the scenes to make web pages dynamic
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8. The web works based on the following steps:
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1. You request a page by typing URL (http://www.wsu.edu.et)
2. Your browser send an HTTP request on the server
named in the URL and asks for a specific file.
3. The server looks for the request file and sends an
either of the following HTTP response.
a. If the page cannot be found. The server return an error
message which says “404” not found.
b. If the document is found. The server retrieves the
requested file and returns it to the browser.
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4. The browser parses the HTML document. If the
page contains images(indicated by the HTML
img tag), the browser contacts the server again
to request each image files specified in the
markup.
5. The browser inserts each image in the document
flow where indicated by the img. Then, the
assembled web page is displayed for your viewing
pleasure.
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10. Web page
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• Web page is a document available on
world wide web, which can contain text,
graphics, animation, audio, and video.
• Website is the collection of related web
pages. (www.google.com)
• A Web Server is a computer that delivers
requested Web pages to your computer.
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11. Types of web-pages
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• Static Vs. Dynamic web pages
• In the Static web pages, user can only read the
information but can’t do any modification.
• Static web pages are only used when the
information is no more required to be modified.
• Each web page is a separate document and
there are no databases or external files that
are drawn upon.
• They contain HTML code, each time an HTML page
is loaded, it looks the same.
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12. Cont..
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• A Dynamic web page is a web page that
displays different content each time it's
viewed.
• Dynamic web pages are developed by scripting
languages like PHP, JSP, node js and ASP to
allow the users changing the contents of the
web pages.
• Potentially able to make updates without
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13. Web page design tools
Notepad
Notepad++
Dream waver
Visual studio code
Wamp
Xampp
…
Etc.
Wamp: is an acronym for
Windows Operating System,
Apache(Web server),
MySQL Database, PHP
Language.
Xampp: is an acronym for
X( any Operating System),
Apache(Web server),
MySQL Database, PHP
Language and PERL.
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14. Client Side Scripting
Html
CSS
Javascript
React js
Html-
is a markup language for describing
Webpages
CSS- Cascade Style Sheet
describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed on screen, paper, or in other
media.
Javascript-
is a popular programming language that's
built into all the major web browsers and
used to make web pages interactive
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15. Server Side Scripting
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Hypertext Preprocessor(PHP). PHP is a
popular general-purpose scripting language
that is especially suited to web development.
<?php
....
?>
Node js.
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16. HTTP and HTTPs
It is a communications protocol
Used for retrieving inter-linked
text documents (hypertext) led to
the establishment of the World
Wide Web.
HTTP is a request/response
standard between a client and a
server.
Typically, an HTTP client
initiates a request
It establishes a
Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) connection
to a particular port on a
host (port 80 by default).
An HTTP server listening
on that port waits for the
client to send a request
message.
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17. HTTP uses TCP and not UDP because much
data must be sent for a webpage, and TCP
provides transmission control, presents the
data in order, and provides error correction.
Resources to be accessed by HTTP are
identified using (URIs) (or, more specifically,
(URLs)) using the http: or https URI schemes.
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18. Browser and Web server
• Browser is used to retrieve and display information from a
Web server by using HTTP protocol.
• Example: Microsoft internet explorer, Mozila firefox, Opera,
Safari, Google chrome ,Microsoft Edge and etc.
• Web server is used to store, process and deliver web
pages to the users.
• Example: Apache(most widely used Web server software),
IIS(internet information server), Netscape Web server and
etc.
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19. Universal resource locator (URL)
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• A URL is the exact address or location of the
electronic files/web page to be retrieved on the
internet. It is also called web address.
• It consists of a protocol, domain name, and sometimes
the path to a specific Web page or location on a Web
page.
• Example: http://www.Yahoo.com/mypage/about.html
www.yahoo.com:- represents the domain name
/mypage :- represents the path of the web page
about.html :- represent the web page name/file
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20. Domain name systems(DNS)
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• Domain name is a human readable name given to a server for
ease of reference by human, i.e. It is an IP address in the
textual form rather than numbers.
• The Domain Name System is a system by which it converts
human-readable name(domain name) such as
“www.wsu.edu.et” to their corresponding IP addresses;
191.57.126.24.
• Their conversions are done by software systems called
domain name servers.
• Domain name server is simply a computer that contains a
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• Domain name is constructed hierarchically. (i.e
www.wsu.edu.et)
• Label can be up to 63 characters long and are case
insensitive
• Labels must start with a letter and can only consists of
letters, digits and hyphens.
• The final most significant label of a fully qualified name can
be:-
• Three letter code :- indicate the type of organization
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• Two letter codes:-indicate the country of origin
.et for Ethiopia
.kr for Korea
After the completion of the web project the
selected web hosting company provides the
domain name based on the requested hosting
plan.
Examples: bluehost, siteground, HostGator
,Ethio-Telecom and etc.
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