2. Noun phrase
In general, a noun phrase will
include a head noun, which is
the word that the phrase is
centered around. Other words in
the phrase will modify and
provide additional information
about the head noun, such as its
quantity, possession, location,
or other qualities. These
modifiers are called dependents.
A noun phrase can have one or
more dependents or no dependents
at all.
Basically, a noun phrase can
consist of three main parts:
1. Pre-modifier(s): include
determiners, possessive nouns,
attributive prepositive
adjectives, noun modifiers
2. Head: Noun
3. Post-modifier(s): prepositional
phrases, that-clauses, infinitive
clauses, participle clauses,
relative clauses, adnominal
adverbs.
Identify the noun phrase: The dog is
very large.
A) Dog
B) Very large
C) The dog
D) Large
3. Is a group of words
that functions as an
adjective in a
sentence. It consists
of an adjective and
any modifiers,
complements, or
determiners
that may be present.
Adjective
phrases
Adjective phrase's structure
1. Combining several adjectives
I would like a piece of the delicious,
buttery, German chocolate dessert.
2. Adverb + adjective
This coffee is very cold.
3. Adjective + adverb
This house is big enough for two people.
4. Adjective + complement
The country's economy is dependent on
natural resources.
5. Adverb + adjective + complement
Are you really interested in Hip-Hop?
4. ● Adverbial Phrase Modifier: This is the
first part of the adverbial phrase and
usually consists of one or more words
that modify the action or describe the
circumstances. Examples of adverbial
phrase modifiers include adverbs,
prepositional phrases, or adverbial
clauses.
● Verb or Verb Phrase: The adverbial
phrase often follows or precedes the
main verb in a sentence and provides
information about the verb. It may
also include an auxiliary verb if
necessary.
● Complements or Objects: Some adverbial
phrases include objects or complements
that further specify the action. These
can be nouns, pronouns, or other
phrases.
Adverb
phrase
Is a group of words that functions
as an adverb within a sentence. It
serves to modify or provide
additional information about
verbs, adjectives, other adverbs,
or even entire clauses. Adverbial
phrases can convey details such as
time, place, manner, frequency,
degree, reason, or condition. They
enhance the meaning of a sentence
by offering context or describing
how an action is performed.
5. • Adverbial Phrase: "with great care"
- Modifier: "with"
- Verb: (implied, depending on the context)
- Complement: "great care"
• Adverbial Phrase: "in the morning"
- Modifier: "in"
- Verb: (implied, depending on the context)
- Complement: "the morning"
• Adverbial Phrase: "because he was tired"
- Modifier: "because"
- Verb: (implied, depending on the context)
- Complement: "he was tired"
examples
6. We all laughed.
Consists of a main
verb alone, or a main
verb plus any modal
and/or auxiliary
verbs. The main verb
always comes last in
the verb phrase.
Verb phrases Adjective phrase's structure
Computers can be very annoying!
An apartment would have cost less than a
hotel for four of us.
Modal Auxiliary Main
Verbs
laughed.
be
can
would have cost
7. ● She is in the park
● The book on the shelf is mine.
● She walked to the store.
● The cat is under the table.
● They sat on the bench.
● We went for a walk in the park.
● He hid the treasure in the chest.
Prepositional
phrase
• Functions as an adverb or
adjective.
• Begins with a preposition
(e.g., in, on, under) and ends
with a noun or pronoun object.
• Provides information about the
relationship between nouns or
pronouns in a sentence.
• Often expresses location, time,
direction, or possession.
examples
8. • Swimming is fun.
• Her singing impressed everyone.
• Swimming in the pool is his
favorite activity.
• Running in the morning is good for
your health.
• Her singing at the concert was
fantastic.
• Reading books is a great way to
relax.
• Painting the fence took all day.
Gerund
phrase
• Functions as a noun.
• Consists of a gerund (a verb
ending in -ing) and any
associated modifiers.
• Represents an action or activity.
• Commonly used as the subject or
object of a sentence.
examples
9. Infinitive
phrases
• Functions as a noun, adjective,
or adverb.
• Begins with the word "to"
followed by the base form of a
verb.
• Expresses a purpose, intention,
or action.
• Can act as the subject, object,
or modifier in a sentence.
• To learn, a new language is a
valuable skill.
• She went to the gym to exercise.
• I want to visit Paris one day.
• To bake a cake, you need the right
ingredients.
• He loves to play the piano.
• She wanted to read a book.
examples
10. ● The child, excited about the trip,
packed his bags.
● The broken window needs to be
fixed.
● The chef, wearing a tall hat,
cooked a delicious meal.
● The book, written by a famous
author, is a bestseller.
● The car, damaged in the accident,
is in the garage.
Participle
phrase
• Functions as an adjective.
• It contains a participle
(usually ending in -ed or -ing)
and any accompanying modifiers.
• Provides descriptive
information about a noun.
• Often used to add detail or
clarify nouns in a sentence.
examples
