Two different waste to wealth ideas.. To know more logon to www.aquaengg.blogspot.com

1. WASTE TO WEALTH
R. Chennaprasad,
PG Student,
Department of Civil Engineering,
Coimbatore Institute of Technology,
Coimabtore – 14
Aquaengineering.blogspot.com
AQUA ENGINEERING

2. WHAT IS A WASTE?
 Any Substance which is discarded after its primary use or it is worthless, defective and of no use.
It can be in solid or liquid form.
 Sources of waste are from Domestic, Industries, Commercial and Segregated waste from markets
 Majorly wastes are classified as biodegradable and non – biodegradable
 Now we concentrate on biodegradable(Organic) solid wastes from domestic use and markets.

3. WASTE GENERATION IN COIMBATORE
 Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation has 257 sq.km area under its jurisdiction.
 As per Census 2011 Coimbatore holds about 16 lakh people.
 As per the report by municipal corporation in 2018 around 650 tonnes of solid wastes are
collected daily out of which 75% of the wastes are biodegradable.
 The facilities for processing these wastes are not adequate in Coimbatore that vellalore dump
yard alone consists of 15 lakh tonnes of solid waste.
 Segregating wastes at the source would result in reduction of daily accumulated waste to 400
tonnes per day.

4. Circular Economy in Waste Management
 All wastes are not waste. One man’s waste is another man’s raw material.
 The circular economy is more than just recycling the produced waste. It is a model in which
materials and raw materials circulate until they no longer have any value left.
 This minimizes the waste generations, reduces the need for virgin raw material

5. BLACK SOILDER FLY (BSF)
 These files are native to various parts of the world and can adapt to various climates
 These are not disease carrying vector
 The larvae will eat until it becomes a fly. One meter square of BSF larvae can eat up to 15kgs/day
of organic waste
 The adult flies have sponging mouthparts and it can only consume water.
 The larvae lives long and it is fed for two weeks. The adult fly can live only up to 8 days and they
die once they lag egg.
 They are natural fly repellents and its larvae won’t allow other flies to grow.
 The govt of India has categorised this fly as beneficial insect.

6. UNIQUE LIFE CYCLE OF BSF
 The BSF life cycle can be divided in five parts – egg, larva, prepupa, pupa and adult
 An BSF fly would lay 200 – 700 eggs which hatch in 4 days
 The larvae are very important in waste management as they bio convert the wastes
 The larvae feed for about two weeks, before moving to the prepupae stage
 The prepupae stage, which is the last BSF larvae stage, is important in terms of waste
transformation and in conversion of biomass.
 The pupal stage represents the last stage before the appearance of adult flies and takes about
two weeks together with the prepupae phase.

7. UNIQUE LIFE CYCLE OF BSF

8. BSF HARVESTING STEPS INVOLVED

9. WASTE SOURCING AND PRE PROCESSING
 Proper waste sourcing is of crucial importance for complete waste treatment chain. When dealing
with municipal solid waste, a special focus needs to be set on the segregation of the organic
fraction.
 A first step involves a control of the waste to ensure it contains no hazardous materials and no
inorganic substances.
 Further steps then involve a reduction of the waste particle size, a dewatering of the waste
and/or a blending of different organic waste types to create a suitable balanced diet and
moisture (70-80%) for the larvae.

10. REARING
 In order to preserve the eggs of the fly cages called eggies are used
 The harvested “eggies” are placed on a open environment for hatchlings
 The hatched larvae falls into a container and starts to feed. The initial 5
days are crucial so the larvae are fed with high quality food
 A 5 DOL are weighted and are taken to the BSF Treatment unit
 A portion of 2-5% by weight is separated and kept for breeding purposes.
 The prepupae are identified and transferred into pupation container
 Pupation container has moist soil like substrate which is kept dark so that
prepupae buries themselves to form pupae(2 weeks).
 The emerging fly remains inside the dark cage motionless. Once light falls
on the fly, they move and start mating to lay eggs.

11. BSF TREATMENT UNIT
 The dried and shredded organic waste with moisture content of 70% is fed to the 5 days old
larvae
 The recommendations by Indonesian BSF farm is that 40000 larvae in one sq.m area can be fed
upto 60kgs of organic waste over the span of 12 days.
 The larvae are fed with equal amount of food on 1st, 5th and 8th day. On 13th day the larvae are
collected
 The larvae at 12 days will contain maximum amount of protein and will be still in larvae stage (not
in pre pupal stage)
 The larvae are cultivated and further processed.

12. PRODUCT HARVESTING
 Harvesting is the process of separating larvae from the residue
 This can be done by manual or automated sieving.
 After harvesting the larvae can directly sold alive to the customers
 It can be used to feed poultry, fishes, pigs, cats, goats, etc
 It is a very rich source of protein
 It is identified to be bridging the gap in protein deficiency.

13. LARVAE AND RESIDUE POST PROCESSING
 Another forms of marketing this larvae includes preparation of feed pellets by mixing the larvae
with soya meal or corn.
 The pelleted food are packed and can be fed to various domestic animals like dogs, cats, etc.,
 In some countries these larvae is consumed directly by humans.
 The residues can be processed in various ways, the particular Indonesia plant does their post
processing of residues in three ways
 The residue is made as fertilizer by composting it for two months.
 The residue is fed into vermi composting to market the worms and also to produce compost.
 Depending on the moisture content it is fed into anaerobic digester to produce bio gas.

14. BUSINESS PITCH
 The BSFL can take care of organic waste and recycles the nutrients through which the following
problems can be eliminated.
 The lack of protein
 Rise in fish meal price
 Wastage of nutrients
Business model:
 The raw material is free of cost.
 With very few capital and operational cost like transporting the waste there is a potential for huge
margin.
 With an investment of 10 crores and processing 100 tonnes of waste per day, the return of investment is
only 4.27 years.
 This method proves to be economical in low income countries like India, China, Indonesia, etc.,.

15. VIDEOS ON BSF
 The Indonesian BSF farm: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5M6u9ZX5ecE
 BSF farm in Tirupur, Tamil Nadu: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gY4xMymLPeE

16. THE MOST LITTERED WASTE IN THE WORLD
 Smoking cigarettes are injurious to health. It is more harmful to the environment after they are smoked.
 Trillions of cigarettes are smoked annually making cigarette butts one of the most common types of litter in the
world.
 In India alone around 24 crore cigarette butts are thrown away in a single day.
 The paper and remaining tobacco are biodegradable and they cause no much harm.
 The butt part containing filter is made of Cellulose acetate which is not easily bio – degradable and lasts for 10 years
in the environment.
 The butt when falls in water stream it contains chemical which and pollute water and can get choked into the
respiratory system of marine animals.
 Cigarette filters were designed to absorb some of the toxins in cigarette smoke and collect solid particles known as
tar. They are also intended to keep tobacco from entering the smoker's mouth.
 Chemicals are added to cigarette paper to control the burn rate, and calcium carbonate is added as a whitener, in
part to create appealing ash as the cigarette burns.

17. Conserve Our Depleting Environment (CODE)
 Vishal Kanet and Naman Gupta, residents of Noida has started a firm called CODE to recycle the
cigarette butts.
 They are collecting smoked cigarettes from vendors and volunteers at 800 rupees/kg in eight
states across India.
 They started their business in 2016 and by the end of 2019 they have recycled about 50 tonnes of
cigarette butts.
 CODE is the one and only company in India to recycle cigarette wastes.

18. How they process the cigarette wastes
 Mostly cigarette butts are attached with paper and some amount of tobacco.
 Firstly they are separating paper and tobacco from non decomposable filter butt.
 The separated paper and tobacco are grind and made as compost.
 Using natural enzyme based chemical they are treating the cellulose acetate and using them in
packing small toys, key chains, pillows, etc., where there is no direct human contact.
 Now they are also making mosquito repellent papers from papers in cigarettes and the filter part
is used in various stuffing process instead of cotton.
 They have promised to make specs out of the filter media using the cellulose acetate which will
arrive in market very soon.

19. CODE VIDEO
 ZEE NEWS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcTpMiS6FqE
 CODE EFFORTS NEW: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qVuRu1c6PIs

20. THANK YOU